Hormonal Coordination In Humans

Question 1

How do hormones travel

Answer 1

Through blood stream

Question 2

What are hormones

Answer 2

Chemical messengers that can help control things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment. They are produced by glands called endocrine glands (these glands make your endocrine system). They have relatively long lasting effects

Question 3

What are the different endocrine glands

Answer 3

• Pituitary gland: at the base of the brain
• Thyroid gland: the base of your neck
• Ovaries
• Adrenal gland: in your kidneys
• Pancreas
• Testes

Question 4

Describe the pituitary gland

Answer 4

• Produces hormones to regulate the body
• described as ‘master gland’ because these hormones act on other glands, directing them to release hormones that bring about change

Question 5

Describe the thyroid gland

Answer 5

• produces thyroxine: used to regulate;
  rate of metabolism,
  heart rate,
  body temp

Question 6

Describe the ovaries as a gland

Answer 6

• only for females

- produces oestrogen which is involved with the menstrual cycle

Question 7

Describe the Adrenal gland

Answer 7

• produces adrenaline: used to prepare body for a ‘fight or flight’ reflex response

Question 8

Describe the pancreas as a gland

Answer 8

• produces insulin: to regulate the blood glucose levels

Question 9

Describe testes as a gland

Answer 9

• males only

- produces testosterone: controls puberty and sperm production

Question 10

What do carbohydrates give

Answer 10

It puts glucose (a type of sugar) into the blood from the gut

Question 11

How is glucose removed from the blood

Answer 11

• normal metabolism of cells
• But Vigorous exercise can remove much more glucose from the blood

Question 12

What happens to excess glucose

Answer 12

Excess levels is stored as glycogen in the liver and in the muscles

Question 13

What makes sure that levels of glucose are balanced?

Answer 13

• Changes are monitored and controlled by the pancreas,
• using the hormones insulin and glucagon,
• in a negative feedback cycle

Question 14

Explain step by step what happens if there is too much glucose in blood

Answer 14

• Pancreas detects it’s to high/low
• pancreas releases insulin if too high
• pancreas releases glucagon if too low
• insulin moves glucose into cells by converting it into glycogen. This decreases blood sugar levels
• Glucagon converts glycogen back to glucose, releasing it into bloodstream. This increases blood sugar levels

Question 15

What is diabetes

Answer 15

A condition that affects your ability to control your blood sugar level. Diabetes has two types,

• Type 1: when little or no insulin is made
• Type 2: Insulin resistance

Question 16

What is type 1 diabetes

Answer 16

• The pancreas produces little or not enough insulin
• a person’s blood glucose level can rise and kill them
• Insulin therapy is needed to combat this: It consists of several insulin injections throughout the day, most likely at mealtimes
• The injections help remove the glucose from the blood quickly once the food have been digested, this makes sure that blood sugar levels don’t get too high
• The amount of insulin needing to be injected depends on the person’s diet and how active they are
• As well as injections, they need to limit their intake of simple carbohydrates (sugar) which causes blood glucose to rise rapidly, they also need to take lots of exercise to help remove excess glucose from blood

Question 17

What is type 2 diabetes

Answer 17

• Resistant to their own insulin. They still produce insulin but cells and body don’t respond
• This can cause a person’s blood sugar level to rise to a dangerous level
• Being obese/overweight can increase risk factor of developing it
• It can be controlled by eating a carbohydrate-controlled diet and regular exercise

Question 18

Which is faster, Hormones or Nerves

Answer 18

Nerves

Question 19

Which act for longer, hormones or nerves

Answer 19

Hormones

Question 20

Which act more precisely and which act more generally, hormones or nerves

Answer 20

• Nerves = precise area
• Hormones = General

Question 21

Why’s it no good using hormones to carry information to effectors about danger

Answer 21

It isn’t fast enough

Question 22

What happens if blood glucose levels are too low

Answer 22

• glucagon is secreted by pancreas
• glucagon travels in blood stream
• glucagon makes liver turn glycogen into glucose
• glucose is released into blood by liver
• Blood glucose levels increase

Question 23

What is done to treat type 1 diabetes

Answer 23

• Insulin therapy: Iseveral insulin injections throughout the day, most likely at mealtimes
  —> injections help remove glucose from blood quickly once food is digested
  —> so that blood sugar levels don’t get too high
• limit their intake of simple carbohydrates (sugar) which causes blood glucose to rise rapidly,
• take lots of exercise to help remove excess glucose from blood

Question 24

For treating type 1 diabetes, how much insulin that needs to be injected depends upon a person’s ______ and _____

Answer 24

Diet and how active they are

Question 25

What can increase the risk factor of type 2 diabetes and what can be done to control

Answer 25

• Being obese/overweight can increase risk factor of developing it
• It can be controlled by eating a carbohydrate-controlled diet and regular exercise