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CSUS Speech-Language Pathology > Medical SLP - Exam 1 > Flashcards

Medical SLP - Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps in cell division?

A

meiosis, haploids, 24 hours pass, mitosis (segmentation and cell differentiation)

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2
Q

Meiosis

  • Chromosomes
  • Zygote
A

special cellular division that creates the egg and sperm in the first place

  • Ch: 46 total (2 sex)
  • Zy: fertilized egg
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3
Q

Mitosis

A

cell division

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4
Q

Segmentation

A

(part of mitosis; also called cleavage) cell divides and creates another cell just like it.
Blastomere: cells within Morula
Morula: group of blastomeres in one cell after 72 hours

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5
Q

Cell Differentiation

A

6th or 8th day; mother cell has a baby cell that is different.

  • Trophoblast
  • Gastrulation
  • Embryonic Disc
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6
Q

Trophoblast

A

Lining, surrounds the inner mass, not a part of the embryo. Becomes placenta and umbilical cord.

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7
Q

Gastrulation

A

9th and 12th day; inner cell mass turns itself inside out.

no success in this = miscarriage

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8
Q

Embryonic Disc

A

3 layers - organs are a combination of these layers

1) Ectoderm: outside - skin, hair, teeth, CNS&PNS
2) Mesoderm: middle - structural (bone, muscle, cartilage, tendons, blood vessels, connective tissue).
3) Endoderm: inner - lining of digestive tract and body cavities, inside tissue.

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9
Q

What governs all cell functions?

A

Genes, which are made up on DNA

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10
Q

DNA

A

smallest structure in genetic material, double strand in a double helix whose spine is made of deoxyribose. Contains Nucleotide pairs.

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11
Q

Nucleotide Pairs

A

instructions for cellular behaviors

Guanine, Cytosince, Adenine, Thymine

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12
Q

Monosomy

A

loss of one copy of a chromosome; the presence of a single copy of a chromosome

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13
Q

Triosomy

A

the gain of one extra copy of a chromosome for a total of 3 chromosomes

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14
Q

Deletion

A

when part of a chromosome becomes separated and lost

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15
Q

Inversion

A

occurs when a portion of a chromosome is turned 180 degrees from its usual orientation

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16
Q

Translocations

A

the result of a transfer of genetic material between 2 or more chromosomes

  • Variable expression
  • Genotype
  • Phenotype
  • Incomplete penetration
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17
Q

Variable expression (translocations)

A

severity levels, functional levels

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18
Q

Incomplete Penetration (translocations)

A

have a genetic disorder but no symptoms

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19
Q

Common syndromes associated with cleft

A

down syndrome

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20
Q

Merging

A

growth process where a structure gets bigger. (how it grows/ strengthens/ widens)

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21
Q

Fusion

A

process that develops the palate. When 2 separate structures grow towards each other and fuse together.

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22
Q

Sequence

A

process of genetic formation. Because this thing happened, this thing happened.

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23
Q

Pierre Robin

A

a sequence causing cleft palate (embryo is hyper-flexed in uterus, neck causes the mandible to push up against the chest causing it not to grow. No place for tongue to go, goes up where the palate is suppose to be forming)

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24
Q

Syndromes

A

constellation of symptoms due to a genetic or chromosomal disorder

25
Q

At 6 weeks…

A

palatal development begins. Fusion of 4 structures: nasal spine, L and R palatal shelves and premaxilla

26
Q

Type of clefts (6)

A

Cleft lip, Cleft alveolus, Cleft of primary plate, cleft of secondary plate, submucous cleft, complete cleft.

27
Q

Submucous cleft

A

Muscles of soft palate did not fuse together at midline to form muscular sling. Back of mouth comes to point (tenting)

28
Q

Bifid uvula

A

Second type of submucous cleft. Looks like snake tongue; does not always indicate person has cleft

29
Q

2 functions of the velum

A

voluntary and biological

30
Q

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

A

structural/anatomical etiology. surgical fix.

-platybasia: base of skull too far away

31
Q

Velopharyngeal Incompetency

A

neurogenic etiology (e.g., stroke)

32
Q

Velopharyngeal Mislearning

A

when other high pressure sounds are completely accurate and consistent, however they make consistent errors on specific high pressure sounds.

33
Q

What are the 4 different patterns of VP closure?

A
  • Coronal (most common)
  • Circular
  • Circular with PPW participation
  • Sagittal
34
Q

Coronal VP closure pattern

A

velum closes against the posterior wall

35
Q

Circular VP closure pattern

A

velum moves part way and lateral pharyngeal wall moves part of the way to make a complete closure.

36
Q

Circular with PPW participation VP closure pattern

A

(or with passavants ridge)

threads of muscle from posterior pharyngeal wall move and make a shelf. least common.

37
Q

Sagittal VP closure pattern

A

superior pharyngeal constrictor closes to midline. velum doesn’t move, the lateral walls do.

38
Q

Complete Cleft

A

cleft goes through whole palate and lip (including alveolar ridge and soft palate). Babies usually have difficulty feeding (slide 26)

39
Q

Unilateral cleft

A

Goes through one side of face (lip). can be complete cleft or incomplete cleft. (slide 26)

40
Q

Bilateral cleft

A

Neither palatal shelves make it to fuse with the nasal spine. Through lip, alveolar ridge, hard and soft palate on both sides. Premaxilla goes up not down.

41
Q

Premaxilla

A

Develop vertically; part of frontonasal process. Fuses to palatine process of the maxilla

42
Q

Palatine processes of the maxilla (palatal shelves)

A

develop vertically, then move horizontal to fuse. NOT part of the MAXILLA

43
Q

Incisors

A

Front teeth.

44
Q

cuspids

A

canine teeth

45
Q

molars

A

grinders

46
Q

Malocclusion

A

when molars are not symmetrical.

47
Q

Overjet malocclusion

A

when top front teeth are well in front of front bottom teeth. can be considered both overjet and overbite

48
Q

Class I malocclusion

A

crooked teeth. molars are in incorrect orientation; but usually are simply crooked, twisted or stacked

49
Q

Class II malocclusion

A

Overbite; molar relationship is not right. top molars are too far forward

50
Q

Class III malocclusion

A

Under-bite. bottom molars are too far forward or in front of top molars

51
Q

Cross-bite malocclusion

A

Upper dental arch is inside the bottom dental arch. can be anterior, can be posterior depending on case. Usually teeth are very crowded

52
Q

Open- bite malocclusion

A

molars are touching but front teeth have large gap between them (problems with fricatives)

53
Q

Posterior open- bite malocclusion

A

front teeth are touching but the molars do not touch. Can cut but cannot grind

54
Q

Levator veli palatine

A

main muscle of velar elevation

55
Q

superior pharyngeal constrictor

A

raises velum

56
Q

Musculus uvulae

A

plural (comes in pairs) superior surface at mid-line; go off back of soft palate

57
Q

Tensor veli palatine

A

open the eustachian tube by twisting. From middle ear to drain (every time you swallow)

58
Q

Palatal pharynges

A

pulls velum down

59
Q

Branchial Arches

A

5 pairs with clefts in between them

  • Mandibular
  • Hyoid
  • Thyro-Hyoid
  • 4&5 not distinct or named

CSUS Speech-Language Pathology (23 decks)

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