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STRUC+FUNC 2 (vet) > Oral Anatomy - Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Oral Anatomy - Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 functions of the salivary glands?

A

Lubrication + binding
Antibacterial, enzymatic digestion
pH regulation, thermoregulation
Providing urea for protein synthesis in the forestomach

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2
Q

What type of glands are salivary glands?

A

Exocrine glands

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3
Q

What makes salivary glands exocrine glands?

A

The substances are released via ducts

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4
Q

What kind of ducts do major salivary glands go by?

A

Long ducts

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5
Q

What kind of ducts do minor salivary glands go by?

A

short ducts

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6
Q

What are the two types of salivary glands?

A

major and minor

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7
Q

What are the 4 major salivary glands?

A

Parotid, Mandibular, Sublingual salivary gland and Zygomatic gland (in carnivores)

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8
Q

What ‘parts’ of the sublingual salivary glands are classed as major and hence are delivered to the oral cavity via long ducts?

A

Polystomatic part and Monostomatic part

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9
Q

And what part of the zygomatic gland is classed as major and hence are delivered to the oral cavity via long ducts?

A

buccal gland medial to zygomatic arch in carnviores

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10
Q

What are the 4 minor salivary glands?

A

Labial, lingual, buccal and palatine

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11
Q

meaning of lingual?

A

relating to, near or on the side towards the tongue

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12
Q

Describe the salivary gland in which cats have that gets mistaken for a growth:

A

Cats have a fleshy, round, mixed seromucous polystomatic gland lingual to the mandibular first molar

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13
Q

What are salivary glands made up of?

A

secretory acini and ducts

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14
Q

Where do the secretory units originate from?

A

They originate from the oral ectoderm and grow into the underlying mesoderm

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15
Q

What are the secretory acini?

A

They are several different types of secretory acinar cells and myoepithelial cells (MEC)

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16
Q

What are the three types of secretory acinar cells?

A

serous, mucous and seromucous cells

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17
Q

What does serous acinus secrete?

A

in an isotonic watery fluid

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18
Q

What does mucous acinus secrete?

A

Mucin - lubricant

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19
Q

In a mixed serous-mucous acinus, what happens?

A

the serous acinus forms a serous demilune around mucous acinus

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20
Q

What does MEC stand for?

A

myoepithelial cells

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21
Q

What are salivary glands composed of structurally?

A

Composed of lobules of exocrine tubuloacinar glands that secrete into a duct

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22
Q

What do the secretory units merge into?

A

into intercalated ducts

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23
Q

What are the intercalated ducts lined by and what are they surrounded by?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium and surrounded by myoepithelial cells

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24
Q

What are myoepithelial cells (MEC)?

A

They are a unique population of epithelial cells with contractile properties similar to smooth muscle cells

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25
Q

What is secretion mediated by?

A

By contraction of myoepithelial cells that surround acini

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26
Q

Parotid gland - location?

A

it is a paired gland located ventral to the ear

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27
Q

What is the parotid gland innervated by?

A

glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)

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28
Q

Where is the duct of the parotid gland located?

A

its duct extends from the rostral border of the gland in a groove and opens onto a papillae

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29
Q

What is the parotid gland vascularised by?

A

by branches of maxillary a.v.

30
Q

Where is the parotid gland opening located on a dog?

A

Carnassial (P4) tooth

31
Q

Where is the parotid gland opening located on a cow?

A

Last or 5th tooth (M2)

32
Q

Where is the parotid gland opening located on a horse?

A

P4

33
Q

Where is the parotid gland opening located on a pig?

A

P3

34
Q

In horses, cows and pigs, where is the duct located?

A

the duct passes ventrad and craniad on the deep face of the caudal part of the mandible

35
Q

In carnivores and small ruminants, where is the duct located?

A

the duct passes the lateral surface of the masseter muscle

36
Q

What do parotid glands mainly produce?

A

serous acinar

37
Q

What are the lobules in the parotid gland and ducts separated by?

A

by connective tissue septa

38
Q

What type of gland is the parotid gland?

A

a compound acinar gland

39
Q

What is the apex of each cell filled with?

A

with secretory granules (zymogen granules)

40
Q

Describe the location of the mandibular gland:

A

it is ventral to the parotid gland, caudal to mandible bone

41
Q

Where is the mandibular glands duct located?

A

its duct passes medial side of mandible to sublingual carnucle

42
Q

What is the mandibular gland vascularised by?

A

by branches of linguofacial a. and v.
(arteries and veins)

43
Q

What is the mandibular gland innervated by?

A

innervation from the fibres of facial n. (nerves)

44
Q

Which gland does the mandibular gland share a capsule with?

A

Shares a capsule with the sublingual gland
(two separate glands but are covered by same ‘cling film’

45
Q

What type of unit is the mandibular gland?

A

It is a mixed secretory unit known as a mixed serous-mucous acinus

46
Q

What happens in a mixed serous-mucous acinus?

A

the serous acinus forms a serous demilune around mucous acinus

47
Q

What do mucinous secretory cells contain?

A

abundant, poorly-staining to slightly basophilic cytoplasmic contents

48
Q

Describe the location of the sublingual gland?

A

deep to the mucous membrane; under the tongue

49
Q

How many parts does the sublingual gland consist of? (excluding horses)

A

2

50
Q

Name the parts of the sublingual gland: (excl. horse)

A

Monostomatic
Polystomatic

51
Q

Describe the monostomatic part of the sublingual gland:

A

It is more caudal with a single duct

52
Q

What part of the sublingual gland does a horse have?

A

Only has the polystomatic part of the gland - not the monostomatic part

53
Q

Describe the polystomatic part of the sublingual gland:

A

it is rostral with several small ducts

54
Q

Describe the location of the M.sublingual salivary duct:

A

it runs parallel to the mandibular duct and empties in the sublingual curriculum (?)

55
Q

Describe the vascularisation of the sublingual gland:

A

Lingual artery and vein (a. and v.)

56
Q

Describe the innervation of the sublingual gland:

A

facial nerve

57
Q

What characterises the mucous of a dog?

A

Long tubular mucous

58
Q

What units does the sublingual gland contain?

A

contains mucous secretory units, serous acini and serous demilunes

59
Q

Which animals have almost entirely mucous in the sublingual gland?

A

Cattle, sheep and pigs almost entirely mucous

60
Q

What type of gland is the zygomatic gland?

A

Mixed seromucous gland

61
Q

Where is the zygomatic gland located?

A

it lies on the floor of the orbit

62
Q

The important structures of the zygomatic gland lie medial to which blood vessels?

A

the maxillary a. (artery?) and the deep facial v. (vein)

63
Q

Where does the duct of the zygomatic gland open?

A

it duct open to the fold if the mucosa lateral to the first molar tooth

64
Q

Describe the appearance and the location of the mixed seromucous polystomatic gland in cats?

A

it is fleshy and round and is located caudomedial to the mandibular first molar

65
Q

Where are the minor salivary glands located?

A

throughout the oral cavity within the submucosa of the oral mucosa

66
Q

Name the 4 minor salivary glands:

A

the buccal, labial, lingual and palatal mucosa

67
Q

How many buccal glands are there?

A

2 - the ventral and dorsal buccal glands

68
Q

What is the soft palate?

A

the lateral parts of the hard palate and the floor of the mouth

69
Q

which gland duct opens to same or near the opening as parotid duct, in the dog? (also in rabbits)

A

zygomatic

70
Q

which gland shares a capsule with the mandibular gland?

A

monostomatic sublingual

71
Q

which gland if diseased and swelled may cause protrusion of the eyeball in the dog? (exophthalmus)

A

zygomatic

72
Q
A

STRUC+FUNC 2 (vet) (23 decks)

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