🍃Biology Paper 1 Flashcards
Bio: what is rose black spot
It is a fungi that spreads through rain, wind and contact. Its signified by purple or black spots on leaves. To treat it burn the affected leaves
Bio: what is tobacco mosaic …
It is a virus that spreads by contact and causes a mosaic pattern on leaves, no treatment
Bio: what are the 2 types of antibiotic
Bactericidal and bacteriostatic
Bio: what do bactericidal antibiotics do
Kill the bacteria by removing the cell wall
Bio: what are bacteriostatic antibiotics
They stop bacteria from reproducing by stopping protein synthesis and metabolic activity
Bio: why do antibiotics not kill viruses
Because they don’t have a cell wall
Bio: what are 2 types of resistant bacteria
Mdr-tb, MRSA
Bio: what do plasmids in bacteria do in reference to antibiotics
They encode for resistance
Bio: what are the 2 ways that painkillers can work
Blocking the pain signals, anti-inflamitory
Bio: what are enzymes
Biological catalysts
Bio: what is pepsin
An enzyme that breaks down protein works at PH 2 and is produced in the stomach
Bio: how do you test for sugar/glucose
You use Benedict’s solution and put the test tube and a hot/warm water bath, red is positive, yellow is weakly positive and blue is negative
Bio: how do you test for proteins
Biuret, purple is positive and pale blue is negative
Bio: how do you test for lipids
Ethanol, goes cloudy when positive
Bio: what does starch break down into
Glucose
Bio: what does protein break down into
Amino acids
Bio: what do lipids break down into
Fatty acids and glycerol
Bio: what does starch break down into
Glucose
Bio: how do you test for carbohydrates
Iodine, brown/blue is pos and yellow/brown is neg
Bio: what are antitoxins
They are a protein released by white blood cells to neutralise toxins that might be released by pathogens
Bio: what is herd immunity
This is where enough of a community is immune to protect the non immune
Bio: what are lymphocytes
White blood cells involved in the specific immune responce
Bio: what are phagocytes
They are in the non specific response and engulf pathogens
Bio: what are monoclonal antibodies
They are identical copies of one antibody