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Microbiology PowerPoint Flashcards > Chapter 15 (Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity) > Flashcards

Chapter 15 (Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

All of the microbes that are associated with a certain organism or environment =

A

Microbiome

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2
Q

Microbes that come in contact with your body but can’t establish themselves there long-term; often include pathogens =

A

Transient Microbiota

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3
Q

The microbes that constantly live on one’s body =

A

Resident Microbiota

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4
Q

Cause disease in the host in almost every case =

A

Primary Pathogen

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5
Q

Can only cause disease in the host in certain situations =

A

Opportunistic Pathogen

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6
Q

What specific situations can an opportunistic pathogen affect you?

A

When your immune defense are weaker, if the host is introduced to a new environment, when bacteria that normally live in the mouth get into a cut in the gums and cause an infection

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7
Q

Condition where the normal structure/functions of the body are damaged/impaired =

A

Disease

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8
Q

How can diseases be classified?

A

Taxonomic Categories
The body system they effect
Their longevity + severity
How they are spread to their host
The effects they have on populations

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9
Q

Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the PT =

A

Symptoms

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10
Q

Objective manifestations of disease observed or measured by others =

A

Signs

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11
Q

Infections lack symptoms but may still have signs of infection =

A

Asymptomatic or Subclinical

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12
Q

Symptoms develop rapidly; runs its course quickly =

A

Acute Disease

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13
Q

Usually has mild symptoms that develop slowly and last a long time =

A

Chronic Disease

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14
Q

Disease without symptoms =

A

Asymptomatic Disease

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15
Q

Disease that appears a long time after infection =

A

Latent Disease

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16
Q

Can be transferred to one another =

A

Communicable Disease

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17
Q

A communicable disease that is easily spread =

A

Contagious Disease

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18
Q

Disease that can’t be spread from person to person =

A

Noncommunicable Disease

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19
Q

Initial infection within a given PT =

A

Primary Infection

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20
Q

Infections that follow a primary infection; often opportunistic pathogens =

A

Secondary Infection

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21
Q

Many infectious diseases have how many stages following an infection?

A

5

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22
Q

What are the 5 stages following an infection?

A

Incubation Period, Prodromal Period, Illness, Decline, Convalescence

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23
Q

Can infectious diseases be contagious during any period of the five stages?

A

Yes, but it depends on the pathogen and the nature of the disease

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24
Q

Interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms =

A

Incubation Period

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25
Q

Short period after incubation; early, mild symptoms =

A

Prodromal Periods

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26
Q

Disease is most severe =

A

Period of Illness

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27
Q

Signs and symptoms subside =

A

Period of decline

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28
Q

Body returns to its pre-diseased state =

A

Period of Convalescence

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29
Q

The manner of developing a disease =

A

Pathogenesis

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30
Q

What are the 5 steps of pathogenesis in order?

A

Exposure/Contact
Adhesion
Invasion
Infection
Transmission

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31
Q

Pathogen gains entry to the host =

A

Exposure/ Contact

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32
Q

Pathogen colonizes the host =

A

Adhesion

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33
Q

Pathogen evades/ overcomes host immune response =

A

Invasion

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34
Q

Pathogen spreads, multiplies + causes damages to the host =

A

Infection

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35
Q

Pathogens leave the original host to infect new susceptible host =

A

Transmission

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36
Q

Tiny, microscopic cuts =

A

Microabrasians

37
Q

Microabrasians are considered what kind of route for pathogens to take?

A

A Parenteral Route

38
Q

What do the mucous membranes line in the body?

A

The Respiratory Tract
GI Tract
Genitourinary Tract

39
Q

Parenteral Routes for pathogens to take include-

A

Wounds, Insect Bites, Animal Bites, and Needle Pricks

40
Q

Breaches in the protective barriers of the skin + mucous membranes =

A

Parenteral Routes

41
Q

Outer covering of mucous membranes =

A

Epithelium

42
Q

Are epithelial cells alive?

A

Yes

43
Q

Shedding of dead skin removes-

A

Microbes

44
Q

What’s below epithelium to kill pathogens?

A

Immune Cells

45
Q

How many layers of epithelium?

A

2

46
Q

Can be a routes of exposure for a fetus =

A

Placenta or Vaginal Birth

47
Q

Ability of a pathogen to attach to cells in the body =

A

Adhesion

48
Q

What do pathogens use to attach to cells in the body?

A

Adhesion Factors

49
Q

Microbial Structures that are Important for adhesion =

A

Virulence Factors

50
Q

Virulence Factors include:

A

Adhesins
Viral Spikes
Glycocalyces

51
Q

A type of infection that’s restricted to a confined area; usually near portal of entry =

A

Local

52
Q

Infection that spreads to a secondary location =

A

Focal

53
Q

An infection that spreads throughout the body =

A

Systemic

54
Q

What’s an example of a portal of exit?

A

Bodily Fluids

55
Q

Avirulent =

A

Not Harmful

56
Q

Almost always disease-causing =

A

Highly Virulent

57
Q

Can an organism that isn’t very virulent still cause a disease?

A

Yes, but symptoms may be small or person may be asymptomatic

58
Q

Tendency of a pathogen to cause damage/disease to a host =

A

Virulence

59
Q

Adhesion factors, Exoenzymes, Toxins =

A

Virulence Factors

60
Q

Extracellular enzymes that get released by a pathogen =

A

Extracellular Enzymesm

61
Q

Mutant Species of pathogen that doesn’t secrete Exoenzymes =

A

Avirulent

62
Q

Examples of Exoenzymes:

A

Hyaluronidase + Collagenase

63
Q

Collagenase breaks down -

A

Collagen

64
Q

Is collagen a major structural protein in the body?

A

Yup

65
Q

Hyaluranan =

A

The “glue” that holds animal cells together

66
Q

Hyaluronidase breaks down=

A

Hyaluronidase

67
Q

A single-cell layer of some blood vessels =

A

Endothelium

68
Q

Collagen is a part of-

A

Connective Tissue + The Endothelium

69
Q

What are the two types of bacterial toxins?

A

Exotoxins & Endotoxins

70
Q

Exotoxins are produced where and why?

A

Inside the bacterial cell to be released outside of the cell

71
Q

How many types of exotoxins?

A

3

72
Q

Generally kill host cells or affect their function =

A

Cytotoxins

73
Q

Specifically interfere with nerve cell function =

A

Neurotoxins

74
Q

Affect cells lining the GI tract =

A

Enterotoxins

75
Q

What are the 3 types of exotoxins?

A

Cytotoxins
Neurotoxins
Enterotoxins

76
Q

Chemicals that harm tissues / trigger host immune responses causing damage =

A

Toxins

77
Q

Toxins that have 2 distinct parts =

A

A-B Toxins

78
Q

The outer-membrane of Gram-Negative bacteria contains-

A

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

79
Q

The toxic part of LPS =

A

Lipid A

80
Q

Lipid A stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause-

A

Fever, inflammation, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, shock + blood coagulation

81
Q

Released from dead bacteria =

A

Lipid A

82
Q

Any microbial infection of the blood that produces illness (bacteria are present + multiplying in the blood) =

A

Septicemia

83
Q

Presence of bacteria in the blood =

A

Bacteremia

84
Q

Release of bacterial toxins into the blood =

A

Toxemia

85
Q

Viruses in the blood =

A

Viremia

86
Q

Fungi, generally yeast, in the blood =

A

Fungemia

87
Q

Infection + inflammation of the lymphatic vessels =

A

Lymphangitis

88
Q

Blood is usually Axenic, which means-

A

Germ-Free

Microbiology PowerPoint Flashcards (18 decks)

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