AR Exam 3 Flashcards
IEP’s include:
Statement of the present level of performance
Statement of annual goals
Short-term instructional objectives
Special education provided
Participation in regular educational program
Projected date for services to begin
Anticipated duration of services
Criteria to determine if objectives are achieved
Procedures to determine if objectives achieved
Schedules for review
Assessment information
Placement justification statement
Audiologist Do:
♣ Test hearing and speech.
Select, fit and maintain listening device and ALDs, including FM units.
Assess central auditory function.
Assess classroom acoustics and make recommendations (Ambient noise level, reverberation times).
Provide direct speech perception training.
Consult with multidisciplinary team.
Serve as educational audiologist in school system.
SLP do:
Assessment speech, language, literacy, and speechreading skills.
Possess knowledge of listening devices and ALDs.
Provide direct speech-language and speech perception therapy.
Consultation with parents.
Sign language instruction.
Act as liaison between clinic, classroom, and home.
Consultant to audiologist.
Provide speech perception training.
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA, 1997)
mandated services for infants and toddlers, expanded coverage to age 21
IFSP
(birth-3 years): family centered approach, build upon its strength.
Bilingual/ Bicultural Model
ASL first, spoken language taught in school
Total Communication (Manually Coded English):
manual signs corresponding to words of English, person speaks simultaneously while signing, child uses every available means to receive a message (sign/residual hearing/lipreading).
Aural/Oral Language:
same language used with normal hearing. Speaking and speechreading to receive messages. Multisensory approach (vision/hearing). Unisensory approach with some children (only residual hearing). Helps achieve better S/L performance.
Cued Speech
phonemically-based hand gestures to supplement speechreading. Talker speaks while cueing message
Ling Sounds
span the range of speech frequencies that commonly occurs in running speech
Amplification: hearing aids received as early as 4 weeks of age. 5 step process:
- Selection: size of ear/ instrument
- Verification: real ear measures
- Orientation: parents need to learn about care and use
- Validation: looking to access childs response to sounds
- Follow-Up: infants and toddlers more often than adults
Most common birth defect:
Hearing loss
Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA):
auditory behavior index (ABI). Observation of child’s response to sound (changes in sucking pattern, eye widening, activity cessation, head turn). Doesn’t test threshold. Habituation to sound.
Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA):
acoustic signal and reinforcing head turn with a light stimulus or animated toy/video. 6 mos-2.5 yrs. Operant conditioning response based. Observe natural tendency to turn to sound.
Conditioned Play Audiometry (CPA):
child is trained to perform a task in response to a sound. 2-5 years. “wait and listen” behavior. Familiar toys. Can be used for speech testing.
Cytomedalovirus (CMV)
common, member of herpes family virus. Usually no symptoms in adults, fairly harmless. Babies at risk for active infection and complications born to women who are infected. Causes 20-30% on HL. Some children asymptomatic at first and symptoms become present later in life.
Genetic causes:
½ of congenital HL. Confirmed by physical exam/family hx/ancillary medical testing (CT and molecular genetic testing). Autosomal dominant/recessive. X-linked gene. Syndrome.
Auditory Neuropathy
affects peripheral nervous system. Mild-moderate loss. Present OAES. Abnormal/absent ABR. Poor speech recognition.
Tinnitus:
25-55% of ch with HL affected. Inflicts insomnia, emotional trauma, physical symptoms, attention difficulties and listening challenges. Lack context of normal hearing so it’s hard to detect.
Central Auditory-Processing Disorder (CAPD)
central cause. Transmission of signal from brainstem to cerebrum. May/may not know cause. Difficult to diagnose. Difficulty localizing sounds, auditory discrimination, recognizing auditory pattern and associating meaning to sound.
Detection of HL:
Ch may have failed a screening (newborn, pediatrician or school)
Ch does not respond to sound the same way as children who have normal hearing
Ch has speech and language delay
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) or Early Hearing Detection Intervention (EHDI)
o It’s the application of rapid and simple audiological tests to all newborn babies prior to leaving the hospital in order to identify those babies that require further testing.
Testing is done with either:
Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Otoacoustic emission (OAE’s)
Risk factors for HL (50% of Ch have no risk factors at birth):
Low birth weight (less than 3.3 pounds) Family history of hearing loss In utero infections such as cytomegalovirus, rubella, or herpes Ototoxic medications Low Apgar scores Need for ventilator for 5 days or longer Craniofacial anomalies Physical manifestations consistent with a syndrome Bacterial meningitis Hyperbilirubinemia (severe jaundice)
