Oral Anatomy - Salivary Glands

Question 1

What are the 4 functions of the salivary glands?

Answer 1

Lubrication + binding
Antibacterial, enzymatic digestion
pH regulation, thermoregulation
Providing urea for protein synthesis in the forestomach

Question 2

What type of glands are salivary glands?

Answer 2

Exocrine glands

Question 3

What makes salivary glands exocrine glands?

Answer 3

The substances are released via ducts

Question 4

What kind of ducts do major salivary glands go by?

Answer 4

Long ducts

Question 5

What kind of ducts do minor salivary glands go by?

Answer 5

short ducts

Question 6

What are the two types of salivary glands?

Answer 6

major and minor

Question 7

What are the 4 major salivary glands?

Answer 7

Parotid, Mandibular, Sublingual salivary gland and Zygomatic gland (in carnivores)

Question 8

What ‘parts’ of the sublingual salivary glands are classed as major and hence are delivered to the oral cavity via long ducts?

Answer 8

Polystomatic part and Monostomatic part

Question 9

And what part of the zygomatic gland is classed as major and hence are delivered to the oral cavity via long ducts?

Answer 9

buccal gland medial to zygomatic arch in carnviores

Question 10

What are the 4 minor salivary glands?

Answer 10

Labial, lingual, buccal and palatine

Question 11

meaning of lingual?

Answer 11

relating to, near or on the side towards the tongue

Question 12

Describe the salivary gland in which cats have that gets mistaken for a growth:

Answer 12

Cats have a fleshy, round, mixed seromucous polystomatic gland lingual to the mandibular first molar

Question 13

What are salivary glands made up of?

Answer 13

secretory acini and ducts

Question 14

Where do the secretory units originate from?

Answer 14

They originate from the oral ectoderm and grow into the underlying mesoderm

Question 15

What are the secretory acini?

Answer 15

They are several different types of secretory acinar cells and myoepithelial cells (MEC)

Question 16

What are the three types of secretory acinar cells?

Answer 16

serous, mucous and seromucous cells

Question 17

What does serous acinus secrete?

Answer 17

in an isotonic watery fluid

Question 18

What does mucous acinus secrete?

Answer 18

Mucin - lubricant

Question 19

In a mixed serous-mucous acinus, what happens?

Answer 19

the serous acinus forms a serous demilune around mucous acinus

Question 20

What does MEC stand for?

Answer 20

myoepithelial cells

Question 21

What are salivary glands composed of structurally?

Answer 21

Composed of lobules of exocrine tubuloacinar glands that secrete into a duct

Question 22

What do the secretory units merge into?

Answer 22

into intercalated ducts

Question 23

What are the intercalated ducts lined by and what are they surrounded by?

Answer 23

simple cuboidal epithelium and surrounded by myoepithelial cells

Question 24

What are myoepithelial cells (MEC)?

Answer 24

They are a unique population of epithelial cells with contractile properties similar to smooth muscle cells

Question 25

What is secretion mediated by?

Answer 25

By contraction of myoepithelial cells that surround acini

Question 26

Parotid gland - location?

Answer 26

it is a paired gland located ventral to the ear

Question 27

What is the parotid gland innervated by?

Answer 27

glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)

Question 28

Where is the duct of the parotid gland located?

Answer 28

its duct extends from the rostral border of the gland in a groove and opens onto a papillae

Question 29

What is the parotid gland vascularised by?

Answer 29

by branches of maxillary a.v.

Question 30

Where is the parotid gland opening located on a dog?

Answer 30

Carnassial (P4) tooth

Question 31

Where is the parotid gland opening located on a cow?

Answer 31

Last or 5th tooth (M2)

Question 32

Where is the parotid gland opening located on a horse?

Answer 32

P4

Question 33

Where is the parotid gland opening located on a pig?

Answer 33

P3

Question 34

In horses, cows and pigs, where is the duct located?

Answer 34

the duct passes ventrad and craniad on the deep face of the caudal part of the mandible

Question 35

In carnivores and small ruminants, where is the duct located?

Answer 35

the duct passes the lateral surface of the masseter muscle

Question 36

What do parotid glands mainly produce?

Answer 36

serous acinar

Question 37

What are the lobules in the parotid gland and ducts separated by?

Answer 37

by connective tissue septa

Question 38

What type of gland is the parotid gland?

Answer 38

a compound acinar gland

Question 39

What is the apex of each cell filled with?

Answer 39

with secretory granules (zymogen granules)

Question 40

Describe the location of the mandibular gland:

Answer 40

it is ventral to the parotid gland, caudal to mandible bone

Question 41

Where is the mandibular glands duct located?

Answer 41

its duct passes medial side of mandible to sublingual carnucle

Question 42

What is the mandibular gland vascularised by?

Answer 42

by branches of linguofacial a. and v. (arteries and veins)

Question 43

What is the mandibular gland innervated by?

Answer 43

innervation from the fibres of facial n. (nerves)

Question 44

Which gland does the mandibular gland share a capsule with?

Answer 44

Shares a capsule with the sublingual gland (two separate glands but are covered by same 'cling film'

Question 45

What type of unit is the mandibular gland?

Answer 45

It is a mixed secretory unit known as a mixed serous-mucous acinus

Question 46

What happens in a mixed serous-mucous acinus?

Answer 46

the serous acinus forms a serous demilune around mucous acinus

Question 47

What do mucinous secretory cells contain?

Answer 47

abundant, poorly-staining to slightly basophilic cytoplasmic contents

Question 48

Describe the location of the sublingual gland?

Answer 48

deep to the mucous membrane; under the tongue

Question 49

How many parts does the sublingual gland consist of? (excluding horses)

Answer 49

2

Question 50

Name the parts of the sublingual gland: (excl. horse)

Answer 50

Monostomatic Polystomatic

Question 51

Describe the monostomatic part of the sublingual gland:

Answer 51

It is more caudal with a single duct

Question 52

What part of the sublingual gland does a horse have?

Answer 52

Only has the polystomatic part of the gland - not the monostomatic part

Question 53

Describe the polystomatic part of the sublingual gland:

Answer 53

it is rostral with several small ducts

Question 54

Describe the location of the M.sublingual salivary duct:

Answer 54

it runs parallel to the mandibular duct and empties in the sublingual curriculum (?)

Question 55

Describe the vascularisation of the sublingual gland:

Answer 55

Lingual artery and vein (a. and v.)

Question 56

Describe the innervation of the sublingual gland:

Answer 56

facial nerve

Question 57

What characterises the mucous of a dog?

Answer 57

Long tubular mucous

Question 58

What units does the sublingual gland contain?

Answer 58

contains mucous secretory units, serous acini and serous demilunes

Question 59

Which animals have almost entirely mucous in the sublingual gland?

Answer 59

Cattle, sheep and pigs almost entirely mucous

Question 60

What type of gland is the zygomatic gland?

Answer 60

Mixed seromucous gland

Question 61

Where is the zygomatic gland located?

Answer 61

it lies on the floor of the orbit

Question 62

The important structures of the zygomatic gland lie medial to which blood vessels?

Answer 62

the maxillary a. (artery?) and the deep facial v. (vein)

Question 63

Where does the duct of the zygomatic gland open?

Answer 63

it duct open to the fold if the mucosa lateral to the first molar tooth

Question 64

Describe the appearance and the location of the mixed seromucous polystomatic gland in cats?

Answer 64

it is fleshy and round and is located caudomedial to the mandibular first molar

Question 65

Where are the minor salivary glands located?

Answer 65

throughout the oral cavity within the submucosa of the oral mucosa

Question 66

Name the 4 minor salivary glands:

Answer 66

the buccal, labial, lingual and palatal mucosa

Question 67

How many buccal glands are there?

Answer 67

2 - the ventral and dorsal buccal glands

Question 68

What is the soft palate?

Answer 68

the lateral parts of the hard palate and the floor of the mouth

Question 69

which gland duct opens to same or near the opening as parotid duct, in the dog? (also in rabbits)

Answer 69

zygomatic

Question 70

which gland shares a capsule with the mandibular gland?

Answer 70

monostomatic sublingual

Question 71

which gland if diseased and swelled may cause protrusion of the eyeball in the dog? (exophthalmus)

Answer 71

zygomatic