Physiology Flashcards
What is anatomy?
the structure of organs and tissues within an animal
What is physiology?
the function of those organs and tissues
What is the common integument?
the skin
What are the seven function of the skin?
protection, immune defense, tactile sensing of the environment, thermoregulation, storage and excretion, communication and camouflage, selective permeability
Mechanoreceptors?
respond to physical stimulation
Bulbous corpuscle?
(Ruffini ending) sense when the skin stretches
Bulboid corpuscle?
(Krause end bulb) - sense coldness
Tactile corpuscle?
(Meissner corpuscle) Change in texture and slow vibrations
Lamella corpuscle?
(Pacinian corpuscle) pressure and fast vibrations
Discoid terminal free nerve ending?
(Merkel disc) sustained during touch and pressure
Three types of receptors?
mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, thermoreceptors
Nociceptors?
free nerve endings can act as nociceptors, pain
Thermoreceptors?
free nerve endings, heat specific ones and cold specific ones
What internal parameters do animals need to control?
temp, pH, electrolytes, water, blood gases (O2 CO2) Blood pressure and cardiovascular functions, hormonal responses etc.
What temperatures do biological processes require?
optimum temps
Endotherms?
derive heat from internal metabolic processes
Homeotherms?
maintain internal temperature within a narrow range
If you are an endotherm, you are also a?
homeotherm
Ectotherms?
derive heat from external environment sources e,g. basking
Poikilotherms?
variable temperature as unable to maintain internally
Animals that are ecotherms are also?
poikilotherms
Mammals and birds are what type of ‘therm’?
Homeotherms
too cold?
HYPOthermia
Hypothermia?
mild –> 32-37
moderate –> 28-32
severe –> <28
(these values are for exposure related hypothermia)