Phonetics-exam 3 Flashcards
Monopthongs
Pure vowel; single unchanging sound quality One primary position in vocal tract
Diphthongs
Gradual change in articulation 2 distinct articulatory positions
First element and second element of a diphthong
First: on glide Second: off glide
Off glides are always one of two vowels, what are they?
Vowel classification: tongue height
Position of the body of the tongue in the mouth during production. How high or low in oral cavity during production
Vowel classification: Tongue advancement
How far forward or back in the mouth the tongue is during production.
Vowel classification: lip rounding
Whether or not the lips are rounded (protruded) or unrounded (retracted) during the production. Most back vowels rounded Most front vowels retracted
Vowel classification: tense or lax
Tense usually lasts longer in duration and require more muscle effort Lax never end a stressed open syllable
Articulatory characteristics of /i/
Tongue height: high Tongue advancement: front Lip rounding: retracted Tense
Articulatory characteristics of /I/
Tongue height: high Tongue advancement: front Lip rounding: retracted Lax
Peculiarities of /I/
Sounds like /i/ but is really /I/ -unstressed syllables ending in “y” -“-ing” nasalization affects -r-colored vowel
Articulatory characteristics of /e/
Tongue height: high mid Tongue advancement: front Lip rounding: retracted Tense
Articulatory characteristics of /E/
Tongue height: low mid Tongue advancement: front Lip rounding: retracted Lax
Peculiarities of /E/
R-colored vowel
Articulatory characteristics of /ae/
Tongue height: low Tongue advancement: front Lip rounding: retracted Lax
Peculiarities of /ae/
Nasality perception affects, used when used with the nasal “ng “
Articulatory characteristics of /u/
Tongue height: high Tongue advancement: back Lip rounding: rounded Tense
Peculiarities of /u/
Often preceded by /j/ as in “you” -/ju/
Articulatory characteristics of
Tongue height: high Tongue advancement: back Lip rounding: rounded Lax
Peculiarities of
R colored vowel
Articulatory characteristics of /o/
Tongue height: high mid Tongue advancement: back Lip rounding: rounded Tense Diphthong used when stressed or at end of word
Articulatory characteristics of
Tongue height: low mid Tongue advancement: back Lip rounding: rounded Tense
Peculiarities of
R colored vowel
Articulatory characteristics of
Tongue height: low Tongue advancement: back Lip rounding: retracted Tense Only back retracted vowel
Peculiarities of
R colored vowel
articulatory characteristics of the schwa
Tongue height: mid Tongue advancement: central Lip rounding: retracted Lax Unstressed syllables
Articulatory characteristics of /^/
Tongue height: low mid Tongue advancement: back central Lip rounding: retracted Lax Stressed syllables Not in open syllables except for “the”
Articulatory characteristics of the schwar
Tongue height: mid Tongue advancement: central Lip rounding: rounded Lax Unstressed syllables
Articulatory characteristics of the /3^/
Tongue height: mid Tongue advancement: central Lip rounding: rounded Tense Stressed syllables Only tense central vowel
What are the point vowels?
/i/ /ae/ /u/ /a/
R colored vowel
Often found before /r/ Vowel partially assumes the quality of the consonant /r/ Rhombic diphthong “Hear” - /hIr/
What are the r-colored vowels
Resonant Categorizing of Vowels
Sonorant Vowel like (nasals, liquids, glides) Voiced Resonance through entire vocal tract
Nonresonant Categorizing of Vowels
Obstruent Minimal vocal resonance (stops, fricatives, affricates) Voiced: 2 sound sources, obstruction and vfs. Source and filter Voiceless: no source.
Feature Analysis Vowel Classification
Organize things by type Classify things by + or - of having the features Distinctive features
Articulatory classification of consonants
Manner: how speech sounds are produced Place: where speech sounds are produced (teeth, lips, tongue) Voicing: whether vocal folds vibrate (voiced or voiceless)
Manner of articulation: stops
Complete closure of vocal tract Airflow temporarily blocked Air pressure builds up Release produces a stop burst or plosive Velopharynx is closed Fastest movements in speech
What are the 7 stop consonants?
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /?/
Tap (stop)
When the alveolar stop is somewhere between voiced and voiceless Rapid movement of tongue tip against alveolar ridge creating a very brief stop consonant “Batter” has a mixed b and t sound
The velopharyngeal port is ______ most of the time during speech except for nasals
Closed
Manner of articulation: nasals
Complete oral closure Open Velopharynx /m,n,ng/
Manner of articulation: fricatives
Narrow constriction where air escapes with a continuous noise Articulators form the narrow constriction and air pressure builds Velopharynx closed
What are the 9 fricatives consonants
Manner of articulation: affricates
Combination of stop closure and fricative
Manner of articulation: approximately consonants - liquids
Vowel like with voicing energy constricted only slightly more than vowels /l/ /r/
Vowel
Speech sound formed without significant construction of oral/pharyngeal cavities and serves as a syllable nucleus
