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Microbiology PowerPoint Flashcards > Physical Growth Requirements (Chapter 8 + 9) > Flashcards

Physical Growth Requirements (Chapter 8 + 9) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Each microbe has a certain range of temperatures in which it will be able to -

A

Grow

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2
Q

Lowest temp at which an organism can conduct metabolism =

A

Minimum Growth Temp

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3
Q

Usually results in slow growth =

A

Minimum Growth Temp + Maximum Growth Temp

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4
Q

When temp exceeds this value, an organisms proteins become denatures and it dies =

A

Maximum Growth Temp

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5
Q

Temp at which an organism’s metabolic activities produce the highest growth rate =

A

Optimal Growth Temp

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6
Q

Microbes can be classified or distinguished from one another based on the-

A

Temp range at which a microbe can grow

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7
Q

Best below 15c. Can even grow below 0c. Die above 20c =

A

Psychrophiles

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8
Q

Algae, fungi, archaea + bacteria living in snowfields, ice, cold water =

A

Psychrophiles

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9
Q

Tolerate but don’t grow best in cold. Typically grow best from 20-25c but range is from 0-45c =

A

Psychrotolerants (Psychotrophs)

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10
Q

Listeria monocytogenes + Bacterial pathogen that grows in refrigerated food =

A

Psychrotrophs

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11
Q

Grow best between 20-40c =

A

Mesophiles

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12
Q

Most human pathogens =

A

37c

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13
Q

Grow above 45 =

A

Thermophiles

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14
Q

Grow above 80c =

A

Hyperthermiles

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15
Q

Thermophiles + Hyperthermophiles are not-

A

Pathogens

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16
Q

Psychrophiles don’t cause-

A

Disease

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17
Q

Scale or range of free H+ or free OH- ions in a solution =

A

pH

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18
Q

The more H+, the more-

A

Acidic

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19
Q

The more the OH-, the more -

A

Basic (Alkaline)

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20
Q

Below 7 =

A

Acidic

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21
Q

7 =

A

Neutral

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22
Q

Above 7 =

A

Basic/ Alkaline

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23
Q

Microbes are sensitive in changes to-

A

Acidity

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24
Q

Grow best in a neutral range around neutral pH =

A

Neutrophiles

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25
Q

Most bacteria + Most protozoa + Most Pathogens =

A

Neutrophiles

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26
Q

Neutrophiles grow between-

A

6.5-7.5

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27
Q

Grow best in acidic environments =

A

Acidophiles

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28
Q

Most bacteria + Most Fungi =

A

Acidophiles

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29
Q

Live in alkaline soils + water =

A

Alkaliphiles

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30
Q

Grow up to 11.5 =

A

Alkaliphiles

31
Q

Vibrio Cholerae (Up to 9) =

A

Alkaliphile

32
Q

Pressure exerted on a semi-permeable membrane by a solution containing solutes that can’t freely cross the membrane =

A

Osmotic Pressure

33
Q

Hypotonic solutions have-

A

Lower solute concentrations

34
Q

When a cell is placed into a hypotonic solution it -

A

Swells

35
Q

Hypertonic solutions have -

A

Greater solute concentrations

36
Q

When a cell is placed into a hypertonic solution it-

A

Shrivels

37
Q

Osmotic pressure restricts organisms to-

A

Certain Environments

38
Q

Require high salt =

A

Obligate Halophile

39
Q

Tolerates high salt =

A

Facultative Halophile

40
Q

Staphylococcus aureus tolerates up to what % of salt in order to colonize the skin?

A

20%

41
Q

The Staphylococcus aureus is a -

A

Facultative Halophile

42
Q

Protects cells from osmotic pressure =

A

Cell wall

43
Q

Cell wall is important because it-

A

Protects against the transport of water

44
Q

The force water exerts on the cell membrane =

A

Osmotic pressure

45
Q

When there’s more solutes inside the cell than outside, water-

A

Moves into the cell and causes it to burst

46
Q

When there’s more solutes inside the cell than outside, water moves into the cell in order to-

A

Establish equilibrium

47
Q

When the cell membrane shrink and detaches itself from the cell wall =

A

Plasmolysis

48
Q

Plasmolysis occurs in-

A

Hypertonic Solutions

49
Q

Very salty/ sugary foods cause cells to -

A

Lose water

50
Q

Cell shrinkage is reversible but will eventually lead to-

A

Cell death

51
Q

What’s essential for obligate aerobes?

A

Oxygen

52
Q

Oxygen is deadly for-

A

Obligate Anaerobes

53
Q

Oxidation can cause irreparable damage to to certain cells like-

A

DNA Damage + Damage Lipids (Cell Membrane Damage)

54
Q

Toxic forms of oxygen are highly reactive + excellent oxidizing agents.

True or false?

A

True

55
Q

Obligate Aerobes are also called

Obligate Anaerobes =

A

= Strict Aerobes

= Strict Anaerobes

56
Q

Microaerophiles require oxygen levels of-

A

2-10 %

57
Q

Chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life=

A

Metabolism

58
Q

How can facultative anaerobes survive without oxygen being present?

A

By making enzymes that detoxify oxygen’s poisonous forms + being able to switch between methods of energy production

59
Q

How can aerotolerant anaerobes survive with the presence of oxygen?

A

By making enzymes the detoxify the poisonous forms

60
Q

Catabolic reaction -

A

Releases energy

61
Q

Anabolic reaction -

A

Requires energy

62
Q

Breaking down molecules =

A

Catabolic reaction

63
Q

Building Molecules =

A

Anabolic Reaction

64
Q

Substances that increase the likelihood of chemical reaction =

A

Catalyst

65
Q

Organic Catalysts =

A

Emzymes

66
Q

What always ends with the suffix -ase ?

A

Enzymes

67
Q

The energy required to initiate a chemical reaction =

A

Enzyme

68
Q

Break molecules by adding water (hydrolysis) =

A

Hydrolase’s

69
Q

Ligands (Polymerase’s) join-

A

Molecules

70
Q

Make their own food, photosynthetic organisms =

A

Autotrophs

71
Q

Catabolize organic molecules acquired from other organisms =

A

Heterotrophs

72
Q

Adenosine Triphosate (ATP) =

A

Energy currency in the cell

73
Q

Simple sugars like glucose are great to be converted to-

A

ATP

Microbiology PowerPoint Flashcards (18 decks)

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