Oral Anatomy - Salivary Glands Flashcards
What are the 4 functions of the salivary glands?
Lubrication + binding
Antibacterial, enzymatic digestion
pH regulation, thermoregulation
Providing urea for protein synthesis in the forestomach
What type of glands are salivary glands?
Exocrine glands
What makes salivary glands exocrine glands?
The substances are released via ducts
What kind of ducts do major salivary glands go by?
Long ducts
What kind of ducts do minor salivary glands go by?
short ducts
What are the two types of salivary glands?
major and minor
What are the 4 major salivary glands?
Parotid, Mandibular, Sublingual salivary gland and Zygomatic gland (in carnivores)
What ‘parts’ of the sublingual salivary glands are classed as major and hence are delivered to the oral cavity via long ducts?
Polystomatic part and Monostomatic part
And what part of the zygomatic gland is classed as major and hence are delivered to the oral cavity via long ducts?
buccal gland medial to zygomatic arch in carnviores
What are the 4 minor salivary glands?
Labial, lingual, buccal and palatine
meaning of lingual?
relating to, near or on the side towards the tongue
Describe the salivary gland in which cats have that gets mistaken for a growth:
Cats have a fleshy, round, mixed seromucous polystomatic gland lingual to the mandibular first molar
What are salivary glands made up of?
secretory acini and ducts
Where do the secretory units originate from?
They originate from the oral ectoderm and grow into the underlying mesoderm
What are the secretory acini?
They are several different types of secretory acinar cells and myoepithelial cells (MEC)
What are the three types of secretory acinar cells?
serous, mucous and seromucous cells
What does serous acinus secrete?
in an isotonic watery fluid
What does mucous acinus secrete?
Mucin - lubricant
In a mixed serous-mucous acinus, what happens?
the serous acinus forms a serous demilune around mucous acinus
What does MEC stand for?
myoepithelial cells
What are salivary glands composed of structurally?
Composed of lobules of exocrine tubuloacinar glands that secrete into a duct
What do the secretory units merge into?
into intercalated ducts
What are the intercalated ducts lined by and what are they surrounded by?
simple cuboidal epithelium and surrounded by myoepithelial cells
What are myoepithelial cells (MEC)?
They are a unique population of epithelial cells with contractile properties similar to smooth muscle cells
What is secretion mediated by?
By contraction of myoepithelial cells that surround acini
Parotid gland - location?
it is a paired gland located ventral to the ear
What is the parotid gland innervated by?
glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
Where is the duct of the parotid gland located?
its duct extends from the rostral border of the gland in a groove and opens onto a papillae
What is the parotid gland vascularised by?
by branches of maxillary a.v.
Where is the parotid gland opening located on a dog?
Carnassial (P4) tooth
Where is the parotid gland opening located on a cow?
Last or 5th tooth (M2)
Where is the parotid gland opening located on a horse?
P4
Where is the parotid gland opening located on a pig?
P3
In horses, cows and pigs, where is the duct located?
the duct passes ventrad and craniad on the deep face of the caudal part of the mandible
In carnivores and small ruminants, where is the duct located?
the duct passes the lateral surface of the masseter muscle
What do parotid glands mainly produce?
serous acinar
What are the lobules in the parotid gland and ducts separated by?
by connective tissue septa
What type of gland is the parotid gland?
a compound acinar gland
What is the apex of each cell filled with?
with secretory granules (zymogen granules)
Describe the location of the mandibular gland:
it is ventral to the parotid gland, caudal to mandible bone
Where is the mandibular glands duct located?
its duct passes medial side of mandible to sublingual carnucle
What is the mandibular gland vascularised by?
by branches of linguofacial a. and v.
(arteries and veins)
What is the mandibular gland innervated by?
innervation from the fibres of facial n. (nerves)
Which gland does the mandibular gland share a capsule with?
Shares a capsule with the sublingual gland
(two separate glands but are covered by same ‘cling film’
What type of unit is the mandibular gland?
It is a mixed secretory unit known as a mixed serous-mucous acinus
What happens in a mixed serous-mucous acinus?
the serous acinus forms a serous demilune around mucous acinus
What do mucinous secretory cells contain?
abundant, poorly-staining to slightly basophilic cytoplasmic contents
Describe the location of the sublingual gland?
deep to the mucous membrane; under the tongue
How many parts does the sublingual gland consist of? (excluding horses)
2
Name the parts of the sublingual gland: (excl. horse)
Monostomatic
Polystomatic
Describe the monostomatic part of the sublingual gland:
It is more caudal with a single duct
What part of the sublingual gland does a horse have?
Only has the polystomatic part of the gland - not the monostomatic part
Describe the polystomatic part of the sublingual gland:
it is rostral with several small ducts
Describe the location of the M.sublingual salivary duct:
it runs parallel to the mandibular duct and empties in the sublingual curriculum (?)
Describe the vascularisation of the sublingual gland:
Lingual artery and vein (a. and v.)
Describe the innervation of the sublingual gland:
facial nerve
What characterises the mucous of a dog?
Long tubular mucous
What units does the sublingual gland contain?
contains mucous secretory units, serous acini and serous demilunes
Which animals have almost entirely mucous in the sublingual gland?
Cattle, sheep and pigs almost entirely mucous
What type of gland is the zygomatic gland?
Mixed seromucous gland
Where is the zygomatic gland located?
it lies on the floor of the orbit
The important structures of the zygomatic gland lie medial to which blood vessels?
the maxillary a. (artery?) and the deep facial v. (vein)
Where does the duct of the zygomatic gland open?
it duct open to the fold if the mucosa lateral to the first molar tooth
Describe the appearance and the location of the mixed seromucous polystomatic gland in cats?
it is fleshy and round and is located caudomedial to the mandibular first molar
Where are the minor salivary glands located?
throughout the oral cavity within the submucosa of the oral mucosa
Name the 4 minor salivary glands:
the buccal, labial, lingual and palatal mucosa
How many buccal glands are there?
2 - the ventral and dorsal buccal glands
What is the soft palate?
the lateral parts of the hard palate and the floor of the mouth
which gland duct opens to same or near the opening as parotid duct, in the dog? (also in rabbits)
zygomatic
which gland shares a capsule with the mandibular gland?
monostomatic sublingual
which gland if diseased and swelled may cause protrusion of the eyeball in the dog? (exophthalmus)
zygomatic
