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GCSEs > 🍃Biology Paper 2 > Flashcards

🍃Biology Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bio: what is selective breeding

A

2 animals with desired characteristics are selected and breaded. Repeat over generations.

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2
Q

bio: name 3 reasons that organisms need energy

A
  • homeostasis
  • contraction
  • growth
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3
Q

Bio: what tissue differentiates in plants

A

Meristem

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4
Q

Bio: what is a gene

A

It is a short segment of DnA that encodes for one protein

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5
Q

Bio: what do 3 bace pairs encode for

A

One amino acid

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6
Q

Bio: what is a phenotype

A

The observable characteristics of an organism due to its genotype

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7
Q

Bio: what is a genotype

A

The combination of alleles that a person has for a particular trait (AA, Gg, cc)

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8
Q

Bio: what is polydactyl, dominant or recessive?

A

More fingers or toes, dominant (PP, Pp)

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9
Q

Bio: what is cystic fibrosis, dominant or recessive?

A

It’s inherited disorder of cell membranes that mainly affects the lungs and digestive system they can become clogged with lots of thick, sticky mucus as too much is produced, recessive (ff)

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10
Q

Bio what are the sex chromosomes for a male

A

XY

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11
Q

Bio: what are the chromosomes for a female

A

XX

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12
Q

Bio: what is meristem

A

Meristems are regions of unspecialised cells in plants that are capable of cell division

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13
Q

Bio: what are the villi

A

finger-like projections that increase the surface area over which molecules are absorbed in the small intestine or the uterus

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14
Q

Bio: what is cvs

A

Chronic villus sampling:
- taking a sample of placental tissue
- genetic screening
- 2%

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15
Q

Bio: what types of screening are used during in pregnancy

A
  • family history
  • pre-screening-12m week nuchal fold thickness, this can indicate the presence of Down’s syndrome
  • afp blood test
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16
Q

bio: what is a chlorophyll deffeciency

A

chlorosis

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17
Q

bio: what stage of mitosis is happening here

A

prophase

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18
Q

bio: what stage of mitosis is happening here

A

Metaphase

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19
Q

bio: what stage of mitosis is happening here

A

metaphase

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20
Q

bio: what stage of mitosis is happening here

A

Telophase

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21
Q

bio: what stage of mitosis is happening here

A

cytokinesis

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22
Q

Bio: what are the properties of meiosis

A
  • 4 cells are produced
  • non-identical cells are produced
  • DNA is replicated once
  • cells have 23 chromosomes so gametes are produced
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23
Q

Bio: what are the properties of mitosis

A
  • creates 2 identical cells
  • DNA is replicated once
  • there are the full 46 chromosomes in each cell
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24
Q

Bio: what is a diploid cell

A

A cell with the full amount of chromosomes is humans 23 pairs so 46 chromasones

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25
Q

Bio: what are gametes

A

They are sex cells, sperm and egg

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26
Q

Bio: what is the name for the enzyme that removes a gene used in genetic engineering

A

Restrictive enzyme

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27
Q

Bio: what enzyme is used to join 2 ends of DNA in genetic engineering

A

Ligaze

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28
Q

Bio: what is a trophic level

A

It is a level of consumers

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29
Q

Bio: where does the energy in a food chain come from

A

The sun

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30
Q

Bio: what is a hormone

A
  • It is chemical released by a gland that is carried through the blood to a target organ and effect a responce
  • A chemical messenger
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31
Q

Bio: where are hormones produced

A

Endocrine glands

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32
Q

Bio: where is insulin produced

A

Pancreas

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33
Q

Bio: biogas generators

A

They are an industrial device that completes anaerobic decomposition to produce methane that is in biogas

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34
Q

Bio: what organisms are decomposers

A
  • insects
  • fungi
  • bacteria
  • larvae
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35
Q

Bio: what does decomposition do

A

It returns nutrients to the environment and turns large organic compounds into simple molecules

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36
Q

Bio: how to bacteria and fungi digest

A

They excrete digestive enzymes onto the organic matter and then absorb the nutrients.

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37
Q

Bio: how do fungi and bacteria digest organic matter

A

They excrete enzymes onto the matter and then absorb the nutrients (Saprophytic)

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38
Q

Bio: what is a Saprophytic organisim

A

It is an organism that excretes enzymes onto its food and then absorbs the nutrients.

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39
Q

Bio: what are the 3 factors that effect the rate of decomposition

A
  • temperature
  • water concentration
  • oxygen concentration
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40
Q

Bio: what is anaerobic decay and what does it produce

A

This occurs when there is not enough oxygen present during decay and produces biogas which is mostly composed of methane, a good fuel

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41
Q

Chem: what is biogas mostly composed of

A

Methane, a good fuel

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42
Q

Bio: what is the carbon cycle

A
  • producers remove CO2 from the atmosphere by photosyntheses
  • animals eat theses plants and absorb carbon compounds
  • animals perform respiration which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
  • animals die and decomposers release carbon compounds into the atmosphere
  • also carbon can be released by the combustion of fossil fuels.
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43
Q

Bio: why does too much water hinder the rate of decay

A

Oxygen cannot get to the Side of decomoposition

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44
Q

Bio: rate of change equation for rate RP

A

Rate of change = change in indicator / time

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45
Q

Bio: what is the amount of biomass transferred between trophic levels

A

5-10%

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46
Q

Bio: what is homeostasis

A

It is the regulation of internal conditions in response to external changes

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47
Q

Bio: what is it called when the blood vessels widen

A

Vasodialation

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48
Q

Bio: what is it called when the blood vessels tighten

A

vasoconstriction

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49
Q

Bio: what is a control system

A

Automatic responses they use nervous and chemical responses, they consist of receptors, control centeres and effectors

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50
Q

Bio: what does a receptor do

A

It detects changes in internal or external environments

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51
Q

Bio: what do control centres do

A

They are areas that receive and process info from receptors and coordinate body response

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52
Q

Bio: what do effectors do

A

They affect a responce

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53
Q

Bio: through what are signals sent to and from the brain

A

Neurones

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54
Q

Bio: what are the 2 main parts of the nervous system

A
  • brain - coordinates the response of the effectors
  • spinal cord - the control centre for reflex response, important to coordinating the response of the effectors to environmental changes, reflex responce
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55
Q

Bio: what is a reflex

A

An involuntary action the is automatic, a rapid response to a stimulus

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56
Q

Bio: what does ADH stand for

A

Anti Diuretic hormone

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57
Q

Bio: what does the pupil reflex do

A

It is the dilation of the pupil

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58
Q

Bio: what are the receptors that detect changes in temperature

A

They are called thermoreceptors

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59
Q

Bio: what is the knee jerk reaction

A

sudden kicking movement of the lower leg in response to a sharp tap on the patellar tendon, which lies just below the kneecap

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60
Q

Bio: what are 2 respiratory reflexes

A

Coughing
Sneezing

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61
Q

Bio: what control centre do reflexes not include

A

The brain

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62
Q

Bio: where do synapses occur

A

At each junction of a reflex ark

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63
Q

Bio: what are synapses

A

They are gaps between the neurones

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64
Q

Bio: what is a reflex ark

A

Stimulus
- receptor
- sensory neurone
- relay neurone
- motor neurone
- effector
Responce

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65
Q

Bio: what are the chemicals that carry signals across the gap between the neurones

A

Neurotransmitters

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66
Q

Bio: how do the synapses work

A

Neurotransmitters move down the concentration gradient toward the other receptor and bind to it, this then repeats the signal

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67
Q

Bio: what is tropisim

A

Response of a plant to a stumulus

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68
Q

Bio: what is gertropisim

A

It is the response of a plant to gravity/orientation

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69
Q

Bio: what is gertropisim

A

It is the response of a plant to gravity/orientation

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70
Q

Bio: what is positive gertropisim

A

It is the movement of a part of a plant toward the centre of gravity (roots)

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71
Q

Bio: what is negative gertropisim

A

It is the movement of a part of a plant away from the centre of gravity (shoots)

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72
Q

Bio: what does auxin do in roots

A

It inhibits growth, drives them down

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73
Q

Bio: what does auxin do in shoots

A

It promotes growth

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74
Q

bio: what is the name given to cells that only have on copy of each chromosome

A

haploid cells

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75
Q

bio: what is known as a permanent change to the sequence of nucleotides

A

a mutation

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76
Q

Bio: what does auxin do to roots

A

It inhibits growth and drives the roots down

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77
Q

Bio: what does auxin do in shoots

A

It causes them to grow up

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78
Q

Bio: in what does auxin cause positive geotropisim

A

Roots

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79
Q

Bio: what is phototropisim

A

It is the response to the stimulus of light

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80
Q

Bio: what is geotropisim

A

It is the response to the stimulus of gravity

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81
Q

Bio: in what does auxin cause negative geotropisim

A

Shoots

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82
Q

Bio: how does auxin cause plants to grow towards light

A

Light breaks down auxin, auxin encourages growth and so the plant grows toward the light

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83
Q

Bio: what is myopia

A

It is short sightedness

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84
Q

Bio: what is hyperopia

A

It is long sightedness

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85
Q

Bio: what is astigmatisim

A

It is an asymmetry in the cornea/lens

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86
Q

Bio: what is the cornea

A

Refracts light - bends it as it enters the eye

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87
Q

Bio: what is the iris

A

It controls how much light enters the pupil

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88
Q

Bio: what does the lens do

A

Further refracts light

89
Q

Bio: what is the retina

A

Contains the light receptors

90
Q

Bio: what is the optic nerve

A

Carries impulses between the eye and the brain

91
Q

Bio: what is the sclera

A

Tough white outer layer of the eye, helps protect eye from injury

92
Q

Bio: what are the 2 homeostatic prosesses in the eye

A
  • accommodation - focusing ciliary muscle relaxes
  • light intensity - greater the intensity smaller the apature
93
Q

Bio: what is accomodation in the eye

A

Accommodation - homeostasis of the eye - focusing - far away, ciliary muscle relaxes

94
Q

Bio: what is light intensity himeostasis in the eye

A

Light intensity, greater the intensity smaller the apature

95
Q

Bio: what does the cerebrum do

A

Higher thinking

96
Q

Bio: what is the cerebellum

A

Balance and control

97
Q

Bio: what does the hypothalamus do

A

It controls:
- body temp
- hunger
- mood
- sex drive
- blood pressure
- sleep
- thirst

98
Q

Bio: what does the medela oblongada do

A

It controls:
- heartbeat
- breathing
- blood pressure

99
Q

Bio: what does the pituatary gland do

A

It regulates growth and metabolisim

100
Q

Bio: what affect does light have on the roots

A

Auxin builds up facing down, light source is up, auxin breaks down in present of light, auxins in roots inhibit growth and so the part facing the light grows more moving the plant away from the light

101
Q

Bio: what are the 3 main uses of auxin

A
  • plant clones - tissue culture
  • rooting - taking cuttings of a plant and use rooting compound (contains auxin) to stimulate root growth in cutting)
  • weedkiller - too much auxin can ruing a plants growth cycles killing it
102
Q

Bio: what does ethene do in plants

A

Controls cell division during growth

103
Q

Bio: what can ethene be used for in plants

A

It can be used to ripen plants for sale after transport

104
Q

Bio: what does gibberelin do

A

Controls growth and development

105
Q

Bio: what are the uses of gibberelin

A
  • controlling dormancy - inducing germination
  • inducing flowering
  • growing larger fruits
106
Q

Bio: what part of the plant produces auxins

107
Q

Bio: what does dna encode for

108
Q

Bio: what is a nucleotide of dna

A

It is one sugar one phosphate and a bace

109
Q

Bio: what is the sugar phosphate backbone

110
Q

Bio: what is mRNA

A

It is messenger RNA

111
Q

Bio: what is tRNA

A

It is transfer RNA

112
Q

Bio: what is tRNA specific to

A

It is specific to one codon

113
Q

Bio: what is a codon

A

It is a specific combination of 3 baces

114
Q

Bio: what is it that goes along the DNA and copies it

A

It is RNA polymerase

115
Q

Bio: explain the process of protein synthesis

A
  • RNA polymerase goes along the DNA and copies it creating mRNA
  • the mRNA leaves the nucleus and is bonded to by a ribosome
  • mRNA is fed through the ribosomes and each codon of 3 baces pairs is read by an anticodon (with tRNA at the end)
  • by this the next amino acid “added” to the growing chain which then becomes a protein
116
Q

Bio: what is variation in terns of inheritance and responce

A

It is the difference between individuals

117
Q

Bio: what are the 2 types of twins in humans

A
  • dizygotic - like 2 separate pregnancies
  • monozygotic - identical
118
Q

Bio: what type of pregnancy makes identical (monozygotic) twins more common

A

Artificial insemination

119
Q

Bio: what are the male plant gametes

A

They are pollen

120
Q

Bio: what are the female plant gametes

121
Q

Bio: what are the stages for genetic engineering

enzymes

A
  1. Enzymes isolate the required gene and then it is inserted into a vector (such as bacterial plasmid or virus)
  2. Vector transports gene to required cell
  3. Genes are transferred at the early stages of development to ensure that the organism develops with the wanted characteristics
122
Q

Bio: what are 4 abiotic factors that could affect the population of a species

A
  • water
  • oxygen / air
  • temperature
  • minerals
  • pH
123
Q

Bio: what are 3 biotics factors that could affect the population of a species

A
  • food
  • predators
  • disease
124
Q

Bio: how many times is the DnA replicated in meiosis

125
Q

Bio: how many times is the DnA replicated in mitosis

126
Q

Bio: how do identical twins occurs

A

1 egg is fertilised and early on in its division it splits into 2 eggs

127
Q

Bio: how do non-identical (fraternal) twins occur

A

2 eggs 2 sperm

128
Q

Bio: how was the first sheep cloned

A
  1. They egg 1 taken from ewe one, nucleus is taken out
  2. A nucleus from ewe 2 is taken from the cells and added to the egg, it begins to divide
  3. The embryo is put in the uterus of ewe 3
129
Q

Bio: what type of organisms do binary fission and what what type of cells are produced

A

Procaryotes, clones

130
Q

Bio: in cloning is the egg cell fertilised or not

131
Q

Bio: what are plant stem cells

property

A

They are pluripotent, they can divide to become any type of cell

132
Q

Bio: what is deamination

A

It is the breakdown of proteins and the creation of amino acids, its process is this:
1. protein
2. amino acid
3. ammonia
4. urea

133
Q

Bio: what is the site of deamination

A

It is in the liver

134
Q

Bio: how did Charles Darwin prove tropisim

A
  • he took some plants, removed the tips, and covered them with an opaque cap, a cylinder
  • he found that the tip grew straight up, when the tip was covered by a transparent cap, it moved towards the light
  • he also covered the site of curvature and found that it went towards the light
135
Q

Bio: what type of lens can be used to correct myopia

A

A concave lens

136
Q

Bio: what type of lens can be used to correct hyperopia

A

A convex lens

137
Q

Bio: what is the homeostatic reaction to the cold

A
  • shivering - movement, muscles release more though respiration energy and so heat
  • vasoconstriction - reduced blood flow to the extremities such as the arms
  • goosebumps - raises hairs and traps air near the skin
138
Q

Bio: what is the negative feedback loop of blood glucose control

139
Q

bio: what is the endocrine system

A

it is the hormonal system, it uses chemical messengers (hormones) instead of nerves

140
Q

bio: what does thyroxin control

A

basal (resting) metabolic rate

141
Q

bio: how does thyroxin operate

A
  • when the concentration of thyroid hormones (such as thyroxin) is low TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) is released that stimulates the production of thyroxin
  • when the conc of thyroid hormones is high, TSH production decreases
142
Q

bio: what releases thyroxin

A

the thyroid gland

143
Q

bio: what does thyroxin do in young animals

A

it regulates growth and brain development

144
Q

bio: where is adrenaline released

A

the adrenal gland

145
Q

bio: what does adrenaline control and what does it stimulate these things to do

A
  • heart rate - it increases this
  • lungs - it enlarges the air passages in the lungs and alters the metabolism to boost delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles
  • fight or flight - adrenaline prepares the body to more and think quickly
146
Q

bio: what effect does adrenaline have on the lungs

147
Q

Bio: where is the relay neurone located

A

In the spinal cord

148
Q

Bio: why is the relay neurone important

A

It cuts out the brain, increasing speed

149
Q

Bio: what does adrenaline do to the pupils

A

It dilates them

150
Q

Bio: what does adrenaline do to the heart rate and blood pressure

A

It increases blood pressure

151
Q

Bio: what is the effect of too much glucose on the body

A

It can have a negative affect to osmosis by affecting concentration gradients

152
Q

Bio: what is the effect of too little glucose

A

Less glucose for respiration

153
Q

Bio: in what organ is the glucose detected

A

The pancreas

154
Q

Bio: what is the treatment for kidney failure

155
Q

Bio: what is the process for dialysis

A
  • patients blood flows into the machine
  • the machine contains fluid that has the optimum levels of salts and glucose for a healthy persons blood
  • patients blood passes over a semi permeable membraine that replicated the kidney tubes
  • the dialysis fluid created as a concentration gradient and excess ions and glucose diffuse from on side to another
156
Q

Bio: what are the pros of dialysis

A
  • life saving
  • more time to find a donor kidney
157
Q

Bio: what are the cons of dialysis

A
  • needed 3 times a week and takes 3 - 4 hours
  • expensive
  • increased risk of clots and infections
158
Q

Bio: who can give a kidney transplant

A
  • a close relative
  • someone who has recently died, on the organ donor register, with a tissue match
159
Q

Bio: what do most people who have had a kidney transplant have to take for the rest of their life’s and why

A
  • immunosuppressants
  • to stop their immune system from attacking the foreign kidney cells
161
Q

Bio: what factors can affect the water balance

A
  • sweating
  • eating too much salt
  • exhalation - water lust from lungs by the breath
  • illness
162
Q

Bio: how is urine produced

A

Each kidney contains very small structures called nephrons, these stages happen at them:
- urafiltration
- selective reabsorbtion

163
Q

Bio: what is the process for urafiltration

A

The blood is filtered, all water, urea and salts move into the nephron tubules, blood cells and proteins remain in the blood as the are too big to move across the capillary walls

164
Q

Bio: what is the process for selective re-absorption

A

Useful substances including water in the nephron are re-absorbed from the nephron tubule back into the bloodstream, this leaves urea, excess water and salts in the tubule, this mixture forms urine that then moves to the bladder

165
Q

Bio:

166
Q

Bio: what hormones control the water concentration in the blood

A

ADH - anti-diuretic hormone

167
Q

Bio: what is the process for the control of water concentration in the blood

A
  • too little water, when there is too much water in the blood, the hypothalimus triggers the pituitary gland to release AHD, this increases the permeability of the of the kidney tubes meaning that more water is re-absorbed, this means that there is a small volume of water in the urine
  • too much water, hypothalimus triggers the pituitary gland to stop releasing ADH and the water re-absorbed decreases as the permeability of the kidney tubes decreases
168
Q

Bio: define permiability

A

The ability of things to pass through

169
Q

bio: what are the suspensory ligaments

A

They are a ring of fibres that connect the ciliary muscles to the lens

171
Q

Bio: what are the ciliary muscles

A

They are a ring of smooth muscle that can change the shape of the lens, this is the way the eye focuses light

172
Q

Bio: how does the eye focus on a close object

A

The ciliary muscles contract, the suspensory ligaments loosen, the lens becomes thicker and rounder, light is refracted significantly

173
Q

Bio: how does the eye focus on things far away

A

They ciliary muscles relax and the suspensory ligaments tighten, the lens becomes flatter and thinner, light is refracted less

174
Q

Bio: what is retina sacnning

A

Retina scanning looks at the pattern of blood vessels in your retina to identify you

175
Q

Bio: what is the male response to puberty

A
  • testosterone rises, sperm produced
  • underarm, facial and pubic hair grow
  • voice deepens
176
Q

Bio: what is the female response to puberty

A
  • oestrogen rises, mensural cycle is triggered
  • underarm and pubic hair grows
  • breasts enlarge
177
Q

Bio: what are the 4 hormones that control the mensural cycle

A
  • FSH
  • oestrogen
  • LH
  • progesterone
179
Q

Bio: what does progesterone do

A

It is responsible for maintaining the uterine lining

180
Q

Bio: what are the 3 ways of fossils being produced

A
  • soft materials harden, this can produce casts or impressions
  • preservation, where decomposers cannot act, e.g. extremely low temps, preservation is possible
  • mineral replacement, hard parts of organisms are gradually replaced by minerals as they slowly decay, this creates a rock like substance
181
Q

Bio: what things can cause slower extinctions

A

geological and atmospheric changes, over a longer period

182
Q

Bio: what can cause short term extinctions

A
  • large volcanic eruptions
  • meteorite impact
183
Q

Bio: how is a community stable

A

When all the species and environmental factors are balanced and population sized stay more or less constant

184
Q

Bio: what are quadrant and what are they used for

A

they are square frames that can be used to estimate population sizes

185
Q

bio: what is a transect and what/how is it used

A
  • they can be used to investigate the effect of a factor on that distribution of a species
  • a transect line is a piece of tape that is stretched across that habitat of interest
  • quadrantal re placed at regular intervals along the line
186
Q

Bio: what is peat and how does it effect climate change

A

It is a deposit of partially decayed matter, destruction of peat bogs had become more common, they are destroyed by burning or decay, these processes release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, this also decreases biodiversity

187
Q

bio: what can gardeners use peat for

188
Q

Bio: what are the 3 forms of contraception that do not have to be taken daily

A
  • contraceptive patch - releases progesterone, lasts a week
  • implant - lasts for 3 years, releases small amounts of progesterone
  • injection - up to 3 months, contains progesterone
189
Q

Bio: what are the 2 types of contraceptive pill

A
  • combined pill
  • progesterone only pill
190
Q

Bio: how does the progesterone only pill work

A
  • stimulates production of thick slimy mucus, very difficult for sperm to penetrate
  • inhibits the release of FSH so eggs don’t mature
191
Q

Bio: how does the combined pill work

A
  • contains both oestrogen and progesterone
  • taken every day, enough oestrogen builds up to inhibit the production of FSH so no eggs mature
192
Q

Bio: what are the 2 types of contraception that are inserted into the woman’s body

A
  • diaphragms - a shallow plastic cup, inserted into vagina before intercourse and sits at the entrance to the uterus, prevents sperm from reaching the egg, can be covered in spermicide that can kill sperm
  • IUDs (intrauterine devices) - aka the coil, t shaped devices inserted into the uterus, they prevent the implant of an embryo, some of the also release progesterone
193
Q

Bio: what are the 3 types of male contraception

A
  • condoms
  • sterilisation
  • natural methods - timing so as not to have intercourse surfing ovulation
194
Q

Bio: how can men be sterilised

A

Sperm ducts are cut, so sperm not released on ejaculation

195
Q

Bio: how can women be sterilised

A

Fallopian tubes cut, eggs cannot reach the uterous

196
Q

Make card on mensural hormones

197
Q

bio: what are 3 roles of protiens in the body

A
  • enzymes
  • haemoglobin
  • antibiodies
198
Q

Bio: what is food security

A

It will be achieved when the whole global human population has access to enough food to stay healthy

199
Q

Bio: what are the factors that can affect the goal of achieving food security

A
  • birth rates
  • new plants/pathogens
  • extreme meteorological events
  • conflicts
  • costs of agricultural inputs
  • diet shifts
200
Q

Bio: what is mycoprotein

A

It is a food source that is high in fibre and low in fat, suitable for vegitarians

201
Q

Bio: how is mycoprotein produced

A

It is produced by growing the fungus fusarium in VATS called fermenters under aerobic conditions, by using glucose syrup as a food source

202
Q

bio: what are the 2 types of biotechnology you need to know

A
  • growing microorganisms for food (mycoprotein)
  • genetic modification
203
Q

Bio: what is an example of a genetically modified crop

A

golden rice - it is a genetically modified rice that contains a molecule that helps make vitamin A

204
Q

Bio: what is golden rice modified to contain

A

A molecule that helps make vitamin A

205
Q

Bio: what affects can declining fish stock have

A
  • financial issues
  • food security is threatened
  • food chains are affected
  • populations can be at risk
206
Q

Bio: what are sustainable fisheries

A

Sustainable fisheries do not catch fish at a faster rate than they can reproduce

207
Q

Bio: what allow sustainable fisheries to operate

A
  • net sized is regulated
  • fishing quotas
208
Q

Bio: what are fishing quotas

A

They restrict the number and size of fish that can be legally caught

209
Q

Bio: how is net size regulated

A

Controlling the size of the holes in the nets allow the smaller and younger fish to slip though the net so they can survive (at least) to maturity

210
Q

Bio: why do farmers feed their animals high protein foods

A

Because it can boost their growth rates

211
Q

Bio: why does shortening food chains increase farm efficiency

A

Only abt 10% of energy passes between the trophic levels, stopping this greatly increases efficiency

212
Q

Bio: how can energy be saved when rearing livestock (by limiting their energy expendature

A

Keeping them warm and limiting their movement

213
Q

Bio: what is the fungus that is used to make mycoprotien

214
Q

Bio: why do fruit ripen faster when in the presence of banana

A

Beavsusre they release ethene which causes them to ripen faster

215
Q

Bio: how do non-coding (those that don’t code for proteins) affect the expression of genes

A

They can turn genes on/off

216
Q

Bio: where in the brain in the hypothalimus

217
Q

Bio: what in the brain is the cerebellum

218
Q

bio: where in the brain is the Medela oblongada

219
Q

Bio: where in the brain is the cerebrum

GCSEs (34 decks)

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