Physical and chemical injuries Flashcards
1
Q
Common alteration on the buccal mucosa; most likely associated with pressure or frictional irritation:
A
linea alba
2
Q
Clinical features:
- Bilateral white line at level of occlusal plane
- May appear scalloped
- Common
A
Linea alba
3
Q
What is the treatment for lines alba?
A
None
4
Q
Morsicatio buccaraum, morsicato labiorum:
A
Chronic mucosal chewing
5
Q
Chronic mucosal chewing is often observed in:
A
stress/psychological situations
6
Q
Clinical features:
- thickened, shredded white areas
- MC on buccal mucosa
- may have areas of erythema or ulceration
A
chronic mucosal chewing
7
Q
What is the treatment for chronic mucosal chewing?
A
Treatment not indicated
8
Q
- Often caused by acute or chronic injury such as a sharp cusp on a tooth
A
traumatic ulceration
9
Q
_____ ulcers are caused by medication intervention (trauma from dental instrument or anesthesia)
A
Iatrogenic ulcers
10
Q
Iatrogenic ulcers are an example of:
A
traumatic ulceration
11
Q
What form of traumatic ulceration is considered histologically unique?
A
traumatic ulceration with strom eosinophilia (TUGSE)
12
Q
Clinical features:
- MC on tongue, lips, buccal mucosa
- area of erythema and fibrinous exudate
- often appears greater like
- may have hyperkeratotic collar
A
Traumatic ulceration
13
Q
Differential diagnosis for traumatic ulcerations: (3)
A
- deep fungal infection
- syphilitic ulcer
- squamous cell carcinoma
14
Q
Treatment for traumatic ulceration:
A
- remove source of irritation if present
- biopsy for longstanding lesions
15
Q
Accounts for 5% of all burn admissions:
A
oral cavity electric burns
16
Q
Clinical features:
- MC site in adults: Hands
- MC site in children: oral cavity- lips more frequent
- charred area, that becomes necrotic
A
electrical burns
17
Q
Most common area for electrical burns in adults:
A
Hands
18
Q
Most common area for electrical burns in children:
A
mouth
19
Q
- often occur from hot foods and beverages:
A
thermal burns
20
Q
Clinical features:
- MC on palate or posterior buccal mucosa
- zone of erythema and ulceration
- necrotic epithelium
A
thermal burns
21
Q
A
linea alba
22
Q
A
chronic mucosal chewing
23
Q
A
chronic mucosal chewing
24
Q
A
traumatic ulceration
25
electrical burns (child)
26
thermal burn
27
Treatment for thermal and electrical burns include:
- prophylactic antibiotic for severe cases
- appliances to prevent microstomia
- surgical intervention
28
- chemicals and drugs placed in the oral cavity that causes caustic injuries:
Chemical injuries
29
Dental related chemical injuries can be due to: (4)
1. silver nitrate
2. formocresol
3. sodium hypochlorite
4. acid etch materials
30
What common drug can induce a chemical burn?
aspirin
31
Aspirin may cause:
mucosal necrosis
32
Clinical features:
- white areas of epithelial necrosis
- may slough off (tissue)
- mucosal necrosis
Chemical burn - aspirin
33
Treatment for aspirin chemical burn:
prevent exposure, limit use
34
What type of sexual activity may cause trauma to the oral mucosa?
orogenital
35
Clinical features:
- palatal petechia
- fibrous hyperplasia
oral trauma from sexual acts
36
Differential diagnosis for oral trauma caused by sexual acts:
1. trauma
2. violent coughing
3. platelet abnormalites
4. viral infections
37
Treatment for oral trauma from sexual acts:
no treatment indicated
38
implantation of dental amalgam in oral mucosa:
amalgam tattoo
39
Amalgam tattoos may be incorporated into the oral mucosa in several ways including: (4)
1. after restorative procedure
2. fractured amalgam restorations
3. contaminated dental floss
4. endodontic treatment
40
Differential diagnosis for amalgam tattoo: (4)
1. melanotic macule
2. melanoma
3. tattoos
4. graphite (pencil)
41
Treatment for amalgam tattoo:
None if diagnosis is confirmed (biopsy if not)
42
Anticancer therapy may result in damage to:
normal tissue
43
A common site for cancer complications:
oral cavity
44
Oral complications of cancer therapy are related to:
chemotherapy and radiation
45
Clinical features:
- mucosistis
-hemmorhage
- xerostomia
Oral complications of cancer therapy
46
Occurs in 80% of patients treatment with H&N radiation:
mucositis
47
Mucositis may present as:
- atrophic mucosa
- edema
- erythema
48
Describe the atrophic mucosa seen with mucositis:
ulcerations and epithelial necrosis
49
Usually secondary to thrombocytopenia; develops from bone marrow suppression:
hemmorhage
50
Salivary glands are sensitive to radiation therapy; this can cause caries:
xerostomia
51
Treatment for oral complications of cancer therapy (mucositis):
1. topical anesthetics
2. pain meds
3. coating agents
52
treatment for oral complications of cancer therapy (xerostomia):
1. sugarless candy
2. fluoride trays
3. medications
53
chemical injury
54
chemical injury
55
chemical burn- aspirin
56
oral trauma from sex
57
oral trauma from sex
58
amalgam tattoo
59
amalgam tattoo
60
oral complication of cancer treatment
61
oral complications from cancer treatement
62
Abnormal growth of gingival tissues secondary to use of systemic medication
drug-related gingival hyperplasia
63
Drug related gingival hyperplasia is strongly associated with what drugs?
1. phenytoin
2. nifedipine
3. cyclosporine
64
Clinical features:
- gingival enlargement that originates in the interdental papilla
- spreads across tooth surface
- edentulous area usually not affected
Drug-related gingival hyperplasia
65
Treatment for drug-related gingival hyperplasia:
1. discontinuation of offending medication
2. oral hygeine
3. surgery
66
T/F: Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia greatly effects edentulous areas
false- usually does not affect edentulous areas
67
Dentur Epulis may also be called:
1. epulis fissuratum
2. inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
68
Hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue due to ill-fitting denture/partial
Denture epulis
69
Clinical features:
- folds of hyperplastic tissue in alveolar vestibule
- firm and fibrous
- may be erythmateous
Denture Epulis
70
Treatment for denture epulis:
1. surgical removal
2. denture should be remade or relined
71
Often arises from traumatic event resulting in hemorrhage within tissues:
Submucosal hemorrhage
72
Non-traumatic causes of submucosal hemorrhage:
1. anticoagulant therapy
2. thrombocytopenia
3. viral infections
4. hemorrhagic disease
73
Clinical features:
- petechia
- purpura
- ecchymosis
- hematoma
submucosal hemorrhage
74
Minute hemorrhage on skin or mucosa:
Petechia
75
Slightly larger area of hemorrhage 4-10 mm
Purpura
76
Hemorrhage greater than 1cm:
ecchymosis
77
Hemorrhage that produces a large mass:
hematoma
78
Treatment for a submucosal hemorrhage:
1. may resolve spontaneously
2. directed at treating the underlying cause
79
- several medications may be implicated such as Minocycline, AIDS meds, estrogen, and ketoconazole:
drug-related discolorations
80
Clinical features:
- diffuse melanosis of mucosal surfaces
- MC in females
Drug-related discolorations
81
Treatment of drug-related discolorations:
discontinuing medication usually results in regression over time
82
What are some medications that may cause drug-related discolorations? (4)
1. Minocycline
2. AIDS meds
3. Estrogen
4. Ketoconazole
83
Topical antibiotic in petroleum base produces a foreign-body reaction:
myospherulosis
84
Myospherulosis may occur at:
Surgical extraction site
85
Clinical features:
- extraction surgical site (mandibular molars)
- occasional facial swelling
- radiograph (circumscribed radiolucency)
myospherulosis
86
Treatment for myospherulosis includes:
surgical removal
87
drug-related gingival hyperplasia
88
denture epulis
89
denture epulis
90
submucosal hemorrhage
91
submucosal hemorrhage
92
hemorrhage
93
drug-related discoloration
94
drug-related discoloration
95
myospherulosis
96
myospherulosis
97
drug-induced gingival hyperplasia
98
