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STRUC+FUNC 2 (vet) > Oral Cavity Anatomy - Teeth > Flashcards

Oral Cavity Anatomy - Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

What is the teeth anatomy arranged into?

A

Two dental arcades

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2
Q

What are the two dental arcades associated with?

A

one is associated with the mandible and the other is associated with the incisive and maxillary bones

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3
Q

Meaning of heterodont?

A

They have different types of teeth

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4
Q

What types of teeth are there? (heterodont)

A

I, C, PM, M
(incisors, canines, pre-molars and molars)

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5
Q

Mammals are…

A

diphyodont

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6
Q

Meaning of diphyodont?

A

two types of teeth

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7
Q

What are the two types of teeth that ‘diphyodonts’ have?

A

permanent and deciduous (I, C, PM only)

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8
Q

For the teeth anatomy, what do we see in farm animals?

A

Diastema in farm animals AND RABBITS

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9
Q

What equine, what is the diastema known as?

A

interdental space

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10
Q

Diastema?

A

nothing is wrong, there is just a gap

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11
Q

What anchors the tooth?

A

the root, it is anchored in a socket of bone called alveolar bone/alveolus

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12
Q

What is the basic anatomy of the dental unit?

A

Crown, neck and then the root

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13
Q

What is the neck of the tooth?

A

it is found between the crown and the root and is a constricted region just below the ginigival line

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14
Q

What is the lamina dura also known as?

A

cribriform plate

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15
Q

What is the lamina dura?

A

it is the thin shell of dense bone lining the alveoli

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16
Q

What do teeth consist of?

A

Enamel, Dentine, Cementum and Pulp

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17
Q

What is the pulp cavity?

A

The central space of the tooth containing pulp-soft tissue with nerves, vessels, lymphatics

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18
Q

What is the periodontium?

A

The connective tissue that attaches root to the bone

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19
Q

What are the four defined structures that the periodontal tissues include?

A

Gingiva, cementum, alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament

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20
Q

What does the periodontal ligament do?

A

attaches the tooth to the bone
acts like a shock absorber

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21
Q

What is the periodontal ligament?

A

interconnected interwoven bundle of fibres, anchored to the cementum and bone

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22
Q

Name the two types of teeth:

A

Brachydont
Hypsodont

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23
Q

Describe the Brachydont tooth:

A

smaller and low crowned
it has a constricted neck at the gum line
It has a true root

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24
Q

What type of feeding is the brachydont suitable for?

A

feeding on soft diet; dogs, cats, ferrets and pig etc.

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25
Q

Describe the hypsodont tooth:

A

larger crown that can resist wear and tear
It has an open root or closed root

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26
Q

meaning of aradicular or radicular?

A

aradicular - open root
radicular - closed roots

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27
Q

type of feeding that hypsodont is suitable for and which animals have this type of tooth?

A

can resist the wear and tear of feeding on tough and fibrous diet as in ungulates; horse all permanent teeth (except canines) , ruminant cheek teeth, lagomorphs, tusks of pig (canine teeth)

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28
Q

What type of teeth do rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas and degus have?

A

They have aradicular hypsodont teeth

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29
Q

What is the hardest and most mineralised substance in the body?

A

Enamel

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30
Q

Is enamel cellular/acellular?

A

acellular

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31
Q

Because enamel is acellular, what does this mean?

A

it cannot regenerate

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31
Q

What is the exception to enamel’s inability to regenerate?

A

swine canine teeth

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32
Q

describe the innervation/vascularisation of enamel:

A

no nerve or blood supply

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33
Q

For a brachydont, explain the enamel cover:

A

enamel covers the external surface of the crown

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34
Q

For a hypsodont, explain the enamel cover:

A

Covers the entire body of the tooth, but not the root

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35
Q

what does folding of the enamel create?

A

peripheral and infundibular enamel

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36
Q

What produces enamel?

A

ameloblasts

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37
Q

Histologically, what is enamel composed of?

A

long, slender rods

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38
Q

What is Dentin?

A

it forms the bulk of the tooth, it is hard, substance-like bone

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39
Q

what does dentin surround?

A

the pulp cavity

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40
Q

where does secondary dentin form?

A

forms at the periphery of exposed pulp cavity

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41
Q

How does dentin respond to trauma?

A

reparative or tertiary dentine is formed

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42
Q

What are odontoblasts?

A

the cells that continuously deposit the dentine

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43
Q

Where are odontoblasts found?

A

next to the pulp cavity

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44
Q

When are odontoblasts active?

A

they remain active throughout life

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45
Q

Describe the structure of the cementum?

A

it is the least hard of all, thin bonelike layer

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46
Q

what attaches the cementum to a bone and which bone is it attached to?

A

attached to the alveolar bone by the periodontal ligament

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47
Q

Describe the coverage of the cementum on a brachydont:

A

covers the root only

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48
Q

Describe where cementum is found on hypsodont teeth:

A

fills the infundibula of hypsodont teeth and covers the entire tooth

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49
Q

Why is equine cementum unique?

A

because it is vascular and innervated - and deposition continues throughout the life of the tooth

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50
Q

What is the gingiva/gums?

A

the name for the oral mucosa that covers the tooth

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51
Q

which one (of the four) of the periodontal tissues is normally seen in the mouth?

A

the gingiva/gums

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52
Q

where is the cementoenamel junction found?

A

borderline between the crown and root(s)

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53
Q

what is the CEJ?

A

The cementoenamel junction

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54
Q

what types of gingiva are there?

A

attached and free gingiva

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55
Q

What are attached gingiva attached to?

A

firmly attached to the underlying periosteum of the alveolar bone

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56
Q

where are free gingiva found?

A

adopted to the tooth surface

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57
Q

what is the gingival crevice also known as?

A

the sulcus

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58
Q

at what point in the mouth do the cells in the epithelium of the gum adhere to the tooth enamel?

A

at the gingival crevice

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59
Q

what forms a tight seal?

A

the adherence of the gingiva to the tooth

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60
Q

what are incisors adapted for?

A

for grasping, pinching, scratching and nipping

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61
Q

uses of canines?

A

‘weapons’ –> tearing flesh during hunting and fighting

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62
Q

what do premolars have that molars do not?

A

they have deciduous precursors

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63
Q

which premolars have deciduous precursors?

A

rostral cheek teeth

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64
Q

description of molars?

A

flattened and triangular with jagged edges

65
Q

function of molars?

A

like serrated-edged blades

66
Q

what teeth in particular are used for shearing and grinding?

A

upper P4 & lower M1

67
Q

what is the vestibular surface of the tooth?

A

the surface of the tooth that is facing the vestibule/lips
(labial - incisors+canine
buccal - molars+premolars)

68
Q

palatal?

A

refers to the lingual surface of the maxillary teeth

69
Q

what is the lingual surface of the maxillary or mandibular tooth?

A

the surface facing the tongue

70
Q

what collective name refers to the surfaces of the tooth face next to another tooth in the same row(?)

A

interproximal

70
Q

What is the occlusal surface of the tooth?

A

the portion of the tooth that comes in contact or faces the opposite tooth (PM or M)

71
Q

Meaning of the mesial surface?

A

surfaces of the incisor teeth that are toward the middle or median plane of the mouth
- rostral surface of the canine, premolar and molar teeth

71
Q

Distal surface meaning?

A

surface of the incisor teeth that are AWAY FROM the middle or median plane of the mouth
- caudal surfaces of the canine, premolar and molar teeth

71
Q

meaning of coronal?

A

the term relating toward the occlusal surface (crown of the tooth)

72
Q

how many teeth do pigs have?

A

44 permanent teeth

72
Q

meaning of apical?

A

towards the apex (root) of the tooth

73
Q

what teeth are pigs born with?

A

needle teeth

74
Q

which ones are the needle teeth?

A

the deciduous I3 and the canines

75
Q

which tusk is larger?

A

lower one

76
Q

describe the growth of the canines:

A

continuously grow

77
Q

which teeth are the canine of a pig?

A

the tusk

78
Q

what is the upper arcade of a pig?

A

I - 3 C - 1 P - 4 M - 3

79
Q

What is the lower arcade of the pig?

A

same

80
Q

what is found on the occlusal surface of the molars?

A

numerous tubercles

81
Q

how many teeth do dogs have? what teeth are they missing?

A

42
the upper M3

82
Q

Which teeth are the longest teeth in dogs?

A

canines

83
Q

which are the carnassial teeth?

A

they are the biggest pair of shearing teeth
Upper PM4 & lower M1

84
Q

upper and lower arcade of a dog?

A

I - 3 C - 1 P - 4 M - 2 (upper arcade)
3 1 4 3 (lower arcade)

85
Q

in dogs, how does eruption time differ?

A

it differs between breeds

86
Q

describe the root situation for the incisors of dogs?

A

all incisors have a single root

87
Q

size of the root of the canine?

A

root of canine is large, it is larger than the crown

88
Q

which teeth in dogs have two roots? What is the exception?

A

PMs and Ms
HOWEVER
PM1s have a SINGLE root
Upper PM4 + two upper M1, M2 have THREE roots
Lower M3 has SINGLE root

89
Q

Describe ruminant teeth:

A

dental pad, NO upper incisors or canines

90
Q

in ruminants, what are canines assimilated to?

A

incisors

91
Q

the incisors and canines in ruminants are what type of tooth?

A

brachydont

92
Q

the premolars and molars in ruminants are what type of tooth?

A

hypsodont

93
Q

size of the diastema in ruminants?

A

large

94
Q

describe the dental pad of ruminants:

A

thick stratum corneum (II) and well developed papillae of connective tissue

95
Q

what is the stratum corneum?

A

the outermost layer of the epidermis

96
Q

What happens to a horses hypsodont teeth?

A

they undergo continuous wear and slowly erupt

97
Q

describe a horses’ incisors:

A

high crowns with single root

98
Q

describe the incisors in a younger horse:

A

they are curved
(convex on their labial aspect - concave on their lingual aspect)

99
Q

describe a horses canine, in a mare:

A

often small and may not erupt

100
Q

in a made, deciduous canines are often…

A

absent

101
Q

in horses, describe the development of roots?

A

delayed
and they have closed roots

102
Q

describe the large cheek teeth in a horse:

A

have a rough occlusal surface that acts as a grinding surface for fibrous feeds

103
Q

which ones are the ‘wolf teeth’ in horses?

A

P1 - they are vestigial and often lacking

104
Q

which teeth form a continuous surface in horses?

A

the premolars and the molars

105
Q

PM2-PM4 and M1-M3 –> how many roots in upper and lower jaw?

A

3 roots in upper jaw and 2 roots in lower jaw

106
Q

what separates the molars from the sinus in a horse? what does this result in?

A

a thin plate of alveolar bone - infection may easily spread to the sinus from tooth or alveolar abscesses

107
Q

RMS?

A

rostral maxillary sinus

108
Q

describe the cheek teeth on the maxillary arcade in a horse:

A

they have 2 infundibulae, which are deep infoldings of enamel filled with cementum in the center of the teeth

109
Q

describe the mandibular cheek teeth in a horse:

A

same pattern of infoldings’invaginations as cheek teeth on the maxillary arcade BUT NO infundibulum

110
Q

which teeth have complicated folding of enamel in horses?

A

the incisors and maxillary cheek teeth

111
Q

what causes the appearance of the occlusal surface to change in horses?

A

as teeth continually erupt and wear down

112
Q

tissues wear at…

A

varying rates

113
Q

what is an infundibulum?

A

a cup/funnel shaped invagination of enamel

114
Q

what does secondary dentin form in a horse?

A

it forms dental stars on worn surface of tooth

115
Q

what does wear of a horses tooth result in?

A

causes the cup to get smaller and eventually disappear from all lower incisors, leaving the enamel spot in its place

116
Q

what is infundibulum called colloquially (in teeth)?

A

a cup

117
Q

what does infundibulum look like, and why?

A

looks like a dark mark, because food gets packed inside and turns black as it decays

118
Q

what is infundibulum partly filled with and what does this result in?

A

partly filled with cement, leaving a small cavity

119
Q

what does the infundibulum not connect with?

A

the pulp cavity

120
Q

when secondary dentin is formed in the infundibulum, what does it overly?

A

pulp horn (dark brown D2)

121
Q

How many roots do maxillary cheek teeth have? What are these roots?

A

3
2 buccal and 1 palatial

122
Q

how many infundibulae do maxillary cheek teeth have? What are these called?

A

they have two: a mesial and distal infundibulum

123
Q

how many roots do the madibular cheek teeth have and what are they?

A

has 2 roots, they are rostral and caudal roots

124
Q

mandibular cheek teeth have no infundibulae, hence?

A

much narrower bucco-lingually

125
Q

how many pulp horns do equine cheek teeth have?

A

either 5 or 6 pulp horns each

126
Q

in which direction do pulp horn run?

A

run towards chewing surface

127
Q

what order do rabbits belong to?

A

order of lagomorpha

128
Q

why do rabbits belong to lagomorpha?

A

because of two small second incisors behind the maxillary incisors

129
Q

in rabbits, what are the two small second incisors also known as?

A

peg teeth or Rudimentary incisor

130
Q

how many incisor pairs do rabbits have?

A

three pairs of incisors: two upper and one lower

131
Q

what shape do rabbits incisors have?

A

chisel shaped

132
Q

describe the enamel distribution around the incisor of a rabbit:

A

it is not distributed uniformly around the tooth, the enamel is thicker on the vestibular aspect and thinner on the lingual aspect

133
Q

what type of teeth are the cheek teeth and both incisors of a rabbit?

A

aradicular hypsodont

134
Q

both incisors and cheek teeth in a rabbit are aradicular hypsodont, what does this mean?

A

meaning that teeth have long anatomic crown, erupt continuously and remain open rooted - they are elodont

135
Q

meaning of elodont?

A

continuously growing, ‘open rooted’
a type of tooth that increases in its height or length on the pulpal axis throughout life

136
Q

what teeth do rabbits not have?

A

canine

137
Q

rabbits have a typical herbivore occlusion, describe it:

A

horizontal occlusal surface with transverse enamel folds for shredding and grinding tough fibrous food

138
Q

do rabbit have diastema?

A

yes

139
Q

What artery is the terminal branch of the external carotid artery?

A

maxillary artery

140
Q

describe the blood supply for the upper teeth:

A

supplied by the infraorbital artery

141
Q

the infraorbital artery is a branch of which blood vessel?

A

maxillary artery

142
Q

describe the blood supply for the lower teeth:

A

lower teeth are supplied by inferior alveolar artery (IAA)

143
Q

Where does the inferior alveolar artery enter the mandible?

A

through the mandibular foramen into mandibular canal

144
Q

IAA?

A

inferior alveolar artery

145
Q

which nerve is cranial nerve 5? (CN V)

A

trigeminal nerve

146
Q

what does the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

it supplies the sensory innervation of the teeth through its maxillary and mandibular divisions

147
Q

describe the innervation of the upper incisor teeth:

A

innervated by infraorbital nerves (maxillary nerve)

148
Q

where does the infraorbital nerve run?

A

runs in the infraorbital canal

149
Q

describe the innervation of the mandibular teeth:

A

mandibular teeth are supplied by inferior alveolar nerves (mandibular nerve)

150
Q

where does the inferior alveolar nerve (mandibular nerve) run?

A

runs in the mandibular canal

151
Q

which nerve is the maxillary nerve?

A

infraorbital nerve

152
Q

which nerve is the mandibular nerve?

A

the inferior alveolar nerve

153
Q

which teeth don’t have baby teeth?

A

molar

154
Q

diphyodont?

A

just means that there are baby teeth which develop into adult teeth

155
Q
A

STRUC+FUNC 2 (vet) (23 decks)

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