Photosynthesis In General Flashcards
What is the photosynthesis word equation
carbon dioxide + water ———> glucose + oxygen
Light
What is the photosynthesis symbol equations
CO2 + H20 ——> C6H12O6 + O2
Describe photosynthesis
It is an endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light
What is the effect of temp on photosynthesis
- As temp increases, do does the rate of photosynthesis. This is due to increased kinetic energy, until optimal temp is reached.
- At 35 enzymes denature and photosynthesis plummets
What is the effect of light intensity in photosynthesis
-Light intensity increase, rate of photosynthesis increase. Due to more light energy available
- when another factor limits rate, it won’t increase rate
What is the effect of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis
- As carbon dioxide CONCENTRATION increases, so does photosynthesis
- Most common limiting factor because air is only 0.03 to 0.04% CO2
- at a certain point it won’t increase when other factors limit it.
How do you measure the rate of photosynthesis
- Amount of bubbles produced by pondweed in 1 minute
What is done to increase economic profit when growing vegetation
Greenhouses that provide intense light, humidity and high CO2 concentration levels
What can glucose be used for (6)
- respiration
- converted into insoluble starch for storage
- produce fat or oil for storage
- produce cellulose, strengthens cell walls
- produce amino acids
- Proteins (but nitrate ions from soil are needed as well)
How do you test for starch
Iodine ——> goes blue black
How do you test for starch on leaf
- waxy cuticle doesn’t allow iodine to test properly because it’s water proof
- boil it in ethanol to get rid of: the waxy cuticle, chlorophyll and it discolours the leaf
- now iodine solution should work
Dangers of testing for starch on leaf
- ethanol is flammable
- iodine is an irritant
- you have to wear goggles
What is starch
Long chain (polymer) of glucose molecules
Why is glucose stored as starch
- it’s more compact
- can be broken down quick
- insoluble ( not effected by osmosis)
What are the uses of energy in the body (5)
- cell division
- active transport
- muscle contraction (movement)
- chemical reactions
- body temp control
What is cellular respiration
An exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in living cells
How is respiration done
In cells:
- Aerobically ( using oxygen)
- Anaerobically (without oxygen)
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen ——> carbon dioxide + water (+energy is released)
What is the symbol for glucose
C6 H12 O6 (all together)
What is the word equation for Anaerobic respiration
In plants: Glucose ——> ethanol + Carbon dioxide
In humans: Glucose ——> Lactic acid
Which respiration transfers the most energy
Oxidation of glucose in anaerobic is incomplete, much less energy is transferred than aerobic
Anaerobic in yeast
Called fermentation, plays economic role in creating bread and alcohol
What happens during exercise
The human body reacts to the increased demand for energy, so the heart rate and breath volume increases in order to supply oxygenated blood to muscles
What is the oxygen debt
- Lactic acid builds up (causing aches and fatigue)
- Oxygen can convert this lactic acid back into glucose in the liver
- the amount of oxygen required to do so is called the oxygen debt
What is the effect of lack of exercise
Your body has to use anaerobic respiration more quickly
Adaptations of the leaf 6
- thin (short diffusion path)
- lots of chlorophyll (absorb light)
- stomata ( allows CO2 to move by diffusion into leaf)
- Guard cells ( to open and close depending on conditions)
- Xylem and phloem (to transport water and food)
- Large surface area (catch lots of light)
