Perinatal Adaptation

Question 1

What is the function of placenta?

Answer 1

Fetal homeostasis 
Gas exchange
Nutrient transport to fetus
Waste product transport from fetus 
Acid-base balance
Hormone production 
Transport of IgG

Question 2

What shunts exist in the fetal circulation?

Answer 2

Ductus venosus
Foramen Ovale
Ductus arteriosus

Question 3

What preparation for birth occurs in the 3rd trimester?

Answer 3

Surfactant production
Accumulation of glycogen - liver, muscle, heart
Accumulation of brown fat - between scapulae and around internal organs
Accumulation of subcutaneous fat
Swallowing amniotic fluid

Question 4

What preparation for birth occurs in labour and delivery?

Answer 4

Onset of labour increase catecholamines / cortisol
Synthesis of Lung fluid stops
Vaginal delivery squeezes lungs

Question 5

What happens to foramen Ovale?

Answer 5

Closes - fossa ovalis

Persists - patent foramen Ovale

Question 6

What happens to the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 6

Ligamentum arteriosus

Persist- persistent ductus arteriosus

Question 7

What happens to the ductus venosus?

Answer 7

Ligamentum teres

Question 8

Ligamentum teres is a remnant of what?

Answer 8

Ductus venosus

Question 9

Ligamentum arteriosus is a remnant of what?

Answer 9

Ductus arteriosus

Question 10

Fossa ovalis is a remnant of what?

Answer 10

Foramen Ovale

Question 11

Physiological jaundice is due to what?

Answer 11

Breakdown of fetal haemoglobin (RBC shorter life span)

Question 12

When is jaundice considered pathological?

Answer 12

Before 24 hours

Question 13

When is jaundice considered physiological?

Answer 13

after 24 hours

Question 14

In circulatory transition for birth, does pulmonary vascular resistance increase or decrease?

Answer 14

Decrease

Question 15

In circulatory transition for birth, does systemic vascular resistance increase or decrease?

Answer 15

Increase

Question 16

In prep for birth, do circulating prostaglandins increase or decrease?

Answer 16

decrease