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Repro > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What type of virus is HIV?

A

A retrovirus

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2
Q

What does HIV target?

A

CD4+ receptor sites

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3
Q

What cells carry CD4+ receptors?

A

T helper lymphocytes
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Microglial cells

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4
Q

What effects does HIV have on the immune response?

A 
Sequestration of cells in lymphoid tissues - reduces circulating CD4+ cells.
Reduced proliferation of CD4+ cells.
Reduced CD8+ T cell activation.
Reduction in antibody class switching .
Chronic immune activation .
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5
Q

What does chronic immune activation make you more susceptible to?

A

Viral infections
Fungal infections
Mycobacterial infections
Infection-induced cancers

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6
Q

How long after entry is infection established?

A

3 days

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7
Q

Roughly when does primary HIV infection present?

A

2-4 weeks after infection

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8
Q

Presentation of primary HIV infection?

A 
Fever 
Rash - maculopapular
Myalgia
Pharyngitis
Headache/ aseptic meningitis
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9
Q

Conditions related to HIV?

A 
Pneumocystis pneumonia (pneumocystis jiroveci)
TB
cerebral toxoplasmosis 
Cytomegalovirus 
Skin infections
Associated neurocognitive impairment
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10
Q

Presentation of pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

SOB
Dry cough
Exercise desaturation
Intestinal infiltrates and reticulonodular markings (CXR)

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11
Q

Treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia ?

A

High dose co-trimoxazole

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12
Q

What TBs are more common with HIV?

A 
Symptomatic primary infections 
Re activation of latent TB
Lymphadenopathies 
Miliary TB
Extrapulmonary TB
Multi-drug resistant TB
Immune reconstitution syndrome
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13
Q

What is cerebral toxoplasmosis caused by?

A

Toxoplasma Gondii

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14
Q

Symptoms and signs of cerebral toxoplasmosis?

A 
Headache
Fever
Focal neurology
Seizures
Reduced consciousness
Increased ICP
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15
Q

Causes of cytomegalovirus?

A

Retinitis
Colitis
Oesophagitis

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16
Q

Presentation of cytomegalovirus?

A 
Decreased visual acuity
Floaters
Abdo pain
Diarrhoea
PR bleeding
17
Q

What gets offered to any individual with CD4 <50?

A

Ophthalmic screening

18
Q

Skin infections associated with HIV?

A 
Herpes zoster
Herpes simplex
HPV
Penicilliosis
Histoplasmosis
19
Q

What HIV causes HIV associated neurocognitive impairment?

A

HIV 1

20
Q

Presentation of HIV associated neurocognitive impairment?

A

Declining short term memory +/- motor dysfunction

21
Q

What is HIV associated wasting called?

A

Slims disease

22
Q

Cancers related to AIDS?

A

Kaposis sarcoma
Non-hodgkins lymphoma
Cervical cancer

23
Q

What causes kaposis sarcoma?

A

Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)

24
Q

What is kaposis sarcoma and how does it present?

A

It is a vascular tumour

Cutaneous, mucosal, visceral-pulmonary, GI

25
Q

Treatment of kaposis sarcoma?

A

HAART
Local therapies
Systemic chemo

26
Q

Haem manifestations due to HIV and drugs etc

A

Anaemia

Thrombocytopenia

27
Q

HIV transmission?

A

Sexual
Parenteral - IVDU, infected blood products, iatrogenic
Mother to child - in utero/ transplacental, delivery, breast feeding

28
Q

Where is HIV most prevalent ?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa
Caribbean
South East Asia

29
Q

What group of people are most at risk of HIV?

A

MSM

30
Q

What different things can be detected for HIV in the lab?

A

Viral RNA
Antibody
Antigen (p24)

31
Q

What does the antibody test for 3rd generation detect?

A

IgM and IgG - HIV 1 and 2 antibodies

32
Q

What does the antibody test for 4th generation detect?

A

Combined antibody and antigen (p24)

33
Q

HIV treatment?

A

Highly active Antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

34
Q

What is involved in HAART?

A

3 drugs, from at least 2 drug classes

35
Q

How do you prevent mother to child transmission?

A

HAART during pregnancy
Vaginal delivery If undetected viral load - caesarean if detected viral load
4/52 PeP for neonate
Exclusive formula feeding

36
Q

HAART aside effects?

A 
GI
rash, hypersensitivity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome 
Mood, psychosis
Proximal renal tubulopathies
Osteomalacia
Increased MI risk
Anaemia 
Transaminitis, fulminant hepatitis

Repro (39 decks)

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