Intro to Vet Anatomy Flashcards
Lect 1 Week 1 Basu
Towards head
Cranial
Towards rear end
Caudal
Cranial but a continuation towards the nose is…
rostral - so back of head would be considered caudal
Top of body (back of a dog/cat etc)
Dorsal
Bottom of body (belly, undercarriage)
Ventral
Proximal and distal are both…
a direction and a region. FOR LIMBS
Proximal (in terms of direction)
towards the top of the limb
Distal (in terms of direction)
towards the bottom of the limb
Proximal (in terms of region)
The part of the limb that runs from the top down to the carpus (in front legs/forelimb) OR tarsus (hind limb)
e.g. on humans, proximal would be from the shoulder to the wrist and the hip to the ankle
Distal (in terms of region)
Defined from the carpus/tarsus down to the toes
e.g. humans would be from ankle/wrist to fingers/toes
Proximal limb - towards head?
cranial
Distal forelimb - towards head?
Dorsal
Distal hind limb - towards head?
Dorsal
Proximal limb - towards rear end?
Caudal
Distal forelimb - towards rear end?
palmar
Distal hind limb - towards rear end
plantar
Looking at an animal front on, towards the middle?
medial
Looking at an animal front on, towards their sides?
lateral
What are axial and abaxial used to describe?
features on a limb
Close to the axis of the limb?
Axial e.g horses have two toes, the inside of the two toes would be axial
Away from the axis of the limb?
Abaxial e.g. a horse has two toes (hoof section is split) and the outside of those toes would be considered abaxial.
What plane divides the animal in two, separating left from right
Sagittal plane
If the sagittal plane runs along the midline then what is it called?
Median plane
What plane divides the animal front from back? Essentially a cross section
Transverse plane
What plane divides the animal top from bottom?
Dorsal plane
Give three examples of carnivores:
cats, dogs, ferrets
Give three examples of ungulates:
equids, ruminants, camelids
Give two examples of equids:
horses, donkeys
Give two examples of ruminants:
cows, giraffes
Give two examples of camelids:
alpacas, llamas
Give two examples of small mammals:
lagomorphs, rodents
Give an example of a lagomorph:
rabbit
Give three examples of a rodent:
rats, guinea pigs, chinchillas
Give three examples of a reptile:
Lizards, Chelonia, Snakes
Give an example of a Chelonia:
tortoises
Give two examples of Artiodactyls:
cows, pigs
How many toes do pigs and cows have?
COW - 2
PIGS - 4
Artiodactyls have an even number of toes
How many toes do equids have and how many toes do carnivores have?
Equids = 1
Carnivores = 4/5
What anatomical differences occur between different species?
differences in alimentary tract (stomach) and appendicular skeleton
What is a hindgut fermenter?
fermentation occurs in large intestine
Give examples of hindgut fermenters?
horses, rabbits, some rodents (guinea pigs), some non-human primates
What animals have compound stomachs?
Ruminants (cows, sheep, giraffes)
Camelids (alpacas, llamas)
What animal are rhinos closely related to?
horses
Is a Rhino a hindgut or foregut fermenter?
hindgut, just like a horse
