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Physics Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Phys: what are the 3 ways of accelerating

A
  • Speeding up
  • Slowing down
  • Changing direction (because velocity is a vector quantity)
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2
Q

Phys: what is the equation for acceleration

A
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3
Q

Phys: how do you find distance on a velocity time graph

A

Area under the line

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4
Q

Phys: what is a longitudinal wave

A

It is a wave where vibrations of the particles is parallel to the direction of the wave

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5
Q

Phys: what is a transverse wave

A

Vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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6
Q

Phys: how do you calculate wave period

A

Wave period = 1/ frequency

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7
Q

Phys: how do you calculate frequency

A

Frequency=number of oscillations/time

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8
Q

Phys: how do you calculate wavespeed

A

Wavespeed = frequency x wavelength

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9
Q

Phys: what is a rarefraction

A

This is a reduction in density

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10
Q

Phys: what are p-waves

A

They are longitudinal pressure waves

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11
Q

Phys: what happens to the particles after a longditudional wave passes through them

A

They stay in the same position as before the wave came

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12
Q

Phys: what is wave period

A

It is the time for one wave to pass

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13
Q

Phys: what are electromagnetic waves

A

They are transverse waves that travel at the same speed in the same medium, roughly 300,000,000 m/s in vaccum

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14
Q

Phys: what are the 7 main types of electromagnetic wave is order of frequency from high to low

A

Gamma, x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, radiowave

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15
Q

Phys: what are the uses of gamma waves

A

Medical therapy, astronomy, steralisation

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16
Q

Phys: what are the uses of x-rays

A

To treat camcer and to diagnose injury

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17
Q

Phys: what are the uses of ultraviolet rays

A

Sun tanning, disinfecting, photography for medicine and phorensics

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18
Q

Phys: what are the uses of visible light rays

A

Screens, vision

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19
Q

Phys: what are the uses of infrared rays

A

Tv remotes, security

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20
Q

Phys: what are the uses of microwaves

A

Signal transmission
Heating up food 😋🥐

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21
Q

Phys: what are the uses of radiowaves

A

Radio and communication

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22
Q

Phys: what is the range of human hearing

A

20-20000Hz

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23
Q

Phys: what is infrasound

A

Sound below 20Hz

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24
Q

Phys: what is ultrasound

A

Sound above 20000Hz

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25
Q

Phys: what is a photon and how fast do they move

A

They are packets of energy and travel at 300,000,000 m/s in a vacuum

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26
Q

Phys: what is a wave

A

They vibrate and oscilate and transfer energy without transferring mass

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27
Q

Phys: what is the rest position for a wave also known as

A

Equilibrium

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28
Q

Phys: what is the speed of sound in air

A

330 to 340 m/s, the warmer the air the sound travels faster.

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29
Q

Phys: what happens to the speed of sound when the medium gets more rigid

A

The speed gets faster

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30
Q

Phys: how does adding particles to a gas container increase the pressure

A

Increased frequency of collisions between particles and walls so greater force per unit area

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31
Q

Phys: why does a container of gas get warmer when you condense it quickly

A

Because you do work on the gas creasing the ke and so heat

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32
Q

phys: what is the equation for force

A

F = MA

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33
Q

phys: what is the equation for frequency

A

Frequency = number of oscillations / time

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34
Q

phys: what is the equation for wave period

A

1 / frequency

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35
Q

phys: what is the equation for wave speed

A
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36
Q

phys: what is the rest point of a wave called

A

equilibrium

37
Q

phys: describe the magnetic field around a flowing charge

A

It forms a magnetic field in concentric circles around the charge

38
Q

phys: what happens to the magnetic field if you increase current

A

It increases

39
Q

phys: what is a solenoid

A

It is a coil of wire

40
Q

phys: describe the magnetic field of a solenoid with flowing charge

A
41
Q

phys: what is the equation for pressure

A

Pressure = force x area

42
Q

Phys: what is the: crest, trough, equilibrium/rest position, amplitude and wavelength of a wave

A
43
Q

Phys: is momentum vector or scalar

A

Vector

44
Q

Phys: what is the equation for momentum

A
45
Q

Phys: how do you find distance traveled on a velocity time graph

A

Find the area under the line

46
Q

Phys: what is happening at each point on the velocity time graph

A
  • A - accelerating
  • B- constant velocity
  • C - accelerating
  • D - constant velocity
  • E - decelerating
47
Q

Phys: what is an elastic object

A

It is an object that returns to its original shape and size when a compression/tension force is released. This is called elastic deformation.

48
Q

Phys: what is a plastic object

A

It is an object that will not return to its original size and shape when a compression/tension force is released. This is called plastic deformation.

49
Q

Phys: what is a tension force

A

A force that pulls apart

50
Q

Phys: what are the 8 types of contact force

A
  • friction
  • drag
  • air resistance
  • water resistance
  • tension/elastic
  • normal contact
  • thrust
  • lift
51
Q

Phys: what are the 3 non-contact forces

A
  • gravitational
  • magnetic
  • electrostatic
52
Q

Phys: what is an interaction pair of forces

A

It is a pair of forces that are equal and opposite

53
Q

Phys: what is the centre of mass of an object

A

It is the place in an object where the weight appears to act from

54
Q

Phys: what is the law of conservation of momentum

A

Momentum before and event = momentum after an event

55
Q

Phys: what is inertia

A

It is a measure of how difficult is it to change an objects momentum

56
Q

Phys: what are the properties of permanent magentisim

A
  • they are always magnetic
  • their magnetic field has a norths nod a South Pole
  • when they are near a magnetic material they cause it to become a magnet
57
Q

Phys: what are the 3 magnetic elements (+plus the other material you must know)

A

Nickel, iron, cobalt and you must know steel for the exams

58
Q

Phys: what causes Magnetisim

A

Electron spins

59
Q

Phys what does the electron spin look like in magnetic materials vs non magnetic ones

A

In magnetic materials the electron spins are in the same orientation, they are not in non magnetic materials

60
Q

Phys: what is a magnetic domain

A

It is a region in a magnetic field where the magnetic fields are in a uniform direction

61
Q

Phys: what are the properties of induced magnets

A
  • they have a north and South Pole (temporarily) and a magnetic field
  • they can only be attracted by magnets and not repeled
  • they are only magnets in another magnetic field
62
Q

Phys: descipribe the magnetic field inside a solenoid with flowing charge

A

It is strong and uniform

63
Q

Phys: what is an inelastic collision

A

A collision where the objects have no elasticity and so collide and stay together

64
Q

Phys: What is the equation for change in momentum

A
65
Q

Phys: Why does a crash mat work to slow soften an impact

A

• Increasing time taken to stop, decreases the rate of change of momentum
• This reduced the force one the person
• Leading to less damage

66
Q

Phys: what is the electromagnetic spectrum

A
  • it is a collection of waves each of which exists over a variety of wavelengths
67
Q

Phys: what do waves transfer

A

Energy and information

68
Q

Phys: what is it called when a wave passes through a clear surface

A

It is transmitted through the surface

69
Q

Phys: what type of wave has the longest wavelength

A

Radiowaves

70
Q

Phys: what are the properties of waves with short wavelengths

A
  • shorter distance
  • more information
  • less spreading out
71
Q

Phys: how do antennae work

A

When an electromagnetic wave hits an ariel it induces an alternating current in the antennae with the same frequency as the wave, this allows for information to be transferred.

72
Q

Phys: why are microwaves and not Radiowaves used for satellite communication

A

Because Radiowaves cannot penetrate the atmosphere and so microwaves have to be used.

73
Q

Phys: how do microwaves heat food

A

They vibrate the water molecules in the food and so cause it to heat

74
Q

Phys: why do microwaves not affect you

A

Because of the mesh that has a smaller diameter than the amplitude of the wave

75
Q

Phys: what are the risks of uv radiation

A

Skin cancer and eyedamage(sunglasses)

76
Q

Phys: what part of the human body acn be ionised

A

Not the cells, the atoms in the cells

77
Q

Phys: how are atoms ionised

A
  • electron hit by ionising radiation
  • gains enough energy to escape the atom
  • this creates an ion
78
Q

Phys: what does the plum pudding model of the atom look like

A
79
Q

Phys: what does the nuclear model of the atom look like

A
80
Q

Phys what does the Bohr model of the atom look like

A

Energy levels

81
Q

Phys: what does the model of the atom that Chadwick developed look like

A
82
Q

Phys: how are radio-waves produced

A

Radiowaves are produced by oscillating current in an arial or circuit with the same freq as the current

83
Q

Phys: if light enters a denser or less dense medium and it doesn’t refract what angle has it entered or exited the medium

A

It has entered or exited at the same angle as the normal

84
Q

Phys: toward what does light bend when it enters a denser medium

A

Toward the normal

85
Q

Phys: toward what does light bend when it enters a less denser medium

A

Away from the normal

86
Q

Phys: what is the incident ray

A

The incoming ray

87
Q

Phys: what is the ray after the incident ray that in inside the new medium

A

Refracted ray

88
Q

Phys: what is the ray exiting the material

A

Emergent/transmitted ray

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