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Biology GCSE > Photosynthesis In General > Flashcards

Photosynthesis In General Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the photosynthesis word equation

A

carbon dioxide + water ———> glucose + oxygen
Light

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2
Q

What is the photosynthesis symbol equations

A

CO2 + H20 ——> C6H12O6 + O2

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3
Q

Describe photosynthesis

A

It is an endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light

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4
Q

What is the effect of temp on photosynthesis

A
  • As temp increases, do does the rate of photosynthesis. This is due to increased kinetic energy, until optimal temp is reached.
  • At 35 enzymes denature and photosynthesis plummets
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5
Q

What is the effect of light intensity in photosynthesis

A

-Light intensity increase, rate of photosynthesis increase. Due to more light energy available
- when another factor limits rate, it won’t increase rate

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6
Q

What is the effect of carbon dioxide on photosynthesis

A
  • As carbon dioxide CONCENTRATION increases, so does photosynthesis
  • Most common limiting factor because air is only 0.03 to 0.04% CO2
  • at a certain point it won’t increase when other factors limit it.
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7
Q

How do you measure the rate of photosynthesis

A
  • Amount of bubbles produced by pondweed in 1 minute
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8
Q

What is done to increase economic profit when growing vegetation

A

Greenhouses that provide intense light, humidity and high CO2 concentration levels

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9
Q

What can glucose be used for (6)

A
  • respiration
  • converted into insoluble starch for storage
  • produce fat or oil for storage
  • produce cellulose, strengthens cell walls
  • produce amino acids
  • Proteins (but nitrate ions from soil are needed as well)
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10
Q

How do you test for starch

A

Iodine ——> goes blue black

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11
Q

How do you test for starch on leaf

A
  • waxy cuticle doesn’t allow iodine to test properly because it’s water proof
  • boil it in ethanol to get rid of: the waxy cuticle, chlorophyll and it discolours the leaf
  • now iodine solution should work
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12
Q

Dangers of testing for starch on leaf

A
  • ethanol is flammable
  • iodine is an irritant
  • you have to wear goggles
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13
Q

What is starch

A

Long chain (polymer) of glucose molecules

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14
Q

Why is glucose stored as starch

A
  • it’s more compact
  • can be broken down quick
  • insoluble ( not effected by osmosis)
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15
Q

What are the uses of energy in the body (5)

A
  • cell division
  • active transport
  • muscle contraction (movement)
  • chemical reactions
  • body temp control
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16
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

An exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in living cells

17
Q

How is respiration done

A

In cells:
- Aerobically ( using oxygen)
- Anaerobically (without oxygen)

18
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen ——> carbon dioxide + water (+energy is released)

19
Q

What is the symbol for glucose

A

C6 H12 O6 (all together)

20
Q

What is the word equation for Anaerobic respiration

A

In plants: Glucose ——> ethanol + Carbon dioxide
In humans: Glucose ——> Lactic acid

21
Q

Which respiration transfers the most energy

A

Oxidation of glucose in anaerobic is incomplete, much less energy is transferred than aerobic

22
Q

Anaerobic in yeast

A

Called fermentation, plays economic role in creating bread and alcohol

23
Q

What happens during exercise

A

The human body reacts to the increased demand for energy, so the heart rate and breath volume increases in order to supply oxygenated blood to muscles

24
Q

What is the oxygen debt

A
  • Lactic acid builds up (causing aches and fatigue)
  • Oxygen can convert this lactic acid back into glucose in the liver
  • the amount of oxygen required to do so is called the oxygen debt
25
Q

What is the effect of lack of exercise

A

Your body has to use anaerobic respiration more quickly

26
Q

Adaptations of the leaf 6

A
  • thin (short diffusion path)
  • lots of chlorophyll (absorb light)
  • stomata ( allows CO2 to move by diffusion into leaf)
  • Guard cells ( to open and close depending on conditions)
  • Xylem and phloem (to transport water and food)
  • Large surface area (catch lots of light)

Biology GCSE (38 decks)

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