Histology Of Female Repro Tract

Question 1

Structure of the ovary medulla is loose or dense connective tissue?

Answer 1

Loose

Question 2

The cortex of the ovary is made up of what?

Answer 2

Scattered follicles in highly cellular connective tissue stroma
Outer shell is dense connective tissue - tunica albuginea
Covered by single layer of cuboidal cells - germinal epithelium

Question 3

When does development of ovaries begin?

Answer 3

At 6 weeks - germ cells from yolk sac invade osvries and proliferate by mitosis -> oogonia - undergo meiosis -> mature oocytes

Question 4

What is oogenesis?

Answer 4

Development of oocytes

Question 5

What is folliculogenesis?

Answer 5

Growth of the follicle - consists of the oocyte and any associated support cells

Question 6

What forms between the oocyte and granulosa cells as the oocyte enlarges?

Answer 6

Zona pellucida

Question 7

What are the largest antral follicles called?

Answer 7

Graafian follicles

Question 8

Ovulation occurs from which follicle?

Answer 8

The largest Graafian follicle

Question 9

A day before ovulation what happens to the oocyte?

Answer 9

Completes meiosis 1 and produces one secondary oocyte and one polar body

Question 10

What phase does the secondary oocyte stop at before ovulation?

Answer 10

Metaphase II

Question 11

What has to happen for oocyte to progress beyond metaphase II?

Answer 11

Fertilisation

Question 12

After ovulation, what happens to the follicle?

Answer 12

Transforms into corpus Luteum

The a and granulosa cells secrete oestrogens and progesterone

Question 13

If there is no implantation, what happens to corpus Luteum?

Answer 13

Corpus albicans

Question 14

If there is implantation what is secreted to prevent degeneration of corpus Luteum?

Answer 14

HCG

Question 15

How does the uterine tube adapt in preparation for a follicle rupturing?

Answer 15

Infundibulum moves to site adjacent to where follicle ruptures

Question 16

How does the ovum move down uterine tube?

Answer 16

Propelled by gentle peristalsis and currents created by ciliates epithelium

Question 17

Where does fertilisation usually occur?

Answer 17

Ampulla

Question 18

What is the mucosa like in the ampullae of uterine tubes?

Answer 18

Folded and lined with simple columnar epithelium with ciliates and secretory cells. Surrounded by smooth muscle

Question 19

What is the epithelium of the isthmus of uterine tubes like?

Answer 19

Mostly secretory epithelium with a few ciliated cells

Question 20

The 3 layers of the uterus?

Answer 20

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

Question 21

What part of uterus is shed during menstruation?

Answer 21

Endometrium

Question 22

What makes up the myometrium?

Answer 22

3 layers of connective smooth tissue combined with collagen and elastic tissue

Question 23

What makes up the Perimetrium ?

Answer 23

Loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

Question 24

What is the endometrium divided into?

Answer 24

Stratum functionalis

Stratum basalis

Question 25

What does the stratum functionalis do?

Answer 25

Undergoes monthly degeneration and loss.

Question 26

What does the stratum basalis do?

Answer 26

Reserve tissue that regenerates the functionalis.

Question 27

What happens to the stratum functionalis during the menstruation phase?

Answer 27

Arterioles constrict -> depriving the tissues of blood and causing ischaemia -> tissue breakdown, leakage of blood and tissue sloughing

Question 28

What happens to endometrium during proliferative phase?

Answer 28

Stratum basalis proliferates and glands, stroma and vasculature grow -> increasing thickness of endometrium by reconstituting stratum functionalis

Question 29

Where is the common site of dysphasia - neoplasticism changes leading to cervical cancer?

Answer 29

Transition zone

Question 30

Histology of the cervix?

Answer 30

Mostly fibrous connective tissue covered by stratified squamous epithelium on vaginal surface - transitions into mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium - transition zone

Question 31

Dos the mucous secreting epithelium of cervix have glands??

Answer 31

Yes, deeply furrowed forming endocervical glands

Question 32

If the endocervical glands of the cervix get blocked what can form?

Answer 32

Glands expand -> nabothian cyst

Question 33

What are the 4 layers of the vagina?

Answer 33

Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Lamina propria
Fibromuscular layer
Adventitia

Question 34

What does the lamina propria of vaginalis contain?

Answer 34

Connective tissue rich in elastic fibres and thin walled blood vessels

Question 35

What does the non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina contain?

Answer 35

Large cells due to glycogen accumulation

Question 36

Are there any gland In the wall of the vagina?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

How is the vagina lubricated?

Answer 37

By mucous from cervical glands and fluid from thin walled blood vessels of lamina propria

Question 38

What prevents pathogenic bacteria growing in the vagina?

Answer 38

Commensal bacteria metabolise glycogen to lactic acid inhibiting growth of pathogenic bacteria

Question 39

What is mons pubis?

Answer 39

Skin containing oblique hair follicles over subcutaneous fat pad overlying pubic symphysis

Question 40

What is labia majora?

Answer 40

Extension of mons pubis.
Rich in apocrine and sebaceous glands and small bundles of smooth muscle.
Hair follicles on outer surface

Question 41

What is labia minora?

Answer 41

Thin skin folds rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands.

Keratinised epithelium extending into opening of vagina to level of hymen

Question 42

Clitoris?

Answer 42

Contains two tubes of erectile vascular tissue (corpora cavernosa) covered by fibrocollagenous sheath covered by skin (rich inner action and thin epidermis)