History - Medicine

Question 1

Medicine: what were the 5 believed CAUSES of disease in medieval England

Answer 1

• An imbalance in the 4 humours
• God
• Miasma
• Astrology
• Witches

Question 1

Medicine: why were dissections not common in medieval england

Answer 1

Because of religious beliefs

Question 2

Medicine: what happened when dissections were undertaken in medieval england, and who would perform the dissections.

Answer 2

They only happened on criminals who were executed, they were called forbade dissections, the barber not the doctor, during the dissection the doctor would read from Galen’s book and would attribute any differences to the book to the sins of the person

Question 3

Medicine: describe the four humours

Answer 3

It was Hippocrates’ idea that disease was caused by an imbalance of the 4 humours, blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile.

Question 4

Medicine: describe the theory of opposites

Answer 4

The theory of opposites is Galen’s theory that when there is too much of one humour causing disease you should take the opposite treatment, e.g. too much blood, do bloodletting

Question 5

Medicine: what are the 4 believed treatments in the medieval period

Answer 5

• blood letting/purging
• bathing/bathing in sweet smelling herbs
• astrology
• praying/pilgrimage

Question 6

Medicine: who would treat disease in medieval england and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each

Answer 6

• Family, cheap and easy but they are inexperienced
• monks and nuns, free, not common
• physicians, male university trained studying galen and would only prescribe not treat, expensive
• apothecaries, cheaper, gave the medicine prescribed by physicians
• barber surgeons, cheap and had a licence, painful
• wise women, cheap and no training

Question 7

Medicine: what were methods of prevention of diseases in medieval england

Answer 7

• do not breathe in “bad air”
• herb sacks
• Praying/no sinning

Question 8

Medicine: describe the treatments of prevention of the black death

Answer 8

• flagellants
• praying
• sweet smelling herbs
• avoiding bad air/ miasma

Question 9

Medicine: what happened to the church in the reneissanse period

Answer 9

The church lost power due to the advent of the printing press and the spread of knowledge it caused, ideas of Protestantism happened

Question 10

Medicine: who is Andreas vesalius

Answer 10

He corrected many of Galen’s mistakes, he stole bodies to perform dissections, in 1543 he published he book, on the fabric of the human body, he did NOT help with treatments

Question 11

Medicine: what are 4 of Galen’s mistakes that vesalius corrected

Answer 11

• The breast bone made of 3 bones not 7
• the jaw bone made of 1 bone not 2
• blood does not flow through the heart through invisible holes into the septum
• kidneys at the same level

Question 12

Medicine: who is galen

Answer 12

He was an ancient Roman physician, he built upon the 4 humours

Question 13

Medicine: who thought of the idea of the theory of the 4 humours

Answer 13

Hippocrates

Question 14

Medicine: what did vesalius think about blood and the heart

Answer 14

• He thought the heart was in 2 parts and did not realise that the heart was a pump
• he thought that the blood was made in the liver

Question 15

Medicine: what uni was vesalius from

Answer 15

Pauda

Question 16

Medicine: describe William harvey

Answer 16

He dissected humans and animals, he became the royal physician for James I, he discovered that the heart was a pump