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STRUC+FUNC 2 (vet) > Oral Anatomy - Tongue > Flashcards

Oral Anatomy - Tongue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mouth also known as?

A

The oral cavity

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2
Q

What is the oral cavity?

A

Space enclosed by the lips and cheeks, filled with tongue

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3
Q

What is the pharynx? (in simplest terms)

A

the throat

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4
Q

What is the oral cavity proper?

A

between teeth (communicates with pharynx)

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5
Q

What is the oral vestibule?

A

between teeth and cheek (LATIN -labial, buccal)
When you blow your cheek, the space that you get is the oral vestibule

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6
Q

What are the cheeks?

A

the lateral wall of the mouth formed mainly by the buccinator muscle

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7
Q

What do the lips bind?

A

the oral fissure (mouth)

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8
Q

What makes the mouth a very sensitive tactile organ?

A

It is innervated by sensory fibres
The nerve fibres actually go to the lips

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9
Q

What do the lips help young animals with?

A

creating a seal around the teat

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10
Q

What are the glands called that are found in the lips?

A

labial glands

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11
Q

Describe the mobility of the lips on horse, sheep and dogs?

A

soft and flexible

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12
Q

Describe the mobility of the lips on cows and pigs?

A

stiff and less mobile

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13
Q

What is the palate?

A

the roof of the oral cavity

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14
Q

what does the palate do?

A

it separates the digestive and respiratory systems

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15
Q

What are the two types of palate?

A

the hard and the soft palate

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16
Q

What does the hard palate divide?

A

it divides the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

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17
Q

During swallowing, what is the job of the soft palate?

A

the soft palate closes the nasal passage

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18
Q

Which palate is the rostral part?

A

the hard palate
means that it is the one that is closer to the nose

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19
Q

Musculomucosal

A

muscles covered with mucous membrane

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20
Q

What does a soft palate make animals?

A

obligatory nose breathers

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21
Q

What is the name of the ‘mound’ on the hard palate near the front of the mouth, behind the teeth? (pumpkin has a very obvious one)

A

The incisive papillae

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22
Q

Why does the incisive papillae have this name?

A

because it is found on the incisive bone

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23
Q

What bones make up the hard palate?

A

the palatine, maxillary and incisive bone

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24
Q

what are the bones (that make up the hard palate) covered in?

A

a mucous membrane

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25
Q

Why is the hard palate keratinised?

A

for protection

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26
Q

Describe the texture of the hard palate and what is the function of this texture?

A

It has ridges, this is to help grip food and helps to move it around

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27
Q

What is the use of the incisive papillae?

A

it aids the senses of smell and taste and is an olfactory receptor for sexual stimuli

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28
Q

vomer?

A

small thin bone, separating left and right side of the nasal cavity

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29
Q

What does the incisive papilla open into?

A

the incisive duct that links the mouth with the nasal cavity

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30
Q

What is the hard palate covered with?

A

keratinised epithelium

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31
Q

What is the hard palate strengthened by?

A

a small plate of cartilage

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32
Q

what organ connects with the vomer?

A

vomeronasal organ

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33
Q

Describe the vomeronasal organ?

A

it is a tubular structure

34
Q

What is the vomeronasal organ a part of?

A

part of the accessory olfactory system

35
Q

What is the hard palate responsible for?

A

semiochemical signal detection (pheromones)

36
Q

What type of epithelium covers the hard palate?

A

stratified squamous epithelium, keratinised

37
Q

What type of epithelium covers the tongue?

A

the core muscle is covered by stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

What bone(s) is the tongue attached to?

A

the hyoid bone and mandible
HENCE mobile

39
Q

The surface of the tongue has a large number of projections - what are these called?

A

papillae & taste buds

40
Q

What is the function of the lyssa?

A

allows dogs to create a cradle with their tongue so that they can drink because dogs can’t seal their mouths when they are drinking

41
Q

What is the lyssa?

A

it is the structure in the central midline-cord of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue surrounded by dense connective tissue
(the line down the middle of their tongue)

42
Q

Which animals have a lyssa?

A

cats, dogs and horses (but not as obviously - a horses isn’t as cartilaginous)

43
Q

What are the two types of tongue papillae?

A

Mechanical or Gustatory papillae

44
Q

What are the four types of mechanical papillae?

A

Filiform, Conical, Marginal, Lenticular

45
Q

Describe filiform papillae:

A

Hair-like structures on the dorsal surface; grips food (we have them as well)

46
Q

Describe conical papillae:

A

larger than filiform, less frequent, covers torus linguae and provides traction for movement of food

47
Q

What type of mechanical papillae is not found in horses?

A

Conical

48
Q

What is the torus lingua?

A

apex/tip of tongue
Dorsum of the tongue

49
Q

Describe the marginal papillae:

A

only found in newborn carnivores and piglets –> it aids in suckling

50
Q

Describe the lenticular papillae:

A

Hard due to the heavy keratinisation - only found in ox

51
Q

What are the three types of gustatory papillae?

A

Fungiform, Vallate, Foliate

52
Q

Describe the fungiform papillae:

A

Found among filiform, over the rostral two thirds of the dorsum of the tongue, mushroom shaped
To do with the taste

53
Q

Describe the Vallate papillae:

A

between the body and root of the tongue; large circular projections surrounded by a deep groove

54
Q

Describe the Foliate papillae:

A

At the same level as the other gustatory papillae but on the edges of the tongue, found in horse and pigs (but rarely cattle)

55
Q

Which types of muscles in the tongue are actually connected to the bones?

A

The extrinsic ones, these lie parallel to the bones

56
Q

What are the two types of muscles located in the tongue?

A

Intrinsic m.
Extrinsic m.

57
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles found in the tongue?

A

Muscle fibres orientated in three directions: longitudinal, transverse and vertical

58
Q

Which muscles form the tongue proper?

A

intrinsic m.

59
Q

What is the tongue proper made up of?

A

curl, groove, bend

60
Q

Latin name for the intrinsic m.?

A

Lingualis Proprius

61
Q

What is the tongue proper?

A

the actual tongue

62
Q

What are the three important extrinsic muscles called? (you need to know their function)

A

Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus

63
Q

How many pairs of extrinsic muscles are there?

A

3 pairs

64
Q

Of what origin are the three pairs of extrinsic muscles?

A

osseous origin

65
Q

What cranial nerve number is hypoglossal nerve?

A

it is cranial nerve number 12
(CN XII)

66
Q

Describe the tongue’s innervation:

A

it is complex (motor and sensory)

67
Q

What is the tongue innervated by?

A

By cranial nerves that originate from the brain

68
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve supply?

A

supplies both the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

69
Q

Damage to the hypoglossal nerve would result in?

A

paralysis of the tongue

70
Q

What are the two types of innervation in the tongue?

A

motor and sensory

71
Q

Which nerve controls the motor innervation?

A

hypoglossal nerve

72
Q

For the rostral 2/3 part of the tongue, what nerve is used for sensation?

A

Linguinal nerve branch of mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

73
Q

What is the cranial nerve number for the trigeminal nerve?

A

CN V
Cranial nerve 5

74
Q

For the rostral 2/3 part of the tongue, what nerve is responsible for taste?

A

Chorda tympani branch of the Facial nerve

75
Q

What is the cranial nerve number for the facial nerve?

A

Cranial nerve number 7
CN VII

76
Q

For the caudal 1/3 of the tongue, what nerve is responsible for the taste and general sensation?

A

The Glossopharyngeal nerve

77
Q

What is the cranial nerve number for the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

cranial nerve 9
CN IX

78
Q

What nerve is responsible for the additional innervation in the caudal 1/3 of the tongue?

A

The vagal nerve

79
Q

What is the cranial nerve number for the vagal nerve?

A

Cranial nerve 10
CN X

80
Q

torus lingua

A

cow

STRUC+FUNC 2 (vet) (23 decks)

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