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Pathology > Introduction to General & Systemic Pathology > Flashcards

Introduction to General & Systemic Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

An abnormal condition that may impair bodily function, cause discomfort, social problems, death:

A

disease

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2
Q

The cause of the disease process:

A

etiology

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3
Q

The mechanism of disease development (how it develops):

A

pathogenesis

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4
Q

Objective, something you see:

A

sign

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5
Q

Subjective, something the patient tells you:

A

symptom

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6
Q

A sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt:

A

pathognomonic

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7
Q

The disease state of an individual; incidence (number) of illness in a population:

A

morbidity

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8
Q

Incidence (number) of death in a population:

A

mortality

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9
Q

Any type of clinical or molecular abnormality:

A

lesion

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10
Q

The biochemical and structural changes induced in cells and organs:

A

molecular and morphologic changes

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11
Q

The functional consequences of morphologic changes:

A

clinical manifestations

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12
Q

Irritation by biting cheek/tongue, a sharp tooth, etc. :

A

traumatic ulcer

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13
Q

White lesion that is irregular and thickened- can’t find a cause for it:

A

leukoplakia

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14
Q

lesion on tooth that may be xerostomia related:

A

carious lesion

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15
Q

Pigmented lesion, irregular in shape:

A

melanoma

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16
Q

The most common intraoral melanoma sites in adults is on the:

A

palate

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17
Q
  • traumatic ulcer
  • leukoplakia
  • carious lesion
  • melanoma

These are all types of:

A

lesions

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18
Q

A lesion may be invisible because it is:

A
  1. located deep within the body
  2. has molecular basis
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19
Q

Examples of invisible lesions due to have a molecular basis (biochemical lesions): (3)

A
  1. Diabetes melitus
  2. Schizophrenia
  3. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
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20
Q

PKU is an example of a ___ lesion

A

“invisible” biochemical lesion

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21
Q
  • an autosomal recessive disorder of phenylalanine metabolism- a developmental disease
  • caused by a mutation in the enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine (phenylalanine hydroxylase)
  • Phenylalanine is toxic to developing brain and causes profound, irreaerisdlbe mental retardation (cognitive disorder)
A

Phenylketonuria

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22
Q

List the 6 categories of diseases:

A
  1. developmental
  2. infectious
  3. neoplastic
  4. metabolic
  5. immune-mediated
  6. reactive
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23
Q

What category of disease can be described as genetic or environmental?

A

developmental

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24
Q

What category of disease can be described as bacteria, fungal, or virus?

A

infectious

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25
Q

What category of disease can be described as beginning or malignant?

A

neoplastic

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26
Q

What category of disease can be described as endocrine?

A

metabolic

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27
Q

What category of disease can be described as allergy, hypersensitivity, or autoimmunity?

A

immune-mediated

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28
Q

What category of disease can be described as physical, chemical, factorial, or iatrogenic injuries?

A

reactive

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29
Q

Cherubism is an example of a ____ disease

A

developmental

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30
Q
  • Autosomal dominant disease
  • puffy appearance causing expansion of jaws (maxilla)
  • multiloculated and giant cell lesions (will resolve)
  • palatal tori
A

Cherubism

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31
Q

Gardner syndrome is an example of a ____ disease

A

developmental

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32
Q

Amelogenesis imperfecta is an example of a ___ disease

A

developmental

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33
Q
  • autosomal dominant
  • chalky white teeth due to mutation in enamel protein
  • enamel flakes off of the teeth
A

amelogenesis imperfecta

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34
Q

Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis 18F is an example of a ___ disease

A

infectious

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35
Q
  • Inflammation of the oral mucosa and gingiva caused by herpes virus
  • all of us carry this
A

primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

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36
Q

Acromegaly (growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma) is an example of a ____ disease

A

metabolic

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37
Q
  • growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (neoplasm)
  • excessive GH from pituitary usually tumor cause
    -mandible continues to grow creating a prognathic appearance
  • this occurs after growth plates have fused
A

acromegaly

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38
Q

Hypothyroidism 18F is an example of a ___ disease

A

metabolic

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39
Q
  • short stature
  • delayed dental eruption
  • metabolic disease
A

hypothyroidism 18F

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40
Q

Granular cell tumor is an example of a ___ disease

A

neoplastic

41
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma is an example of a ____ disease

A

neoplastic

42
Q

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is an example of a ___ disease

A

immune mediated

43
Q
  • AKA canker sore
  • one of the most common ulcers
  • T-lymphocytes destroy mucosal surface
A

Recurrent pathos stomatitis

44
Q

Mucous membrane pemphigoid is an example of a ____ disease

A

immune mediated

45
Q
  • autoimmune disease affecting gingiva
  • easy separation of overlying epithelium to underlying connective tissue with light stream of air
  • AKA desquamative gingitivis
A

Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

46
Q

Pyogenic granuloma is an example of a ____ disease

A

reactive

47
Q
  • overgrowth of normal healing tissue
  • reaction to an irritant- will go away when the irritant is removed (i.e., calculus)
A

pyogenic granuloma

48
Q

gingival hyperplasia (commonly seen with DM patients) is an example of a ____ disease

A

reactive

(the DM part is a metabolic disease)

49
Q
  • gingival overgrowth caused by the underlying systemic disease along with an infection
  • can be considered both reactive or metabolic
A

gingival hyperplasia- diabetes mellitus

50
Q

Allows the passage of x-rays; appears black; destruction of bone

A

radiolucent

51
Q

lesion on radiograph involving one circle:

A

unilocular

52
Q

lesion on radiograph involving multiple circles:

A

mutlilocular

53
Q

lesion on radiograph involving borders not well defined:

A

ill-defined

54
Q

lesion on radiograph involving borders easily traced:

A

well-defined

55
Q

Lesions on a radiograph MUST be described as:

A

radiolucent or radiopaque

56
Q

Blocks the passage of x-rays; appears white; formation of bone or other mineralized material

A

radiopaque

57
Q

A radiopaque lesion on a radiograph may be described as:

A

ill-defined or well-defined only

58
Q

A radiolucent lesion on a radiographs may be described as:

A
  • ill-defined
  • well-defined
  • unilocular
  • multilocular
59
Q

A small circumscribed elevated lesion usually less than 1cm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid (watery fluid NOT pus!)

A

vesicle

60
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

vesicles

61
Q

A circumscribed elevated lesion that is around 1cm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid (water fluid NOT pus!)

A

Bulla

62
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

Bulla

63
Q

A lesion that is less than 1cm water balloon =

A lesion that is greater than 1cm water balloon=

A

vesicle; bulla

64
Q

various sized circumscribed elevations containing pus:

A

pustule

65
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

pustule

66
Q

A segment of lobe that is part of the whole, these lobes sometimes appear fused together:

A

lobule

67
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

lobule

68
Q

An area that is usually distinguished from a color that is different from that of the surrounding tissue; it is flat and does not protrude above the surface of normal tissue

(can only be seen and NOT felt)

A

macule

69
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

macule

70
Q

A small circumscribed lesion usually than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue:

(a bump, NOT pus or fluid filled, it is solid)

A

papule

71
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

papule

72
Q

A circumscribed lesion usually greater than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above or below the surface of normal surrounding tissue:

(a big solid bump)

A

nodule

73
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

nodule

74
Q

Attached by a stem-like or stalk base; only describes the relationship of the lesion to the underlying tissue, needs more description:

A

pedunculated

75
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image, needs more description than this though:

A

pedunculated

76
Q

Describing the base of a lesion that is flat stem-like; flat on a surface with a broad base, needs more description:

A

sessile

77
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image, needs more more description than this though:

A

sessile

78
Q

A loss of continuity of the epithelium that penetrates to the underlying connective tissue:

A

ulcer

79
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

ulcer

80
Q

A patch of differentiated area on a body surface:

A

plaque

81
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

plaque (erythroplakia- red patch)

82
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

plaque (leukoplakia- white patch)

83
Q

Surface texture described as wrinkled:

A

corrugated

84
Q

How could describe the surface texture of this image:

A

corrugated

85
Q

Surface texture described as a cleft or groove, normal otherwise, showing prominent depth:

A

fissure

86
Q

How could describe the surface texture of this image:

A

fissure

87
Q

Surface texture described as resembling small nipple-shaped projection or elevations found in clusters:

(finger-like projections)

A

papillary

88
Q

How could describe the surface texture of this image:

A

papillary

89
Q

What additional terms can be used to describe surface texture?

A

smooth, rough, folded

90
Q

How would you describe this image?

A

ill-defined radiopaque lesion

91
Q

How would you describe this image?

A

well-defined, multilocular, radiolucent lesion

92
Q

How would you describe this image?

A

well-defined, unilocular radiolucent lesion

93
Q

How would you describe this image?

A

multiple well-defined, unilocular radiolucent lesions

94
Q

How would you describe this image?

A

Left: bulla
Middle: vesicles
Right: collapsed vesicles

95
Q

How would you describe this image- it is firm to palpation:

A

sessile nodule

96
Q

How would you describe this image?

A

pedunculate papillary papule

97
Q

How would you describe this image?

A

ulcer with erythmateous halo

98
Q
A

Pathology (24 decks)

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