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Pathology > Physical and chemical injuries > Flashcards

Physical and chemical injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Common alteration on the buccal mucosa; most likely associated with pressure or frictional irritation:

A

linea alba

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2
Q

Clinical features:

  • Bilateral white line at level of occlusal plane
  • May appear scalloped
  • Common
A

Linea alba

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3
Q

What is the treatment for lines alba?

A

None

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4
Q

Morsicatio buccaraum, morsicato labiorum:

A

Chronic mucosal chewing

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5
Q

Chronic mucosal chewing is often observed in:

A

stress/psychological situations

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6
Q

Clinical features:
- thickened, shredded white areas
- MC on buccal mucosa
- may have areas of erythema or ulceration

A

chronic mucosal chewing

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7
Q

What is the treatment for chronic mucosal chewing?

A

Treatment not indicated

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8
Q
  • Often caused by acute or chronic injury such as a sharp cusp on a tooth
A

traumatic ulceration

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9
Q

_____ ulcers are caused by medication intervention (trauma from dental instrument or anesthesia)

A

Iatrogenic ulcers

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10
Q

Iatrogenic ulcers are an example of:

A

traumatic ulceration

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11
Q

What form of traumatic ulceration is considered histologically unique?

A

traumatic ulceration with strom eosinophilia (TUGSE)

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12
Q

Clinical features:

  • MC on tongue, lips, buccal mucosa
  • area of erythema and fibrinous exudate
  • often appears greater like
  • may have hyperkeratotic collar
A

Traumatic ulceration

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13
Q

Differential diagnosis for traumatic ulcerations: (3)

A
  1. deep fungal infection
  2. syphilitic ulcer
  3. squamous cell carcinoma
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14
Q

Treatment for traumatic ulceration:

A
  1. remove source of irritation if present
  2. biopsy for longstanding lesions
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15
Q

Accounts for 5% of all burn admissions:

A

oral cavity electric burns

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16
Q

Clinical features:

  • MC site in adults: Hands
  • MC site in children: oral cavity- lips more frequent
  • charred area, that becomes necrotic
A

electrical burns

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17
Q

Most common area for electrical burns in adults:

A

Hands

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18
Q

Most common area for electrical burns in children:

A

mouth

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19
Q
  • often occur from hot foods and beverages:
A

thermal burns

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20
Q

Clinical features:

  • MC on palate or posterior buccal mucosa
  • zone of erythema and ulceration
  • necrotic epithelium
A

thermal burns

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21
Q
A

linea alba

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22
Q
A

chronic mucosal chewing

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23
Q
A

chronic mucosal chewing

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24
Q
A

traumatic ulceration

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25
Q
A

electrical burns (child)

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26
Q
A

thermal burn

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27
Q

Treatment for thermal and electrical burns include:

A
  • prophylactic antibiotic for severe cases
  • appliances to prevent microstomia
  • surgical intervention
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28
Q
  • chemicals and drugs placed in the oral cavity that causes caustic injuries:
A

Chemical injuries

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29
Q

Dental related chemical injuries can be due to: (4)

A
  1. silver nitrate
  2. formocresol
  3. sodium hypochlorite
  4. acid etch materials
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30
Q

What common drug can induce a chemical burn?

A

aspirin

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31
Q

Aspirin may cause:

A

mucosal necrosis

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32
Q

Clinical features:
- white areas of epithelial necrosis
- may slough off (tissue)
- mucosal necrosis

A

Chemical burn - aspirin

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33
Q

Treatment for aspirin chemical burn:

A

prevent exposure, limit use

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34
Q

What type of sexual activity may cause trauma to the oral mucosa?

A

orogenital

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35
Q

Clinical features:
- palatal petechia
- fibrous hyperplasia

A

oral trauma from sexual acts

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36
Q

Differential diagnosis for oral trauma caused by sexual acts:

A
  1. trauma
  2. violent coughing
  3. platelet abnormalites
  4. viral infections
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37
Q

Treatment for oral trauma from sexual acts:

A

no treatment indicated

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38
Q

implantation of dental amalgam in oral mucosa:

A

amalgam tattoo

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39
Q

Amalgam tattoos may be incorporated into the oral mucosa in several ways including: (4)

A
  1. after restorative procedure
  2. fractured amalgam restorations
  3. contaminated dental floss
  4. endodontic treatment
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40
Q

Differential diagnosis for amalgam tattoo: (4)

A
  1. melanotic macule
  2. melanoma
  3. tattoos
  4. graphite (pencil)
41
Q

Treatment for amalgam tattoo:

A

None if diagnosis is confirmed (biopsy if not)

42
Q

Anticancer therapy may result in damage to:

A

normal tissue

43
Q

A common site for cancer complications:

A

oral cavity

44
Q

Oral complications of cancer therapy are related to:

A

chemotherapy and radiation

45
Q

Clinical features:
- mucosistis
-hemmorhage
- xerostomia

A

Oral complications of cancer therapy

46
Q

Occurs in 80% of patients treatment with H&N radiation:

A

mucositis

47
Q

Mucositis may present as:

A
  • atrophic mucosa
  • edema
  • erythema
48
Q

Describe the atrophic mucosa seen with mucositis:

A

ulcerations and epithelial necrosis

49
Q

Usually secondary to thrombocytopenia; develops from bone marrow suppression:

A

hemmorhage

50
Q

Salivary glands are sensitive to radiation therapy; this can cause caries:

A

xerostomia

51
Q

Treatment for oral complications of cancer therapy (mucositis):

A
  1. topical anesthetics
  2. pain meds
  3. coating agents
52
Q

treatment for oral complications of cancer therapy (xerostomia):

A
  1. sugarless candy
  2. fluoride trays
  3. medications
53
Q
A

chemical injury

54
Q
A

chemical injury

55
Q
A

chemical burn- aspirin

56
Q
A

oral trauma from sex

57
Q
A

oral trauma from sex

58
Q
A

amalgam tattoo

59
Q
A

amalgam tattoo

60
Q
A

oral complication of cancer treatment

61
Q
A

oral complications from cancer treatement

62
Q

Abnormal growth of gingival tissues secondary to use of systemic medication

A

drug-related gingival hyperplasia

63
Q

Drug related gingival hyperplasia is strongly associated with what drugs?

A
  1. phenytoin
  2. nifedipine
  3. cyclosporine
64
Q

Clinical features:
- gingival enlargement that originates in the interdental papilla
- spreads across tooth surface
- edentulous area usually not affected

A

Drug-related gingival hyperplasia

65
Q

Treatment for drug-related gingival hyperplasia:

A
  1. discontinuation of offending medication
  2. oral hygeine
  3. surgery
66
Q

T/F: Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia greatly effects edentulous areas

A

false- usually does not affect edentulous areas

67
Q

Dentur Epulis may also be called:

A
  1. epulis fissuratum
  2. inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
68
Q

Hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue due to ill-fitting denture/partial

A

Denture epulis

69
Q

Clinical features:

  • folds of hyperplastic tissue in alveolar vestibule
  • firm and fibrous
  • may be erythmateous
A

Denture Epulis

70
Q

Treatment for denture epulis:

A
  1. surgical removal
  2. denture should be remade or relined
71
Q

Often arises from traumatic event resulting in hemorrhage within tissues:

A

Submucosal hemorrhage

72
Q

Non-traumatic causes of submucosal hemorrhage:

A
  1. anticoagulant therapy
  2. thrombocytopenia
  3. viral infections
  4. hemorrhagic disease
73
Q

Clinical features:

  • petechia
  • purpura
  • ecchymosis
  • hematoma
A

submucosal hemorrhage

74
Q

Minute hemorrhage on skin or mucosa:

A

Petechia

75
Q

Slightly larger area of hemorrhage 4-10 mm

A

Purpura

76
Q

Hemorrhage greater than 1cm:

A

ecchymosis

77
Q

Hemorrhage that produces a large mass:

A

hematoma

78
Q

Treatment for a submucosal hemorrhage:

A
  1. may resolve spontaneously
  2. directed at treating the underlying cause
79
Q
  • several medications may be implicated such as Minocycline, AIDS meds, estrogen, and ketoconazole:
A

drug-related discolorations

80
Q

Clinical features:
- diffuse melanosis of mucosal surfaces
- MC in females

A

Drug-related discolorations

81
Q

Treatment of drug-related discolorations:

A

discontinuing medication usually results in regression over time

82
Q

What are some medications that may cause drug-related discolorations? (4)

A
  1. Minocycline
  2. AIDS meds
  3. Estrogen
  4. Ketoconazole
83
Q

Topical antibiotic in petroleum base produces a foreign-body reaction:

A

myospherulosis

84
Q

Myospherulosis may occur at:

A

Surgical extraction site

85
Q

Clinical features:
- extraction surgical site (mandibular molars)
- occasional facial swelling
- radiograph (circumscribed radiolucency)

A

myospherulosis

86
Q

Treatment for myospherulosis includes:

A

surgical removal

87
Q
A

drug-related gingival hyperplasia

88
Q
A

denture epulis

89
Q
A

denture epulis

90
Q
A

submucosal hemorrhage

91
Q
A

submucosal hemorrhage

92
Q
A

hemorrhage

93
Q
A

drug-related discoloration

94
Q
A

drug-related discoloration

95
Q
A

myospherulosis

96
Q
A

myospherulosis

97
Q
A

drug-induced gingival hyperplasia

98
Q
A

Pathology (24 decks)

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