Introduction to General & Systemic Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
An abnormal condition that may impair bodily function, cause discomfort, social problems, death:
A
disease
2
Q
The cause of the disease process:
A
etiology
3
Q
The mechanism of disease development (how it develops):
A
pathogenesis
4
Q
Objective, something you see:
A
sign
5
Q
Subjective, something the patient tells you:
A
symptom
6
Q
A sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt:
A
pathognomonic
7
Q
The disease state of an individual; incidence (number) of illness in a population:
A
morbidity
8
Q
Incidence (number) of death in a population:
A
mortality
9
Q
Any type of clinical or molecular abnormality:
A
lesion
10
Q
The biochemical and structural changes induced in cells and organs:
A
molecular and morphologic changes
11
Q
The functional consequences of morphologic changes:
A
clinical manifestations
12
Q
Irritation by biting cheek/tongue, a sharp tooth, etc. :
A
traumatic ulcer
13
Q
White lesion that is irregular and thickened- can’t find a cause for it:
A
leukoplakia
14
Q
lesion on tooth that may be xerostomia related:
A
carious lesion
15
Q
Pigmented lesion, irregular in shape:
A
melanoma
16
Q
The most common intraoral melanoma sites in adults is on the:
A
palate
17
Q
- traumatic ulcer
- leukoplakia
- carious lesion
- melanoma
These are all types of:
A
lesions
18
Q
A lesion may be invisible because it is:
A
- located deep within the body
- has molecular basis
19
Q
Examples of invisible lesions due to have a molecular basis (biochemical lesions): (3)
A
- Diabetes melitus
- Schizophrenia
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
20
Q
PKU is an example of a ___ lesion
A
“invisible” biochemical lesion
21
Q
- an autosomal recessive disorder of phenylalanine metabolism- a developmental disease
- caused by a mutation in the enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine (phenylalanine hydroxylase)
- Phenylalanine is toxic to developing brain and causes profound, irreaerisdlbe mental retardation (cognitive disorder)
A
Phenylketonuria
22
Q
List the 6 categories of diseases:
A
- developmental
- infectious
- neoplastic
- metabolic
- immune-mediated
- reactive
23
Q
What category of disease can be described as genetic or environmental?
A
developmental
24
Q
What category of disease can be described as bacteria, fungal, or virus?
A
infectious
25
What category of disease can be described as beginning or malignant?
neoplastic
26
What category of disease can be described as endocrine?
metabolic
27
What category of disease can be described as allergy, hypersensitivity, or autoimmunity?
immune-mediated
28
What category of disease can be described as physical, chemical, factorial, or iatrogenic injuries?
reactive
29
Cherubism is an example of a ____ disease
developmental
30
- Autosomal dominant disease
- puffy appearance causing expansion of jaws (maxilla)
- multiloculated and giant cell lesions (will resolve)
- palatal tori
Cherubism
31
Gardner syndrome is an example of a ____ disease
developmental
32
Amelogenesis imperfecta is an example of a ___ disease
developmental
33
- autosomal dominant
- chalky white teeth due to mutation in enamel protein
- enamel flakes off of the teeth
amelogenesis imperfecta
34
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis 18F is an example of a ___ disease
infectious
35
- Inflammation of the oral mucosa and gingiva caused by herpes virus
- all of us carry this
primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
36
Acromegaly (growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma) is an example of a ____ disease
metabolic
37
- growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (neoplasm)
- excessive GH from pituitary usually tumor cause
-mandible continues to grow creating a prognathic appearance
- this occurs after growth plates have fused
acromegaly
38
Hypothyroidism 18F is an example of a ___ disease
metabolic
39
- short stature
- delayed dental eruption
- metabolic disease
hypothyroidism 18F
40
Granular cell tumor is an example of a ___ disease
neoplastic
41
Squamous cell carcinoma is an example of a ____ disease
neoplastic
42
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is an example of a ___ disease
immune mediated
43
- AKA canker sore
- one of the most common ulcers
- T-lymphocytes destroy mucosal surface
Recurrent pathos stomatitis
44
Mucous membrane pemphigoid is an example of a ____ disease
immune mediated
45
- autoimmune disease affecting gingiva
- easy separation of overlying epithelium to underlying connective tissue with light stream of air
- AKA desquamative gingitivis
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
46
Pyogenic granuloma is an example of a ____ disease
reactive
47
- overgrowth of normal healing tissue
- reaction to an irritant- will go away when the irritant is removed (i.e., calculus)
pyogenic granuloma
48
gingival hyperplasia (commonly seen with DM patients) is an example of a ____ disease
reactive
(the DM part is a metabolic disease)
49
- gingival overgrowth caused by the underlying systemic disease along with an infection
- can be considered both reactive or metabolic
gingival hyperplasia- diabetes mellitus
50
Allows the passage of x-rays; appears black; destruction of bone
radiolucent
51
lesion on radiograph involving one circle:
unilocular
52
lesion on radiograph involving multiple circles:
mutlilocular
53
lesion on radiograph involving borders not well defined:
ill-defined
54
lesion on radiograph involving borders easily traced:
well-defined
55
Lesions on a radiograph MUST be described as:
radiolucent or radiopaque
56
Blocks the passage of x-rays; appears white; formation of bone or other mineralized material
radiopaque
57
A radiopaque lesion on a radiograph may be described as:
ill-defined or well-defined only
58
A radiolucent lesion on a radiographs may be described as:
- ill-defined
- well-defined
- unilocular
- multilocular
59
A small circumscribed elevated lesion usually less than 1cm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid (watery fluid NOT pus!)
vesicle
60
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
vesicles
61
A circumscribed elevated lesion that is around 1cm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid (water fluid NOT pus!)
Bulla
62
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
Bulla
63
A lesion that is less than 1cm water balloon =
A lesion that is greater than 1cm water balloon=
vesicle; bulla
64
various sized circumscribed elevations containing pus:
pustule
65
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
pustule
66
A segment of lobe that is part of the whole, these lobes sometimes appear fused together:
lobule
67
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
lobule
68
An area that is usually distinguished from a color that is different from that of the surrounding tissue; it is flat and does not protrude above the surface of normal tissue
(can only be seen and NOT felt)
macule
69
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
macule
70
A small circumscribed lesion usually than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue:
(a bump, NOT pus or fluid filled, it is solid)
papule
71
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
papule
72
A circumscribed lesion usually greater than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above or below the surface of normal surrounding tissue:
(a big solid bump)
nodule
73
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
nodule
74
Attached by a stem-like or stalk base; only describes the relationship of the lesion to the underlying tissue, needs more description:
pedunculated
75
Diagnose the lesion on this image, needs more description than this though:
pedunculated
76
Describing the base of a lesion that is flat stem-like; flat on a surface with a broad base, needs more description:
sessile
77
Diagnose the lesion on this image, needs more more description than this though:
sessile
78
A loss of continuity of the epithelium that penetrates to the underlying connective tissue:
ulcer
79
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
ulcer
80
A patch of differentiated area on a body surface:
plaque
81
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
plaque (erythroplakia- red patch)
82
Diagnose the lesion on this image:
plaque (leukoplakia- white patch)
83
Surface texture described as wrinkled:
corrugated
84
How could describe the surface texture of this image:
corrugated
85
Surface texture described as a cleft or groove, normal otherwise, showing prominent depth:
fissure
86
How could describe the surface texture of this image:
fissure
87
Surface texture described as resembling small nipple-shaped projection or elevations found in clusters:
(finger-like projections)
papillary
88
How could describe the surface texture of this image:
papillary
89
What additional terms can be used to describe surface texture?
smooth, rough, folded
90
How would you describe this image?
ill-defined radiopaque lesion
91
How would you describe this image?
well-defined, multilocular, radiolucent lesion
92
How would you describe this image?
well-defined, unilocular radiolucent lesion
93
How would you describe this image?
multiple well-defined, unilocular radiolucent lesions
94
How would you describe this image?
Left: bulla
Middle: vesicles
Right: collapsed vesicles
95
How would you describe this image- it is firm to palpation:
sessile nodule
96
How would you describe this image?
pedunculate papillary papule
97
How would you describe this image?
ulcer with erythmateous halo
98
