HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What type of virus is HIV?

A

A retrovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does HIV target?

A

CD4+ receptor sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What cells carry CD4+ receptors?

A

T helper lymphocytes
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Microglial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What effects does HIV have on the immune response?

A
Sequestration of cells in lymphoid tissues - reduces circulating CD4+ cells.
Reduced proliferation of CD4+ cells.
Reduced CD8+ T cell activation.
Reduction in antibody class switching .
Chronic immune activation .
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does chronic immune activation make you more susceptible to?

A

Viral infections
Fungal infections
Mycobacterial infections
Infection-induced cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long after entry is infection established?

A

3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Roughly when does primary HIV infection present?

A

2-4 weeks after infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Presentation of primary HIV infection?

A
Fever 
Rash - maculopapular
Myalgia
Pharyngitis
Headache/ aseptic meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Conditions related to HIV?

A
Pneumocystis pneumonia (pneumocystis jiroveci)
TB
cerebral toxoplasmosis 
Cytomegalovirus 
Skin infections
Associated neurocognitive impairment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Presentation of pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

SOB
Dry cough
Exercise desaturation
Intestinal infiltrates and reticulonodular markings (CXR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia ?

A

High dose co-trimoxazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What TBs are more common with HIV?

A
Symptomatic primary infections 
Re activation of latent TB
Lymphadenopathies 
Miliary TB
Extrapulmonary TB
Multi-drug resistant TB
Immune reconstitution syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is cerebral toxoplasmosis caused by?

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms and signs of cerebral toxoplasmosis?

A
Headache
Fever
Focal neurology
Seizures
Reduced consciousness
Increased ICP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of cytomegalovirus?

A

Retinitis
Colitis
Oesophagitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Presentation of cytomegalovirus?

A
Decreased visual acuity
Floaters
Abdo pain
Diarrhoea
PR bleeding
17
Q

What gets offered to any individual with CD4 <50?

A

Ophthalmic screening

18
Q

Skin infections associated with HIV?

A
Herpes zoster
Herpes simplex
HPV
Penicilliosis
Histoplasmosis
19
Q

What HIV causes HIV associated neurocognitive impairment?

20
Q

Presentation of HIV associated neurocognitive impairment?

A

Declining short term memory +/- motor dysfunction

21
Q

What is HIV associated wasting called?

A

Slims disease

22
Q

Cancers related to AIDS?

A

Kaposis sarcoma
Non-hodgkins lymphoma
Cervical cancer

23
Q

What causes kaposis sarcoma?

A

Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)

24
Q

What is kaposis sarcoma and how does it present?

A

It is a vascular tumour

Cutaneous, mucosal, visceral-pulmonary, GI

25
Treatment of kaposis sarcoma?
HAART Local therapies Systemic chemo
26
Haem manifestations due to HIV and drugs etc
Anaemia | Thrombocytopenia
27
HIV transmission?
Sexual Parenteral - IVDU, infected blood products, iatrogenic Mother to child - in utero/ transplacental, delivery, breast feeding
28
Where is HIV most prevalent ?
Sub-Saharan Africa Caribbean South East Asia
29
What group of people are most at risk of HIV?
MSM
30
What different things can be detected for HIV in the lab?
Viral RNA Antibody Antigen (p24)
31
What does the antibody test for 3rd generation detect?
IgM and IgG - HIV 1 and 2 antibodies
32
What does the antibody test for 4th generation detect?
Combined antibody and antigen (p24)
33
HIV treatment?
Highly active Antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
34
What is involved in HAART?
3 drugs, from at least 2 drug classes
35
How do you prevent mother to child transmission?
HAART during pregnancy Vaginal delivery If undetected viral load - caesarean if detected viral load 4/52 PeP for neonate Exclusive formula feeding
36
HAART aside effects?
``` GI rash, hypersensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Mood, psychosis Proximal renal tubulopathies Osteomalacia Increased MI risk Anaemia Transaminitis, fulminant hepatitis ```