Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Repro > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does the bony pelvis consist of?

A

2 hip bones
Saccrum
Coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Outline the pelvic inlet

A

Sacral promontory
Ilium
Superior pubic ramus
Pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Outline the pelvic outlet

A 
Pubic symphysis 
Ischiopubic ramus 
Ischial tuberosities
Sacrotuberous ligaments 
Coccyx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List palpable landmarks of the pelvis

A 
Ischial tuberosity
Iliac crest
ASIS
Pubic tubercle 
PSIS
Pubic symphysis 
Coccyx
Sacrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are the ischial spines palpable?

A

4 and 8 o’clock on vaginal exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament attach?

A

Between the ASIS and pubic tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the joints of the pelvis?

A 
Sacroiliac joint (x2)
Hip joint (x2)
Pubic symphysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 ligaments of the pelvis?

A

Sacrotuberous

Sacrospinous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament attach?

A

Sacrum to ischial tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament attach?

A

Sacrum to the ischial spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What passes through the obturator foramen?

A

Obturator nerve and vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trauma to bony pelvis can damage what?

A 
Common iliac artery
Common iliac vein 
Sacral nerves/plexus 
Uterus 
Bladder
Rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is the AP and transverse diameters of pelvis larger in males or females?

A

Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is the subpublic angle and pelvic arch wider in males or females?

A

Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is the pelvic cavity shallower in males or females?

A

Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is the greater sciatic notch bigger in males or females?

A

Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is the sacrum and coccyx more curved in males or females?

A

Males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does the anterior Fontanelle close over?

A

9-18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When does the posterior Fontanelle close over?

A

3-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the ability of the bones to move over each other to allow delivery of foetal head called?

A

Moulding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What pouches does the peritoneum form?

A

Vesico-uterine

Recto-uterine (pouch of Douglas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you get rid of fluid collected in the pouch of douglas?

A

Drainage by needle passed through posterior fornix of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Are the broad ligaments of the uterus 1, 2 or 2 layers of peritoneum?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the broad ligaments extend?

A

Between uterus and lateral walls and floor of pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the broad ligament contain?

A

Uterine tubes

Proximal part of round ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The round ligament is an embryological remnant of what?

A

Gabernaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What ring dos the round ligament pass through?

A

Deep inguinal ligament to attach to superficial tissue of female peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 3 layers of the body of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the most common positions of the uterus?

A

Anteverted

Anteflexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the position of an anteverted uterus?

A

Uterus tipped anteriorly in relation to axis of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the position of an anteflexed uterus?

A

Uterus tipped anteriorly in relation to axis of the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are other variations of position of the uterus?

A

Retroverted (tipped posteriorly in relation to axis of vagina)
Retroflexed (tipped posteriorly in relation to axis of cervix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where does fertilisation normally take place?

A

Ampulla of uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy?

A

Removal of both uterine tubes and ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a unilateral salpingectomy?

A

Removal of one uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What test can be done to check the patency of ends of uterine tubes?

A

Hysterosalpingogram - HSG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Is the vagina an open or closed tube?

A

Closed apart from superiorly where cervix holds it open- fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Nerve supply of the levator ani muscle?

A

Nerve to levator ani (S3,4,5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Nerve supply to perineal muscles?

A

Pudendal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Over which ribs does the female breast extend?

A

2-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What muscles does the female recast lie superiorly to?

A

Pec major

Serratus anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Where is the retromammary space?

A

Between fascia and the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the breast?

A

Upper outer
Upper inner
Lower outer
Lower inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Where does majority of breast lymph drain to?

A

Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes then supraclavicular lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Where an lymph from inner breast drain to?

A

Parasternal lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Where can lymph from lower inner breast drain to?

A

Abdominal lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Level 1 axillary node clearance means?

A

Inferior and lateral to pec minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Level II axillary node clearance means?

A

Deep to pec minor

49
Q

Level III axillary node clearance means?

A

Superior and medial to pec minor

50
Q

Pain from superior aspect of pelvic organs is felt where?

A

Suprapubic

51
Q

What fibres in charge of pain sensation in superior aspect of pelvic organs?

A

Visceral afferents

52
Q

Visceral afferents supplying pain sensation to superior pelvic organs follow what path and enter spinal cord where?

A

Alongside sympathetic fibres

Enter between T11-L2

53
Q

What fibres supply pain sensation to the inferior aspect of pelvic organs?

A

Visceral afferents

54
Q

What path do the visceral afferents supplying pain sensation to inferior aspect of pelvic organs follow? And where in spinal cord do they enter?

A

Alongside parasympathetic fibres

S2,3,4

55
Q

Where is pain perceived from inferior aspect of pelvic organs?

A

S2,3,4 dermatomes

56
Q

Structures below levator ani are supplied by which pain fibres?

A

Somatic sensory and pudendal nerve

57
Q

Where is pain felt by structures in perineum, below levator ani?

A

Localised pain within perineum

58
Q

Where does spinal cord become cauda equina?

A

L2

59
Q

Where does the subarachnoid space end?

A

S2

60
Q

What spinal levels is anaesthetic injected at?

A

L3-4

61
Q

In a spinal anaesthetic, what does the need have to pass through before getting to subarachnoid space?

A 
Supraspinous ligament 
Interspinous ligament 
Ligamentum flavum 
Epidural space 
Dura mater
Arachnoid matter
Subarachnoid space (CSF) - hear little pop
62
Q

In an epidural anaesthetic, what does the needle have to pass through before reaching the epidural space?

A

Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Epidural space

63
Q

What does blockage or sympathetic tone to arterioles in lower limb cause?

A

Vasodilation

64
Q

What suggests a spinal anaesthetic is working?

A

Skin of lower limbs looks flushed
Warm lower limbs
Reduced sweating

65
Q

What does a pudendal nerve block anaesthetise?

A

Majority of perineum

66
Q

What is a pudendal nerve block used for?

A

Episiotomy incision
Forceps use
Perineal stitching post-delivery

67
Q

Describe the course of the pudendal nerve

A

Exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
Passes posterior to sacrospinous ligament
Enters pelvis/perineum via lesser sciatic foramen
Travels in pudendal canal
Branches to supply structures of perineum

68
Q

Where is an episiotomy incision made?

A

Posterolateral (or mediolateral but less common) in ischioanal fossa

69
Q

Where do the external obliques attach?

A

Lower ribs (5-12)
Iliac crest
Pubic tubercle
Linea alba

70
Q

In what direction do external oblique fibres run?

A

Same as external intercostals - hands in pockets

71
Q

Where do the internal obliques attach?

A

Lower ribs
Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Lines alba

72
Q

In what direction do the internal oblique fibres run?

A

Same direction as internal intercostals

Perpendicular to external obliques

73
Q

Where does the transversus abdominis attach?

A

Lower ribs
Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Linea alba

74
Q

What is the recluse abdominis made up of?

A

3 or 4 smaller muscles to improve ,each animal efficiency

75
Q

Where does the Linea alba extend?

A

From xiphoid process to pubis symphysis

76
Q

What layer does the refutes sheath lie deep to?

A

Superficial fascia

77
Q

Nerve supply to the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

7th-11th intercostal nerves becoming the thoracoabdominal nerves

78
Q

Blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Superior epigastric arteries and inferior epigastric arteries

79
Q

What is the inferior epigastric artery a branch of?

A

The external iliac artery

80
Q

What is the superior epigastric artery a continuation of?

A

The internal thoracic artery

81
Q

Blood supply of the lateral abdominal wall?

A

Intercostal and subcostal arteries

82
Q

What is an LSCS?

A

Lower segment Caesarean section

83
Q

Layers needing opening when doing LSCS?

A 
Skin and fascia 
Anterior rectus sheath 
Rectus abdominis - pulled apart not cut 
Fascia and peritoneum 
Retract bladder 
Uterine wall
Amniotic sac
84
Q

What is a laparotomy?

A

A midline incision

85
Q

Does a laparotomy heal better /worse

A

Not a good because quite bloodless so increased chance of wound complications

86
Q

What is laparoscopy?

A

Key-whole

87
Q

Anatomically where is inferior epigastric artery?

A

Emerges medial to deep inguinal ring - half way between ASIS and pubic tubercle
Passes in superomedial direction posterior to rectus abdominis

88
Q

What is an abdominal hysterectomy

A

Removal of uterus via incision in abdo wall

89
Q

What is a vaginal hysterectomy?

A

Removal of uterus via vagina

90
Q

Where is ureter in relation to uterine artery?

A

Ureter passes inferior to artery

91
Q

What 3 layers make up the pelvic floor?

A

Pelvic diaphragm
Muscles of perineal pouches
Perineal membrane

92
Q

What muscle groups does the pelvic diaphragm contain?

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus

93
Q

What is the anterior gap in the pelvic diaphragm called and what passes through it?

A

Urogenital hiatus

Urethra and vagina

94
Q

What does the levator ani attach to?

A

Pubic bones
Ischial spines
Tendinous arch of levator ani

95
Q

What 3 parts make up the levator ani?

A

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

96
Q

The levator ani must relax/contract to allow urination and defaecation?

A

Relax

97
Q

Innervation of levator ani?

A

Pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani

98
Q

Where is the deep perineal pouch?

A

Below fascia covering inferior aspect of pelvic diaphragm

Above perineal membrane

99
Q

What does the deep perineal pouch contain?

A 
Part of urethra
Vagina in females 
Bulbourethral glands in male 
NVB for penis/clitoris 
Extensions of ischioanal fat pads and muscles
100
Q

Where is the perineal membrane?

A

Superficial to the deep perineal pouch

101
Q

Where is the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Below the perineal membrane

102
Q

In males, what does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

A

Root of penis - bulb (corpus spongiosum) , crura (corpus cavernosum)
Bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus
Proximal spongy urethra
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve

103
Q

In females, what does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

A

Female erectile tissue - clitoris and crura ( corpus cavernosum), bulbs of vestibule
Bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus
Greater vestibular glands
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve

104
Q

Lists ways of injury to pelvic floor

A 
Pregnancy 
Childbirth - stretching or tearing/ pudendal nerve damage
Chronic constipation 
Obesity 
Heavy lifting 
Chronic cough or sneeze 
Previous injury to pelvis or pelvic floor 
Menopause
105
Q

Is prolapse common or not?

A

Common

106
Q

What happens in vaginal prolapse?

A

Herniation of urethra, bladder, rectum or recto uterine pouch through supporting fascia

107
Q

How does a vaginal prolapse present?

A

Lump in vaginal wall

108
Q

How does a uterine prolapse present?

A

Dragging sensation or feeling of a lump

109
Q

What is the treatment of a prolapse?

A

Sacrospinous fixation

Incontinence surgery

110
Q

Where does the gonadal artery arise from?

A

L2 abdominal aorta

111
Q

Where does the superior rectal artery arise from?

A

Continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery

112
Q

What is the media umbilical ligament a remnant of?

A

Umbilical artery - connected internal iliac to placenta through umbilical cord

113
Q

What does the internal pudendal nerve terminate as?

A

Dorsal artery

Deep artery of penis (only in males)

114
Q

Where does the anterior scrotal artery come from?

A

External iliac artery

115
Q

Where does venous drainage of lateral pelvic wall occur to?

A

Mainly into internal iliac vein
Some via superior rectal into hepatic portal system
Some via lateral sacral veins into internal vertebral venous plexus

116
Q

Where does superior pelvic viscera lymph drain to?

A

External iliac nodes

117
Q

Where does inferior pelvic viscera lymph drain to ?

A

Deep perineum

Internal iliac nodes

118
Q

Where does superficial perineum lymph drain to?

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

Repro (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions