Chapter 14 Antimicrobial Drugs

Question 1

Types of antimicrobial agents include-

Answer 1

Antimicrobial Drugs
Antibiotics
Semisynthetics

Question 2

Drugs that treat infection =

Answer 2

Antimicrobial drugs (antimicrobials)

Question 3

Any antibacterial agent that is produced naturally by an organism or made synthetically.
Excludes antivirals and antifungals =

Answer 3

Antibiotic

Question 4

Chemically altered antibiotics that are more effective, longer lasting, or easier to administer than naturally occurring ones =

Answer 4

Semisynthetics

Question 5

1% of Americans are allergic to-

Answer 5

Penicillin

Question 6

The number of different pathogens a drug acts against =

Answer 6

Spectrum of Action

Question 7

When drug resistant pathogens cause an infection =

Answer 7

Superinfection

Question 8

The 6 types of mechanisms of antimicrobial drugs includes:

Answer 8

1. Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
2. Inhibition of protein synthesis
3. Disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane
4. Inhibition of a general metabolic pathway
5. Inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis
6. Inhibition of attachment or entry into host cell

Question 9

The most prominent type of cell wall synthesis inhibiting antibiotic is-

Answer 9

Beta-lactams

Question 10

If an antimicrobial drug is selectively toxic, then what will it do?

Answer 10

Kill the infectious agent with limited/no harm done to host cells

Question 11

Can keep calcium away from developing teeth + Tooth Discoloration =

Answer 11

Tetracycline

Question 12

Causes “Hairy Tongue” =

Answer 12

Metronidazole (Other Drugs Can Cause This Too)

Question 13

Inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis, especially in anaerobic bacteria + parasites =

Answer 13

Metronidazole

Question 14

Penicillin is a-

Answer 14

Bactericidal Drug

Question 15

Similar to penicillins but with increased action against gram negative bacteria =

Answer 15

Cephalosporins

Question 16

Penicillin examples =

Answer 16

Ampicillin, Methicillin, Amoxicillin

Question 17

Types of protein synthesis inhibitors =

Answer 17

Aminoglycosides, Tetracycline, Macrolides

Question 18

Types of Aminoglycosides =

Answer 18

Streptomycin + Gentamicin

Question 19

A type of Macrolide =

Answer 19

Erythromycin

Question 20

Nystatin + Amphotericin B are-

Answer 20

Antifungals

Question 21

Tamiflu is a-

Answer 21

Neuraminidase Inhibitor

Question 22

Important for the release of virus from the host cell =

Answer 22

Neuraminidase

Question 23

Typically used to treat HIV =

Answer 23

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

Question 24

Prevents retroviruses from converting their RNA genomes into DNA =

Answer 24

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Question 25

Several types of drugs used together to combat HIV infection =

Answer 25

ART

Question 26

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors are a part of-

Answer 26

ART

Question 27

Azidothymadine (AZD) is a-

Answer 27

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Question 28

Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion Assay =

Answer 28

Helps test if a bacterium is sensitive to an antibiotic

Question 29

How does bacteria become resistant to a drug?

Answer 29

Overuse of antimicrobials
Inappropriate use of antimicrobials
Subtherapeutic dosing
Patient noncompliance with recommended course of treatment

Question 30

Multiple-Drug-Resistant Pathogens are resistant to at least how many antimicrobial agents?

Answer 30

3

Question 31

Occurs when one drug enhances the effect of a second drug =

Answer 31

Syngergism

Question 32

The developing of new variations of existing drugs (second gen, third gen) can help combat-

Answer 32

Antibiotic Resistance