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STRUC+FUNC 2 (vet) > Digestive System GIT - Ruminants > Flashcards

Digestive System GIT - Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the oesophagus located?

A

begins at the pharynx, descends dorsal to trachea to the middle of the neck

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2
Q

in the midneck, where does the oesophagus lie?

A

lies on the left dorsolateral aspect of the trachea, then regaining a median position above the trachea

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3
Q

after the midneck, where is the oesophagus located?

A

it continues beyond the tracheal bifurcation then passes over the heart before penetrating the oesophageal hiatus

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4
Q

what are the primary locations for oesophageal foreign body?

A

the cervical region, thoracic inlet, base of the heart, hiatus of the diaphragm and cardia of the rumen

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5
Q

antiperistalsis?

A

reversed peristalsis

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6
Q

what is the tunica muscularis of the oesophagus capable of?

A

capable of reversed peristalsis

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7
Q

the tunica muscularis (of oesophagus) is entirely … muscle in ruminant and dog?

A

skeletal

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8
Q

the tunica muscularis (of oesophagus) is entirely … muscle in human and chicken?

A

smooth muscle

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9
Q

what type of muscle is the tunica muscularis (in the oesophagus) for horse and cat?

A

it is smooth muscle for the distal third but the rest is skeletal muscle

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10
Q

what makes up the forestomach of ruminants?

A

rumen (reticulum), omasum, abomasum (glandular)

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11
Q

proventriculi?

A

forestomach

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12
Q

what kind of fermenters are ruminants?

A

foregut

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13
Q

size of reticulum compared to the ruminoreticular compartment?

A

small

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14
Q

what does the reticulum serve as?

A

serves as a pump that allows liquid to flow into and out of the rumen

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15
Q

where are the rumen and reticulum located?

A

they occupy the entire left part of the abdominal cavity, extending from the diaphragm at about 7th rib to pelvis

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16
Q

where does the reticulum lie?

A

medial to the 6th to 8th ribs on the left side with the cranial wall at about the level of the elbow

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17
Q

what is the rumen divided into?

A

it is partially divided into sacs

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18
Q

what is the right surface of the forestomach covered by?

A

by the lesser omentum

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19
Q

where does the omasum lie?

A

in the lower part of the cranial abdomen between reticulum and abomasum
the cranial rumen is to the left and the liver on the right

20
Q

where does the abomasum lie?

A

largely on the abdominal floor at about the midline

21
Q

what does the abomasum have? which portions have this?

A

fundus, the body and pyloric portion

22
Q

inside the forestomach, explain the grooves?

A

the grooves correspond with thickened smooth muscle pillars

23
Q

what do ruminal pillars divide? what other name do they have?

A

they divide the dorsal and ventral ruminal sacs
(longitudinal groove/pillar)

24
Q

what do the coronary pillars divide?

A

the caudal blind sacs

25
Q

what does the caudal pillar separate?

A

the blind sacs

26
Q

what does the cranial pillar divide?

A

the dorsal and cranial sacs

27
Q

what kind of papillae are in the forestomach?

A

peg like mucosal projections

28
Q

structure of omasum?

A

it forms leaf-like folds, or foliae

29
Q

folds on the omasum in the forestomach?

A

increases surface area and allows absorption of VFA’s

30
Q

why does the internal part of the forestomach vary?

A

according to age, diet and location

31
Q

slide 11

A
32
Q

is the oesophagus-tunica muscularis entirely skeletal in cows and dogs?

A

yes

33
Q

at which location does the oesophagus of the cow enter at?

A

7th ICS

34
Q

ICS?

A

ileocolonic sphincter

35
Q

can the gastric groove be mimicked by drugs in older animals?

A

yes

36
Q

does the omasum have the fundus, body and pyloric portion?

A

no - the abamasum does though

37
Q

reticulum?

A

distinctive pattern formed by ridges that outlines 4-5 sided cells

38
Q

which compartment of the stomach is covered with the lesser omentum?

A

omasum

39
Q

which compartment of the stomach is largest at birth?

A

abomasum

40
Q

what is not a function of the omentum?

A

digestive

41
Q

can the omentum adhere to adjustant structures, which are used in abdominal surgery to seal tissue?

A

yes

42
Q

do omental sheets ec,se the sace named the epiploic foramen

A
43
Q

which part of the large colon is modified?

A

ascending

44
Q

which cranial nerve controls the contractions of the rumen and reticulum?

A

vagus

45
Q

what kind of fermenters are cows?

A

foregut

46
Q

what is the function of the enteric nervous system?

A

interacts with intestinal microbes
interacts with intestinal immiune systems
interacts with endocrine systems
helps to maintain mucosal defence barrier function

47
Q
A

STRUC+FUNC 2 (vet) (23 decks)

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