Anatomy Final Flashcards
Function of sinuses
Reduce weight of skull, give room for skull and facial growth, and nasal resonance
14 bones of the facial skeleton (6 paired)
Mandible Maxilla (P) Vomer Lacrimal bone (P) Nasal (P) Zygomatic (P) Palatine (P) Inferior concha (P)
7 bones that form the orbit of the eye
Frontal Sphenoid Maxilla Zygomatic Palatine Lacrimal Ethmoid
Which bone of the facial skeleton forms the lower jaw, and has the body and ramus?
Mandible
Which bone of the facial skeleton forms the upper jaw and separates the oral and nasal cavities?
Maxilla (P)
What are the 4 processes of the maxilla?
Zygomatic
Frontal
Alveolar
Palatine
Which bone of the facial skeleton forms a portion of the medial wall of the orbital cavities and lateral of nasal cavity?
Lacrimal bone (P)
Which bone of the facial skeleton forms the lower part of the nasal septum?
Vomer
Which bone of the facial skeleton forms the bridge of the nose?
Nasal bone (P)
Which bone of the facial skeleton forms the cheek bones?
Zygomatic bone (P)
Which bone of the facial skeleton forms the posterior part of hard palate and part of the lateral wall of nasal cavities?
Palatine (P)
Which bone of the facial skeleton forms a portion of the lateral wall of nasal cavities?
Inferior concha (P)
Elevation muscles of chewing
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Depressor muscles of chewing
Lateral Pterygoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Anterior belly of Digastricus
Rounding/pursing/puckering muscles
Orbicularis oris
Incisivus labii superior
Incisivus labii inferior
Retraction/smiling muscles
Buccinator
Risorius
Elevation/smiling muscles
Quadratus labii superior -levator labii superior (angular) -levator labii alaeque nasi (infraorbital) -zygomatic minor Canine (levator anguli oris) Zygomatic major
Depression/frowning muscles
Triangularis (depressor anguli oris)
Quadratus labii inferior (depressor labii inferior)
Mentalis
Platysma
Forehead muscles
Occipital frontalis
Procerus muscle
Eye muscle
Orbicularis oculi
- palpebral portion
- orbital portion
Ear muscles
Anterior, superior, and posterior auricularis
Hair muscle
Occipital frontalis
4 paranasal sinuses
Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
External ear parts
Pinna, tragus, intertragic notch, antitragus, helix, auricular tubercle, lobule, antihelix, crura, external acoustic meatus, concha of auricle
Middle ear parts
Tympanic membrane, ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes), oval and round Windows
Inner ear parts
Otic capsule (semicircular canals, cochlea, CN VIII)
What are the minute structures of the glottis?
Anterior and posterior glottis, macula flava, and vocal processes.
Which minute structure of the glottis is the intermembranous portion and is where the most ripple takes place?
Anterior glottis
Which minute structure of the glottis has the biggest opening for respiration and is the intercartilagenous portion?
Posterior glottis
Which minute structure of the glottis is attached to thyroid cartilage and attaches the anterior glottis to the thyroid bone by anterior tendon?
Macula flava
Which minute structure of the glottis aren’t very vascular and bend at the elastic cartilage with abduction and adduction?
Vocal processes
3 sections of the layered vocal folds
Cover, transition, and body.
What elements are in the cover of the layered vocal folds?
Epithelium, nasal lamina, superficial layer of lamina propria
What element is in the transition of the layered vocal folds?
Intermediate and deep layers of lamina propria
What element is in the body of the layered vocal folds?
Thyroarytenoid
What is epithelium?
The vibratory portion of the vocal folds. Sheds to maintain its health.
Anterior: stratified squamous epithelium
Posterior: pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
What is considered the basement membrane zone?
Basal lamina
The basal lamina has 2 parts…
Lamina Lucida-low cellular density right next to epithelial cells
Lamina Densa-more dense right next to lamina propria
Viscoelasticity
Mucosal wave where tissue rolls like water and is determinate of vibratory behavior.
What is the basal lamina?
Physical support to the epithelium and is primarily where injury takes place
What are extra cellular matrices?
Fibers of the vocal folds that are between cells for support. No innervation.
Reticular, collagenous, and elastic.
Where is the larynx birth until age 5?
Up high almost part of the skull when it drops down to C5
At birth where is the epiglottis?
The Dorsum of the tongue making it difficult to breathe through the mouth.
At birth where is the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage?
On top of each other
At birth where is the narrowest part of the airway?
Subglottic region
At birth, what does the lamina propria have?
1 layer with no vocal ligament
When does the 3rd layer of lamina propria begin to form?
Adolescence
When does the larynx descend into its permanent position?
Adolescence
What are mens and women sex hormones?
Men: testosterone and androgen
Women: estrogen and progesterone
What happens to cartilages in adulthood and old age?
Adulthood: ossify and calcify
Old age: continues to calcify and sometimes turns to bone
In old age, what happens to the superficial layer of lamina propria?
It thins
What is presby larynges?
Aging of the vocal folds where they develop a bow shape and can’t fully close
In old age, what happens to women’s vocal folds and men’s vocal folds?
Women’s: reinkes space thins and vocal folds become thicker
Mens: pitch rises
