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History - Germany Flashcards

1
Q

Germ: what is a putsch

A

It is an armed rebellion

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2
Q

germ: what is the triple entente

A

it is the alliance in WW1 of England, France, Russia (who left in 1917) and eventually Italy

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3
Q

germ: what is the triple alliance

A

it is the alliance in WW1 of Germany, Austria Hungary and Italy (who left in 1915)

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4
Q

germ: what was the Ludendorff offensive

A

in march 1918 the German commander Ludendorff decided to launch one final offensive before the US troops landed and gave the allied and advantage. the offensive utilized storm troopers gas and shelling to great effect, breaking through the allied line and advancing in some places 64km

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5
Q

germ: what were the problems with the Ludendorff offensive

A

the Germans lost 400,000 men and could not supply troops is their newly acquired positions,

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6
Q

germ: what was the armistice and who (on the German side) agreed to it

A

the ceasefire between Germany and the allies that was agreed to by Friedrich Ebert

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7
Q

germ: what were the Freikorps

A

they were ex-military patriots who hated the spartacists and the government for signing the treaty of Versalles

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8
Q

germ: what were the spartacists

A

they wanted to overthrow the government and place the country under communism

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9
Q

germ: what was the SDP party in Germany and who controlled them

A

the social democratic party (or weimar government) was controlled by Ebert

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10
Q

germ: what was the KPD

A

it was the German communist party

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11
Q

germ: what happened in the Kapp putsch (1920)

A
  1. Ebert tried to disband the Freikorps due to the treaty of Versailles
  2. The Freicorps rebelled with a politician Wolfgang Kapp as their leader
  3. they kicked the Weimar government out of berlin
  4. the Government told civilians to help and workers in Berlin went on strike squashing the uprising
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12
Q

germ: what happened in the Munich putsch, 1923

A
  • Hitler gained lots of control, 55000 people, mostly in Bavaria (the state of Munich). Hitler thought that the Weimar government was weak in 1923 due to the hyperinflation.
  • Hitler was given support by Ludendorff (former commander in chief of the german army). At gunpoint hitler forced the leaders of the Bavarian government to accept his plan for a putsch.
  • Hitler marched on Munich but were stopped by the police, 16 of them were captured and Hitler fled (though he was arrested later).
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13
Q

Germ: what happened during the Spartasist uprising

A

In 1919 a communist group known as the Spartasists attempted to overthrow the weimar government, they were crushed by the Friecorps

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14
Q

germ: When and why did hyperinflation happen

A

In jan 1923 hyperinflation happened, this was because of the invasion of the Ruhr (when France invaded an industrial area of Germany) this lead to the factory workers in the Ruhr striking and the german government printed money to pay them and when the money went into circulation the economy was flooded by billions of freshly printed marks

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15
Q

Germ: in the treaty of Versallies, how much of its land did germany loose

A

13% land, including industrial areas like alsace lorane

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16
Q

Germ: in the treaty of Versallies what number of soldiers was the german army limited to

A

100,000 men

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17
Q

Germ: in what years was it good and bad in germany for the Weimar government

A

1918-1923 bad, ended thanks to stresserman
1924-1929, the golden age of weimar ended due to Great Depression
1929… Also Hitler became chancellor in 1933

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18
Q

Germ: in 1928 how many seats did the nazis have and how many did they have in 1930 and 1932, what caused this increase

A

1928 - 12
1930 - 107
1932 - 230,
this was caused by the wall street crash.

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19
Q

Germ: what was article 48

A

An article in the weimar constitution that allowed the president to rule by decree in state of emergency and bypass the Reichstag (german parlement)

20
Q

Germ: what did hitler argue in mein Kampf

A

He argued in mein Kampf (written while hitler in 1925) that Germany needed to get physically bigger and needed to be filled with ‘pure germans’

21
Q

Germ: what was the dawes plan

A

A loan organised by Stresseman in from America to make reparations easier to pay

22
Q

Germ: who was in charge of nazi propaganda

A

Goebbles

23
Q

Germ: who is more powerful the president or the chancellor

A

President is most powerful as he controls the country while chanselor controls the parliament

24
Q

Germ: what is the formal name of the nazi party

A

NSDAP - national socialist german workers party

25
Q

germ: what was the SA

A

It was the private army of the nazis, it intimidated people and fought against the KPD

26
Q

Germ: what was the SS

A

They were thought of s a branch of the SA and were Hitlers private bodyguard and protected Nazi leaders, they were directed by Himmler

27
Q

Germ: what and when was the Bamberg conference

A

It was a conference of the Nazi party in 1926 where Hitler solidified his leadership of the party by giving his opposition positions of power in the party (these positions were called Gauleiters of the Nazi party, head of a branch of the Nazi party)

28
Q

Germ: what is a Gaue of the nazi party why do they exist and who leads them

A

They were branches of the nazi party and is headed by the Gauleiter. Branches of the Nazi party were set up to direct the propaganda and ideas of the nazi party to individual different areas that the branch was set up in.

29
Q

Germ: what was the 25 point program and what were some of its points

A

It was the foundation of the nazi party snd some of its points are
- socialist ideas (farmers given land and public industries water and electricity owned by the state)
-fascist ideas (strong central government with control over the media)
- racist ideas (jews not german citizens)

30
Q

Germ: in the treaty of Versallies how much did Germany have to pay in reperations

A

6.6 billion pounds initially, will be later deacreased by the Young plan.

31
Q

Germ: what is the dawes plan

A

Short term loans from American in 1923 this helped to fix hyperinflation and pay reparations

32
Q

Germ: what was the locarno pact

A

1925, A pact signed by Germany, France and Belgium cementing the borders

33
Q

Germ: when did Germany join the league of nations

A

1926

34
Q

Germ: what was the Kellogg Briand pact

A

An agreement between 64 countries, including Germany never to go to war, 1928

35
Q

Germ: what was the young plan

A

A plan that reduced how much Germany had to pay in reparations from 6.6 billion to 1.32 billion, in 1929

36
Q

Germ: how many seats in the reichstag did Nazis have in 1928 vs 1932

A

1928 - 12
1932 - 230

37
Q

Germ: what are the 4 reasons Hitler became chancellor in 1933

A
  • the failure of other politicians
  • appeal of the Nazi party (Hitler, tech, propaganda)
  • Great Depression
  • Von Papen teamed up with Hitler
38
Q

Germ: what date did Hitler become chancellor

A

30 January 1933

39
Q

Germ: why are the communists the main opposition to the Nazis

A

Because they are the far left and the Nazis are far right

40
Q

Germ: what does 3 things does Hitler do in February 1933 to limit the communists

A
  • 4th feb 1933 Hitler persuades Hindenburg to pass a law that makes it illegal to hold a political meeting without informing the police 48 hours in advance
  • 17 feb 1933, goering (hitlers main henchman) who gave the police orders to beat up communists
  • 22 feb 1933 members of the SA are appointed as special police officers ,this have them authority to beat people up too
41
Q

germ: what were the lean years

A

the years 1924-28 when the Nazi party almost did not have any support

42
Q

Germ: what cause the invasion of the rhur

A

Germany did not pay an instalment of the reparations on time so France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr

43
Q

Germ: how long and when was stresseman chancellor and what was he after that

A

For 100 days in 1923 and he was then foreign minister until his death in 1929

44
Q

Germ: what are some weaknesses of the Weimar constitution

A
  • Proportional representation meant that weak coalitions were the only way to gain power
  • strong states such as Prussia still had power through the reichstag
  • Article 48 allowed the president to rule by decree
45
Q

Germ: what caused the passive resistance in the rhur

A

France and Belgium invaded the rhur, Ebert told the workers to strike (passive resistance)

46
Q

Germ: what caused hyperinflation

A

After missing a reparation payment, France invaded the rhur so Ebert asked workers to strike as passive resistance but he kept paying the workers with freshly printed money.

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