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Pathology > EXAM 2 QUESTIONS > Flashcards

EXAM 2 QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Circulating immune complexes filter out small vessels and activate the complement cascade. C5a attract neutrophils which causes local damaging inflammation….

A

Type III immune injury disease

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2
Q

All of the following are autoimmune diseases except:

a- systemic lupus
b- burons hypogammaglobulinemia
c- sjogrens syndrome
d- graves disease

A

(b) bruttons hypogammaglobluinemia

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3
Q

Which organ has very low tolerance to edema?

A

brain & lungs

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4
Q

Patients with peutz-jegher syndrome often present with:

a- multiple mucosal melanomas
b- nevus flamm
c- peri-oral freckling
d- petechial hemorrhage

A

(c) peri-oral freckling

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5
Q

T/F: Grading of malignancy is done by pathologists that he microscope. Staging is done by the clinician to determine distribution of tumor in the body

A

T/T

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6
Q

T/F: A diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma can be made clinically:

A

T

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7
Q

Kaposi sarcoma is caused by the HIV:

A

F (caused by HHV8)

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8
Q

The most common cause of right-sided heart failure is:

A

Left sided heart failure

(which is caused by CAD, MI, or long-term HTN)

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9
Q

What terminology is used to describe the invagination of the small intestines into itself leading to necrosis?

A

intussusception

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10
Q

Patients with barretts esophagus are at risk of developing what type of malignancy?

A

adenocarcinoma (most common in US)

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11
Q

The oral lesions associated with ulcerative colitis are known as:

A

pyostomatitis vegetans

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12
Q

What terminology used to describe metastasis of an adenocarcinoma to the bilateral ovaries?

A

Krukernberg tumor

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13
Q

What is the average lifespan of a RBC?

A

120 days

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14
Q

What radiographic term can be used to describe both sickle cell anemia and thalassemia

A

Hair on end

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15
Q

Sickle cell anemia occurs due to substitution between which two amino acids?

A

valine to glutamic acid

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16
Q

Patients with Plummer Vinson syndrome present with which type of anemia?

A

iron deficient anemia

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17
Q

Which anemia is considered an autoimmune disease?

A

hemolytic anemia

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18
Q

In viral infections which type of WBC is elevated?

A

leukocytes

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19
Q

What immune deficiency is caused by having a pronounced decrease in the number of neutrophils?

A

neutropenia

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20
Q

When presenting with oral manifestation, which leukemia has a predilection of the gingiva?

A

acute myelogenous leukemia

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21
Q

What low grade lymphoma can be associated with patients with Sjogrens?

A

MALToma

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22
Q

Which high-grade lymphoma has a predilection for the jawbone of children and is associated with herpes type IV (Epstein Barr)?

A

Burkett’s Lymphoma

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23
Q

A malignancy of plasma cells is referred to as:

A

multiple myeloma

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24
Q

Name one medication that impairs ability of platelets to aggregate:

A

aspirin

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25
Q

T/F: The right lung has two lobes

A

false (3; the left lung only has 2)

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26
Q

T/F: An aspirated crown is more likely to be lodged in the right side

A

True

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27
Q

What type of necrosis is seen in TB?

A

caseous necrosis

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28
Q

What are three types of atelectasis?

A
  1. resorption
  2. compression
  3. contraction
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29
Q

Which type of emphysema predominates in non-smokers?

A

paracinar emphysema

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30
Q

What are three different types of lung cancer?

A
  1. squamous cell carcinoma
  2. adenocarcinoma
  3. small cell carcinoma
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31
Q

What are three different hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary?

A

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

Prolactin
endorphins
Growth Hormone

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32
Q

Excess secretion of growth hormone after epiphyseal plates have closed results in which abnormality?

A

acromegaly

(if it was before - gigantism)

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33
Q

Which specific portion of the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol) and is regulated by ACTH?

A

Zona fasiculata of the adrenal cortex

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34
Q

Which specific portion of the adrenal gland cortex secretes aldosterone and is regulated by angiotensin II?

A

Zona glomerulosa

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35
Q

Which specific portion of the adrenal cortex secretes androgens and has NO feedback with ACTH?

A

Zona reticularis

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36
Q

What is the oral manifestation of MEN2B?

A

mucosal neuromas

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37
Q

Glucagon is secreted by which type of pancreatic cell?

A

alpha cells

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38
Q

Insulin is secreted by which type of pancreatic cell?

A

beta cells

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39
Q

T/F: Hep A is considered an STD

A

True

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40
Q

A 25 year old man present to oral surgery for extraction of #115 with divergence and dilacerated roots. When pt return… cluster of small painful ulcerations that began as vesicles were noted on hard palate. On palpation, this lesions were not indurated and didn’t have roller border.. or symptoms. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis?

A

recurrent herpetic infection

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41
Q

What immune deficiency is caused by having a pronounced decrease in the # of neutrophils?

A

Neutropenia

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42
Q

What the name of oral lesion in secondary syphillis?

A

Mucous patch

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43
Q

Increase of overall size of tissue due to increase in size of cells:

A

hypertrophy

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44
Q

Name 2 periapical pathosis that can present as a periapical radiolucency associated with a non-vital tooth:

A

periapical cyst and periapical granuloma

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45
Q

Name the most common benign salivary gland tumor:

A

pleipmorphic adenoma

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46
Q

Vomiting of fresh red blood:

A

Hematemesis

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47
Q

Which type of colonic polyp has the greatest incidence of undergoing malignancy?

A

villous adenoma

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48
Q

The oral lesions associated with ulcerative colitis are known as:

A

pyostomatitis vegetens

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49
Q

A 60 year old male caries a diagnosis of stable angina pectoris. Which of the following features would you not expect to encounter during the normal, uncomplicated course of this condition?

a- unpredictable spontaneous pain at rest

b- in stable angina- pain is predictable, reproducible, & stable over time

c- it is released by cessation of the event or nitroglycerin

d- variant angina occurs at rest

A

D- variant angina occurs at rest

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50
Q

Stage 1 HTN is > or =

A

130/80 mmHg

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51
Q

Stage 2 HTN is > or =

A

140/90 mmHg

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52
Q

The most common congenital heart defect in humans is:

A

ventricular septal defect

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53
Q

Granulomatous inflammation occurs in:

A

crohns disease

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54
Q

Crohns disease can present as:

A

All of the above

  • oral lesions
  • thickened intestinal wall
  • fistula formation
  • low malignancy
  • occurs in distal ileum and colon
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55
Q

Ulcerative colitis can present as:

A

All of the above

  • pseudopolyps
  • thin intestinal wall
  • increased risk of malignancy
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56
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with MEN 2B?

A

pituitary tumor

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57
Q

Which of the following IS associated with MEN 2B?

A
  1. marfanoid body type
  2. medullary carcinoma
  3. adrenal pheochromocytoma
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58
Q

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is characterized by what type of polyps?

A

Harmartomatous polyps

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59
Q

Peri oral freckling occurs in what syndrome?

A

Peutz-Jegher

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60
Q

Macroglossia is caused by:

A

amyloidosis

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61
Q

Carcinoid tumors secrete what hormones?

A

serotonin

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62
Q

Krukenberg tumor is found in the:

A

ovaries

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63
Q

Which is the most common gene translocation for chronic myelogenous leukemia?

A

T (9:22)
Philadelphia chromosome

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64
Q

T/F: MEN 2A is autosomal dominant and has a mutation on Chr10q protooncogene

A

True

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65
Q

High risk of cancer in all of the following except:

A

acanthosis nigricans

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66
Q

Which is not true of in-situ?

A

has invaded the basement membrane (because in-situ has not yet invaded)

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67
Q

Invagination of the intestine itself:

A

intussusception

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68
Q

Plummer Vincent is NOT:

A

pernicious anemia (affects Scandinavian European women, iron deficient anemia, esophageal webs, dysphagia, increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma)

69
Q

Increased risk of adenocarcinoma?

A

barrett’s esopaghus

70
Q

Meckel diverticulum is a developmental defect of:

A

small intestine (ileum)

71
Q

Patient has pheochromatoma of adrenal medulla, and nodules in the mouth. What do they have?

A

MEN 2B

72
Q

An escape of blood is called:

A

hemmorhage

73
Q

Which of the following is true about congestive heart failure:

A

right sided is caused by left sided

74
Q

Chronic congestive liver disease is accused by:

A

right sided heart failure

75
Q

Which of the following does NOT result from MI?

A

angina

76
Q

Infection of the blood:

A

septicemia

77
Q

Complete loss of blood supply to the organ:

A

infarct

78
Q

Major contributor of osmotic colloid pressure?

A

albumin

79
Q

Edema present in right side heart failure:

A

pitting edema

80
Q

Organ that edema is NOT tolerated in:

A

brain

81
Q

Hemorrhage into skin and mucosa sizes:

A

petechia< purpura < ecchymosis

82
Q

Unwanted blood clot:

A

thrombus

83
Q

Thrombi on heart valves:

A

vegetations

84
Q

Dislodgment and travel of thrombus:

A

embolism

85
Q

Virchows triad does not include:

A

epithelium

( It DOES include endothelial injury, stasis or turbulent blood flow, and hypercoagulability)

86
Q

T/F: Sarcomas travel by hematogenous route and end in the lungs. Carcinomas travel via lymphatics and end up in the lymph nodes.

A

T/T

87
Q

Most common tumor of the lungs:

A

Metastatic

88
Q

Which has the alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency:

A

panacinar emphysema

89
Q

Loss of sympathetic innervation (aka Horners) causes all of the following except:

A

exopthalmia

90
Q

Which is most likely to metastasize:

A

squamous cell carcioma

91
Q

Surfactant is secreted by:

A

Type II pneumocytes

92
Q

What type of collapsed lung is caused by obstruction of the airway:

A

Resorption

93
Q

What type of collapsed lung is caused by fluid within the pleural cavity?

A

compression

94
Q

What type of collapsed lung is caused by local or generalized fibrotic changes?

A

Contraction

95
Q

COPD consists of:

A

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

96
Q

T/F: Mesothelioma is a benign outgrowth of pleura. It with decreases with asbestos exposure.

A

F/F

97
Q

Most pain receptors are on the:

A

pleura of lungs

98
Q

T/F: Grading is done by a pathologist, staging is done by a clinician.

A

T/T

99
Q

You can diagnose squamous cell carcinoma clinically:

A

false

100
Q

Which present with granulomatous inflammation?

A

Crohn’s disease

101
Q

Which is most likely to metastasize?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

102
Q

Carcinoid tumor releases what hormone?

A

serotonin

103
Q

Complete loss of blood supply that leads to necrosis:

A

infarct

104
Q

Which of the following does not result from myocardial infarction?

A

angina

105
Q

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with fixed stenosis?

A

Necrosis

106
Q

Which of the following is NOT a cause of MI?

A

aneurysm

107
Q

Which of the following is the most common congenital heart defect?

A

VSD

108
Q

Which of the following is not true about infective endocarditis?

A

Viral infection

109
Q

Invagination of the small intestine on itself:

A

Intussussception

110
Q

Chronic congestive liver disease is caused by:

A

Right sided heart failure

111
Q

Krukenberg tumor is found on the:

A

ovaries

112
Q

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?

A

aneurysm

113
Q

Granulomatous inflammation occurs in:

A

crohns disease

114
Q

Crohns disease can present as:

a- oral lesions
b- thickened intestinal wall
c- fistula formation
d- low malignancy
e- occurs in distal ileum and colon
f- all of the above

A

f- all of the above

115
Q

Ulcerative colitis can present as

a- pseudopolyps
b- thin intestinal wall
c- increased risk of malignancy
d- pyostomatitis vegetens
e- all of the above

A

e- all of the above

116
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with MEN-2B?

a- intraoral mucosal neuromas
b- thyroid tumor
c- pituitary tumor
d- tumor of the adrenal medulla (adrenal pheochromocytoma)

A

C- Pituitary tumor (NOT ASSOCIATED)

117
Q

Type of polyps seen in peutz-jegher?

A

Hmaratomatous polyps

118
Q

What types of polyps are seen in Gardner syndrome?

A

adenomatous polyps

119
Q

Patient with downward slanting palpebral fissures, Colomba of lower eye lid, and hypo plastic zygoma:

A

mandibulofacial dysplasia (teacher collins)

120
Q

Keloid is made of:

A

collagen

121
Q

Which of the following is due to defect in fibrilllin?

A

Marfan syndrome

122
Q

Which of the following expresses asymmetry?

A

Parry romberg

123
Q

Peri-oral freckling occurs in what syndrome?

A

peutz- Jegher

124
Q

Signs of Pierre robin
a- mandibular hypoplasia
b- palatal cleft
c- glossoptosis
d- all of the above

A

d- all of the above

125
Q

Macroglossia is caused by:

A

amyloidosis

126
Q

What type of collapsed lung is caused by obstruction of the airway?

A

resorption

127
Q

What type of collapsed lung is caused by fluid within the pleural cavity?

A

compression

128
Q

What type of collapsed lung is caused by local or generalized fibrotic changes?

A

contraction

129
Q

COPD:

A

emphysema and chronic bronchitis

130
Q

Plummer Vincent is NOT:

A

pernicious anemia (autoimmune atrophic gastritis)

131
Q

Most pain receptors are on the:

A

pleura of the lungs

132
Q

Patient has pheocytochromatoma of the adrenal medulla and nodules in the mouth: What do they have?

A

Men IIB

133
Q

Head and neck malignancy:

A

Gardner syndrome

134
Q

Yellowing of gingiva:

A

jaundice

135
Q

Hard palate?

A

PLGA- polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma- a rare tumor of minor salivary glands; often hard palate involvement

136
Q

Hashimotos thyroiditis at risk for:

A

non-hodgkin lympohma

137
Q

A 55 year old with swollen gingiva and bruising:

A

AML

138
Q

What does not have to do with HYPER pituitary hormones?

A

Sheehan syndrome (this is necrosis of pituitary gland = hypo- after delivery of kid)

139
Q

What is co-associated with Hep D?

A

Hep B

140
Q

T/F: Mesothelioma is a BENIGN outgrowth of the pleura. It DECREASES with asbestos exposure.

A

F/F (malignant & increases)

141
Q

Meckel diverticulum is a developmental defect of the:

A

small intestine (ileum)

142
Q

Barrett’s esophagus causes an increased risk for:

A

increased risk of adenocarcinoma

143
Q

H. pylori can be involved with all of the following except:

a- squamous cell carcinoma
b- chronic gastritis
c- peptic ulcer disease
d- gastic adenocarcioma
e- gastric MALT lymphoma

A

A- squamous cell carcinoma (has nothing to do with h. pylori)

144
Q

Which has the alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency?

A

panacinar emphysema

145
Q

Which disease has an autoimmune component?

a- pernicious anemia
b- sickle cell anemia
c- folic acid
d- iron deficiency

A

a- pernicious anemia

diminished vitamin b12 absorption

146
Q

Life span of RBC:

A

4 months (120 days)

147
Q

Hair on end radiographic appearance?

A

Thalassemia? Sickle cell trait?

148
Q

Most common anemia:

A

iron deficiency

149
Q

CML gene translocation:

A

9:22

150
Q

Step ladder:

A

sickle cell anemia

151
Q

Sjogrens syndrome is associated with which lymphoma?

A

MALT-oma

sjogrens- a chronic long-lasting autoimmune disorder that happens when immune system attacks the glands that make moisture in the eyes, mouth, and other parts of the body

152
Q

Insulin is produced by what type of cell?

A

beta cell (in islets of langerhans)

153
Q

Thrombocytopenia purpura platelet count would be:

A

too little

154
Q

Multiple myeloma appears radiographically as:

A

punched out radiolucency

155
Q

Most common leukemia in children?

A

ALL

156
Q

Pheochromocytoma and mucosal neuromas =

A

MEN 2B

157
Q

Universal donor blood type?

A

O

158
Q

Chipmunk face for thalassemia is due to:

A

compensatory HyperPLASIA of bone marrow

159
Q

Kid regularly has although ulcerations on the tongue, chronic gingivitis, and bone loss:

A

cyclic neutropenia

160
Q

surfactant is secreted by:

A

Type II pneumocytes

161
Q

Histologically similar to parotid:

A

Acinic cell carcinoma

162
Q

Histologically kooks like Swiss cheese:

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma (poor long-term prognosis)

163
Q

Histologically a mixture of ductal and my-epithelial elements:

A

pleomorphic adenoma

164
Q

Most common benign salivary gland tumor:

A

pleomorphic adenoma

165
Q

Most common malignant salivary gland tumor:

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

166
Q

Salivary gland tumor that favors the hard palate:

A

polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma

167
Q

Upper lip tumor:

A

monomorphic adenoma

168
Q

Most likely to be in the parotid gland?

A

papillary cyst adenoma lymphomatous

169
Q
A

Pathology (24 decks)

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