🕒History - Henry Flashcards
henry: what act in parliament does Wolsey pass in 1515?
- in 1515 wolsey passes an act in parliament called Act of resumption that takes back lands the king has given out to make money on it
- he also many a new tax called a subsidy baced on the wealth of the people, this made the king more money
henry: what are the eltham ordinances and what year where they devised
in 1526 wolsey devised a plan to get rid of the staff in the royal household and to half the size of the privy council (from 12 to 6), after the privy council was changed no more of the changes were enforced.
henry: what is an annulment and why could henry get one
it is a cancelling of a marrage, similar to a divorce, on the basis that the marrage was not valid from the start. Henry’s argument was that he could not marry the wife of his dead brother. (Catherine of argon)
henry: what was the amicable grant and what was the affect
in 1525 wolsey collected a tax without asking parliment to fund a war against france. it was to be given out of the kindness of the people hearts. people could not afford to pay, the church did not want to pay, there was a rebellion is suffolk and wolsey had to abandon the grant, Henry abandoned his plans to war with France
henry: who had power over the pope was the nephew of Henry’s wife when henry wanted to get his great matter solved?
Charles V
henry: what was the kings great matter
this was the kings want for an anulment with catherine of aragon
henry: what was the oath of succession and what was its punishment
this was an oath that all of the people of Britain had to swear (a promise to god) that anne boelyn was the rightfully queen and any children would be the heir (Elizabeth) this also removed princess Mary as a possible heir, if you refused to swear this meant you’d be punished as a traitor, meaning execution.
henry: what is the act of supression and when was it passed
1536, the name of the act that dissolved the monasteries
henry: what was the act of supremacy and when was it
in 1534 the act of supremacy declared Henry to be the head of the church
henry: what was the impact of the act of supremacy on the church
it did not make that big of a difference to the way that the church was run in england
henry: How many ‘religious houses’ were there in England and Wales?
825
henry: What was the dissolution of the monasteries?
The dissolution of the monasteries was where all of the monasteries in England were claimed by the Crown and destroyed
Henry: What and when was the Valor Ecclesiasticus?
1535, Cromwell commissioned a survey of the religious (ecclesiastical) property in England, he found that many of them were breaking their monistic vows.
Henry: What and when was the act for the dissolution of lesser monasteries?
1536, The act for the dissolution of lesser monasteries was an act that said that all monasteries with an income of 200 or less were dissolved, due to them being sinful places
Henry: What and when was the act for the dissolution of greater monasteries?
In 1537 the government made the total dissolution of the monasteries its aim. There was a rebellion called the pilgrimage of grace that some of the monastaries were said to have been involved in, these were destroyed, then more royal commisioners were sent to abbots to give up their lands, the last one surrendered in 1540
Henry: what was the court of augmentations and who did it
1536, the court of augmentations was a court in which royal commissioners were appointed to oversee the closure of the lesser monostaries, they made sure that the monasteries wealth was given to the king
Henry: what was the cause of the pilgramage of grace
It was caused by the dissulotion of the monasteries
Henry: was the pilgramage of grace violent
No it was non violent
Henry: where and what was the first uprising of the pilgramage of grace
In october 1536, a small uprising broke out in linconshire, news of this spread causing other people to take action
Henry: who was robert aske
He started the pilgramage of grace by asking the people to defend the catholic church
henry: what did Cromwell do in 1534 to stop rebellions
he joined wales to England and created councils in the north, also he set a permanent millatry in Ireland
Henry: What was the privy council and how did Cromwell change it in 1536?
He made the king’s council smaller giving each remaining member more power
Henry: what were the 3 complaints in the york articles
- the closing of the monasteries
- the new tax on sheep and cattle owners
- low-born man getting rich on the churches money
Henry: how many people marched on yourk and what was written there during the pilgramage of grace
10000 people marched on york, robert aske wrote the york articles, these were a list of grievences
Henry: What happened in Pontefract during the Pilgrimage of Grace?
Askes’ group of followers marched on Pontefract, Lord Darcy handed over the castle there. The king forces were heavily outnumbered, all of the pilgrims took an oath of obedience and promised to remain peaceful.
henry: what did Cromwell do to deal with henries problems with passing laws
in 1534, he made the house of commons physically divide so that those not in support of the king were very visible
henry: what were the 5 things the pontifract articles complained about?
- to have extreme protestant ideas removed
- the pope as the head of the church again
- mary was made the legitimate heir to the throne again
- to have the abbeys restored
- to have the men who closed the monasteries punished (cromwell, richie rich)
henry: what and when was the treaty of london
it was a treaty signed by many European countries in 1518 for peace made by wolsey
henry: when and what was the battle of the spurs
1513, the battle of the spurs was a battle in France that got its name because when henry won you could see the French cavalries spurs glinting as they ran example of him as a renaissance prince
henry: what are 2 reasons other than the failure to get henry the annulment, that Wolsey fell from power?
- Other powerful people at court who hated Wolsey
- Henry was persuaded that Wolsey was plotting against him because he had been persuaded by Wolsey’s enemies
henry: what year was Thomas Cromwell appointed to the royal council
1531
herny: what was the field of cloth of gold
it was a very expensive meeting organized by Wolsey in 1520 with the king of france
henry: who was thomas more and what did he oppose
he was chancellor for a short time after wolseys fall, he opposed the reformation, he refused to swear the oath of succesion and was executed in 1535
henry: what and when was the act of 6 articles
The act of six articles was passed in 1539 and reverted some of the protestant changes made during the reformation, this suggests that henry may not have believed in the changes he made
henry: what are 3 reasons it was hard for Wolsey to get henry the annulment
- Henry had to get permission to get his marriage in the first place, breaking down his argument; you are meant to marry your brother’s widow in Catholicism
- Charles the 5th had control over the Pope, he was Catherine of Aragon’s nephew
- Catherine of Aragon had a lot of popular support
henry: when was cromwell made chief minister
1533
henry: When was cromwell executed?
1540
henry: what did the royal injunctions do
- 1538
- they put an english bible in every church
- shrines and relict confiscated
henry: Who was John Fisher?
He was a well respected bishop that was Henry’s grandmother’s bishop, he refused to swear the oath of succession and was executed in 1535
Henry: When did Henry VIII become king?
1509
Henry: What titles was Wolsey given?
He was Henry’s chief minister
He was also appointed Lord Chancellor (1515) and Papal Legate (1918)
Henry: when does Cromwell get killed
1540
Henry: what is the royal almonary
A small office in the royal households that gives out alms, it is often occupied by a member of the church.
Henry: when did wolsey become royal almoner
He became royal almoner in 1509, this made him a member of the royal council
Henry: what was the population of England when Henry became king
2.2 million
Henry: What was the rigid structure of power called?
The great chain of being
Henry: how did Henry the seventh become king
He defeated Richard III in battle
Henry: how old was Henry when he became king
18
Henry: what did parliament consist of
The house of lords and that of commons
Henry: what were the justices of the peace and what were they responsible for
They were members of the noble/gentry and we’re responsible for law and order in their afea
Henry: what were Henries closest advisors called and what could they do that others cannot
The privy chamber, they could access the kings personal chaimbers
Henry: what is the name of the king of france
Francis
Add card abt resumption
Do it
Henry: what and when is the act of succession
1534, Removed Henries child with Catherine of Aragon as heir (Mary) and made any children Henry had with Anne Boleyn the heirs to the throne (Elizabeth)
Henry: who performed the valor Ecclesiasticus
Royal comissioners
Henry: what is the act of restraint of appeals to Rome
It is an act passed by Cromwell in 1533 that stated that stated that England was not subject to foreign rule and made Henry the supreme head of England, he could now grant himself an annulment
Henry: after the dissolution, what does Henries income increase to, from what?
100,000 before dissolution and 240,000 after
Henry: what is the treason act
1534 It is an act that stated:
- if you went against the church you were committing treason
- if you speak against Henry it’s treason
Henry: make card on Duke of norfolk
Henry: what is the star chaimber
It is a court set up to give justice to all levels of society on behalf of the king, not just to the rich
Henry: what did Wolsey do to the star chaimber
He increased the number of court cases it handled from 12 to 120 and encouraged the poor to bring cases to court
Henry: what were the impacts of Wolseys reforms to justice and the the star chaimber
- the poor liked it
- the landowners did not
- Wolsey used it to get revenge on his political opponents
Henry: what was enclosure
Common land was shared land that surrounded medieval villages, it could be used by villagers but was owned by farmers, enclosure is the practice of placing fences around the common land farmers that owned the land refusing villagers access to the land
Henry: what did Wolsey do about enclosure
1517, Wolsey organised an enquiry into the practice of enclosure
Henry: because of enclosure what type of farmers could not longer survive
Subsistence farmers - those who only grew enough food to eat, could no longer survive
Henry: what were the impacts of Wolseys policy on enclosure
- lots of criminal enquiries were started
- 1523 wealthy landowners went to parliament and forced Wolsey to end the enquiry
- it continued to be a problem
Henry: what are some of Wolseys financial reforms
- act of resumption
- subsidy
- clerical taxation - church gave a “gift” to the king
Henry: what did Cromwell do to the privy council
He made it smaller and with better qualified members
Henry: what was the council of the north
It was a council set up by Cromwell in the north of England, it was tasked with solving the norths problems with law enforcement, it made it easier for Henry to know that the north was law abiding and under his control
Henry: did Cromwell create the council of the north
No, he reformed it
Henry: what reforms did Cromwell make to the council of the north
- he made the council permanent
- it gained more responsibilities - from 1537 the council was in charge of maintaining law in the north
henry: what did Cromwell do to improve England’s finances
- Cromwell created 6 departments of the government for finances
- 2 of these departments focus solely on the financial impacts of the dissolution of the monasteries
- one of these was the court of augmentations
Henry: what did each of the six departments for the governments finances (that Cromwell created) have
- their own budget
- settled financial disputes from within the department
- had a well trained official who was supervised
Henry: why did Cromwell reform wales
- in previous times Wales saw itself as a separate country
- Cromwell wanted Wales to become more integrated into England
Henry: what did Cromwell do to the royal council
He replaced the royal council with the privy council, the privy council was smaller (20 members) and was more professional, it was made up of lawyers and administrators mostly, not noblemen
Henry: how did Cromwell reform wales
- Cromwell made Wales a part of England, officially
- he replaced Welsh laws with English ones
- he made English the official language of wales
- he allocated 26 MPs to represent Wales in parliament
Henry: what did Cromwell do to the Welsh march
To improve law and order Cromwell created new counties on the border between England and Wales, each was controlled by a justice of the peace
Henry: who was Elizabeth Barton
She was an English Catholic nun who was executed for her prophesies against teh marrage of Henry VIII and Anne boelyn
Henry: from when to when was Wolsey lord chancellor
1515 to 29
Henry: what happened during the war with France and the treaty of Bruges
Wolsey entered the treaty of Bruges, in which Charles V promised to help England against France. Henry provided little support, it was very costly and unpopular in England. Henry asked to be king of France and Charles let Francis take back France. 1522-25.
Henry: what was the treaty of bruges
It was a treaty that Wolsey organised for Charles the fifths support in invading france
Henry: who was prince Arthur and how did he make it harder for Wolsey to resolve the kings great matter
He was Henries brother and originally married to Catherine of Aragon, to get Henry to marry his brothers wife they needed the agreement of the pope, having had this agreement it was harder to go back on their decision
Henry: why was Anne of Cleve’s pivotal for cromwell
It was the beginning of Cromwell downfall, Cromwell planned Henries marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of cleves, and when Henry disliked her it was a turning point for cromwell
Henry: what happened during the war Hapsburg empire and the treaty of cambrai
1525 - 29. After the war with France, Wolsey decided to ally with France against Charles V. The Hapsburgs defeated France again, Henry provided little support, he was an unreliable ally. Charles and Francis did not include England and left England with no allies a DN Wolsey’s reputation damaged.
Henry: who could grant Henry his annlment
The pope
Henry: who was Anne of cleves
She was Henries 4th wife and they married in 1540, she was also the duke of Cleves, a small protestant state in the holy Roman empire
Henry: how did Cromwell think that Henries marriage to Anne of cleves would benefit england
There was a treaty of a Catholic crusade at the time, a marrage to someone of the holy Roman empire would help to protect Henry, Henry had only one male heir and a poor reputation in England.
Henry: how did the marrage too Anne of cleves affect cromwell
Hhe pushed for the marrage, Henry blamed him and their relationship suffered. Cromwells enemies grew more powerful and the duke of Norfolk (Anne’s uncle) began to plot cromwells downfall
Henry: who was the man at court who wanted Cromwell to fall and caused (some of) it
The duke of norfolk
Henry: what was the name for the duke nof norfolk
Thomas howard
Henry: how did Norfolk orchestrate cromwells downfall
He told Catherine Howard to spread rumours about Cromwell and claimed he wanted to spread protestantisim
henry: when did price Arthur die
1502
Henry: why did Henry want a chief minister
Because he did not enjoy doing the boring jobs of running a country
Henry: what, in Henries time, did being a Catholic involve
- going to church and using a bible in Latin
- decorated churches
- praying to saints to speak to god on your behalf
- monasteries for charity and education
Henry: what things led to Wolsey’s rise
- he was intelligent - he had a religious degree from Oxford
- he impressed Henry when he got a place on the royal council
Henry: why did Henry turn against Wolsey after he failed to get the annulment
Because he thought that god was against his relationship because he hadn’t had a son and his heir
Henry: who did Cromwell work for origionally
wosley
Henry: why did Henry not like Anne Boelyn after marrying her
- she was too outspoken for his liking
- she had given birth to a daughter
Henry: why was Anne Boelyn exicuted
- Henry saw another woman at court (Jane Seymour)
- Anne Boelyn was accused of having affairs with other men
Henry: when was Anne Boelyn exicuted
1536
Henry: what was the max number of people for the pilgrimage of grace
40000
Henry: what were 2 reasons, other than the closing of the monasteries, for the pilgrimage of grace
- new taxes
- the power of men like Cromwell
Henry: how did the pilgrimage of grace end
- the rebels only went home after the duke of Norfolk promised to take the concerns to the king
- the leaders were eventually executed
- they helped to slow down the religious change, including helping to lead to the act of six articles (1539
Henry: when was the act of 6 articles
Henry: when was the act of six articles
1539
English victory in war against Scotland ?
Henry: was Crowell well educated
NO he traveled
