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Physics Paper 1 Flashcards

Paper 1 and paper 2

1
Q

Phys: what does a step up transformer do

A

It increases pd and reduces current

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2
Q

Phys: what does a step down transformer do

A

It decrease pd and increases current

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3
Q

Phys: what is velocity

A

It is a vector quantity that measures speed and distance.

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4
Q

Phys: what is a scalar quantity

A

It is a quantity measured solely by one value

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5
Q

Phys: what is the equation for work done

A

W = F x D

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6
Q

Phys: what is the equation for spring constant

A

Force / extension

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7
Q

Phys: what is the equation for elastic potential energy

A

0.5 x k x e^2 (half x spring constant x extension squared)

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8
Q

Phys: what happens to resistance in parallel

A

It is smaller than the smallest resistor

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9
Q

Phys: what happens to current in parallel

A

Current splits among the loops based upon the resistances of the components
If one loop has a resistance of 6 ohms and one a resistance of 3 and the total current is 3A, the first loop has 2A and the second 1A

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10
Q

Phys: what happens to p.d. in parallel

A

P.d. Is constant among the loops

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11
Q

Phys: what happens to current in series

A

Current is constant

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12
Q

Phys: what happens to p.d. In series

A

P.d. Is shared among the components

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13
Q

Phys: what happens to resistance in series

A

It is a sum if the resistors

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14
Q

Phys: what is electrical work done

A

It is the work done when current flows, its equation is E = VIT

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15
Q

Phys: how many electrons in one coloumb

A

6.24 x 10^18 electrons

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16
Q

Phys: what is current

A

The rate of flow of charge

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17
Q

Phys: what is potential difference

A

It is a measure of work done / energy transferred, per coloumb of charge

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18
Q

Phys: which direction does conventional current flow (SKIP

A

Anti clockwise ( NOTE; I DONT THICK THIS ACTUALLY MATTERS BC ITS GOES POS - NEG SO IT DEPENDS OF THE WAY THE BATTERY IS FACING: Adi)

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19
Q

Phys: how is resistance caused in a wire

A

The electrons collide with he side of the wire or on the metal ions in the wire because the electrons do not take a straight path

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20
Q

Phys: what is ohms law and name one ohmic conductor

A

Current is directly proportional to resistance, a reisstor follows ohms law

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21
Q

Phys: what is direct potential differnece

A

P.d. With a constant polarity

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22
Q

Phys: what is alternating p.d.

A

P.d. Polarity keeps switching

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23
Q

Phys: what is mains electricity in hz and p.d.

A

50Hz alternating p.d. And 230v

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24
Q

Phys: what is chemical energy stored in

A

The bonds in the atoms

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25
Q

Phys: what is activity

A

The amount of deacys per second

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26
Q

Phys: what is a bequerel

A

Bq it is the unit of activity

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27
Q

Phys: what is a half life

A

The avarage time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei to decay

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28
Q

Phys: what is the equation for latent heat

A

Energy/mass

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29
Q

Phys: what is latent heat

A

The energy required to change a substances state without changing its temeprature

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30
Q

Phys: what is specific heat capacity

A

The energy required to change the temp of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree C

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31
Q

Phys: what is nuclear fusion

A

Is is where small nuclei form larger particles

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32
Q

Phys: during fusion what elements and what else is produced

A

Deuterium, tritium, helium is produced and one neutron

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33
Q

Phys: what is binding energy

A

The energy required to remove a particle from a system

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34
Q

Phys: what is sublimation

A

When a substance changes state from solid to gas without becoming a liquid

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35
Q

Phys: what is the specific heat capacity of water

A

4200 j/kg°C

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36
Q

Phys: what materials are attracted by magnets

A

Magnetic (cobalt nickel iron) or charged objects

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37
Q

Phys: what is conventional current

A

Current flowing from pos to neg

38
Q

Phys: define half life in 3 ways

A
  • time for activity to half
  • time for count rate to half
  • time for number of radioactive isotopes to decay
39
Q

Phys: how do you calculate rate on a curve

A

Draw a tangent and do change in y over change in x

40
Q

Phys: what is activity (equation)

A

Number of decays / time, measured in Bq

41
Q

Phys: explain how you get an electric shock from a live wire

A
  • You complete the circuit by grounding it
  • there is a potential difference between you and the wire
  • current flows through you
42
Q

Phys: define electric fields, what direction does it go

A

The region around a charged particle where another charged particle will feel a force, it goes from positive to negative, or in a positive charge outward

43
Q

Phys: define velocity

A

The speed in a certain direction

44
Q

Phys: define induced magnet

A

It is an object that is a magnet when it is in a magneti field

45
Q

Phys: what is a GJ

A

Billion joules

46
Q

Phys: describe the process of nuclear fission

A

-uranium NUCLEUS
-absorbs a neutron
-becomes unstable and splits, forming 2 smaller daughter nuclei of similar size
-releases 2 or 3 neutrons gamma rays and some mass converted to energy

47
Q

Phys: what is the equation for charge

A

Q = I x t

48
Q

Phys: what is the equation for electrical energy

A

E = Q x V

49
Q

Phys: what happens to an LDR when light intensity increases

A

Resistance decreases
Current increases

50
Q

Phys: what happens to a thermistor when heat increases

A

Resistance decreases
Current increases

51
Q

Phys: what is faster to cool down, high or low specific heat capacity

A

Low

52
Q

Phys what is slower to cool down, high or low specific heat capacity

A

High

53
Q

Phys: what happens in beta decay

A

One neutron splits into a proton and an electron, this increases the charge of the nucleus, the proton number goes up

54
Q

Phys: if you touch a van de Graf generator what charge do you gain

A

The same charge as the generator

55
Q

Phys: what is the average range for human reaction speed

A

0.2 to 0.9

56
Q

Phys: what is the equation for stopping distance

A

Stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance

57
Q

Phys: What affect does mass have on breaking distance

A

Greater mass = greater Ke, means it takes longer to stop with the same friction and speed

58
Q

Phys: what equation links resistance, power and current

A

P = I^2R

59
Q

Phys: what equation links power, current and voltage

A

P = IV

60
Q

Phys: what equation links voltage current and resistance

A

V = IR

61
Q

Phys: what is the equation for Ke

A

Ke = 1/2 x mass x velocity^2

62
Q

Phys: what is the equation for elastic potential energy

A

Epe = 1/2 x constant x extension^2

63
Q

Phys: what is the equation for GPE

A

GPE = M x H x G ( Mass X Hight X Gravity )

64
Q

Phys: what is the equation that links charge, time and current

A

Charge = current x time
Q = It

65
Q

phys: who came up with the plum pudding model, when?

A

JJ thompson, 1897

66
Q

phys: who thought the atom was a nucleus with all of the posotive charge in the center and a cloud of neagtive charge, when

A

Ernest Rutherford, 1909

67
Q

phys: who came up with the idea that electrons were in shells with orbits, and when?

A

Niels Bohr, 1913

68
Q

phys: who came up with the idea of protons, when?

A

Rutherford, 1919

69
Q

phys: who came up with the idea of neutrons and when

A

James Chadwick, 1932

70
Q

phys: what are the 4 properties of solids

A
  • the most dence of the states of matter
  • in a regular arrangement
  • particles vibrate around a fixed position
  • they have strong intermolecular forces of attraction
71
Q

phys: what are the 4 properties of liquids

A
  • they are less dence than a solid
  • they are in an irregular arrangement
  • particles can flow over and around eachother
  • they have weaker intermolecular forces of attraction than solids
72
Q

phys: what are the 4 properties of gases

A
  • they have an irregular arrangement
  • they are in constant random motion
  • no intermolecular forces of attraction
  • it has the lowest dencity of the states of matter and there are large gaps between the atoms
73
Q

Phys: what is the equation for latent heat

A

Energy/mass

74
Q

Phys: what are the 2 parts of the internal store

A
  • Ke of the particles due to their movement (temp)
  • potential energy due to their position (state)
75
Q

Phys: what is the device used to measure the volume of a irregular shaped object

A

eureka can

76
Q

Phys: what is a rheostat

A

It is a type of variable resistor

77
Q

phys: is force vector or scalar

A

vector

78
Q

Phys: How to calculate half life

A

Half life = 0.693/decay constant

79
Q

Phys: in mains electricity what colour is the live wire

A

Brown

80
Q

Phys: in mains electricity what colour is the neutral wire

A

Blue

81
Q

Phys: in mains electricity what colour is the earth wire

A

Green and yellow

82
Q

Phys: what wire is connected to the fuse in plug

A

Live

83
Q

Phys: what is 2.55 +/- 0.1 g/cm^3

A

Lower bound: 2.45
Upper bound: 2.65

84
Q

Phys: why is a mean more accurate

A

Becuse it reduces the affect or random errors

85
Q

Phys: what does the inside of a plug look like

A
86
Q

Phys: define a closed system

A

​A system that experiences no net change in its total energy when energy transfers occur within it

87
Q

Phys: what happens when a student touches a positively charged van de Graf generator

A

The gain the same charge as it because electrons are transferred

88
Q

Phys: what material will beta radiation not penetrate

A

Aluminium sheet

89
Q

Phys: how far can alpha radiation travel in air

A

~3cm

90
Q

Phys: why does pressure increase in a syringe when it s plunger is pushed

A
  • air particles are closer together
  • freq of collisions between particles and syringe will increase
  • large force for smaller area means higher pressure.
91
Q

Phys: define efficiency

A

The proportion of energy transferred efficiently

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