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CSUS Speech-Language Pathology > AR Exam 4 > Flashcards

AR Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Selective Attention

A
  • Occurs within all sensory systems simultaneously

- Uses the brainstem simultaneously

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2
Q

Cocktail Party Syndrome

A
  • Automatic shifting of attention to a signal of greater importance.
  • Occurs outside the control of the listener.
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3
Q

Dichotic Listening

A

Auditory stimuli that are presented in both ears simultaneously; with the stimulus presented to each ear being different.
-The right ear, related contralaterally to the left hemisphere is generally stronger, as the left hemisphere is language-dominant.

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4
Q

Temporal Processing

A

This refers to the time-related aspects of the acoustic signal.
–For music the listener must be able to perceive the order of several musical notes or chords. And to determine if the notes or chords are ascending or descending.

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5
Q

Top-Down Processing

A

Efficient and rapid processing in all modalities

  • We can perform this when the material is familiar and comfortable.
  • do this when we are listening to a speaker without dialect or accent or disordered speech.
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6
Q

Bottom-Up processing

A
  • It is less efficient

- it is slower and requires more effort

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7
Q

Etiology of CAPD

A
  • History of intermittent hearing loss
  • Maturational lag
  • “Wiring” issues
  • Neurological disorders including aging population
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8
Q

Otitis Media

A

-An inflammation of the middle ear space
-Children under 2 years have highest rate of increase
-Almost always associated with Eustachian tube dysfunction
Acute – 1 to 21 days
Subacute – 22 days to 8 weeks
Chronic - > 8 weeks

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9
Q

Otitis Media Fluid Classified as…

A

Serous – thin, watery
Purulent – pus-like
Mucoid - thick, mucus-like

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10
Q

OM is one of the most common indicators for…

A

Antimicrobial use in US

  • 12 million in 1980
  • 24 million in 1982
  • most common during the first 2 years of a child’s life
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11
Q

The audiologic approach

A

Site of lesion – establishing a link to brain injury based upon the performance of known brain lesion on CAPD tests

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12
Q

The psycheducatonal approach

A

Primary auditory abilities can be tested without associating them results with brain function

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13
Q

The language development approach

A

Central auditory processing abilities underlie other abilities such as language and reading

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14
Q

CAPD Battery Considerations

A
  • Have the skill set to administer and interpret

- Must take into account age, level of intellectual functioning, hearing status.

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15
Q

validity

A

tests ability to measure what we want measured

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16
Q

Efficiency

A

comes from the tests sensitivity and specificity

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17
Q

reliability

A

repeatability of results or outcomes

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18
Q

Children’s Auditory Performance Scale (CHAPS) (Smolski, Brunt, & Tannerhill, 1998).

A
  • Screeners/Questionnaire
  • 36 item questionnaire
  • 7 point scale to rate listening behaviors against classmates
  • Ratings in noise, quiet, ideal, auditory memory and auditory attention span
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19
Q

Binaural Interaction Tests

A
  • Designed to see if the CANS can unify disparate messages sent to both ears
  • This task is thought to be a brainstem function and therefore sensitive to brainstem pathology
20
Q

Masking Level Difference (MLD)

A

Words or tone presented to both ears at the same time as a broadband masking noise to both ears.

21
Q

Dichotic Speech Tests

A

-Different speech material is presented to both ears in simultaneous or overlapping mode

22
Q

Monoaual Low Redundancy Speech Tests

A
  • Speech stimulus is degraded by modifying frequency, temporal or intensity
  • Presented monaurally
  • Tests auditory closure and is thought to be sensitive to brainstem lesions
23
Q

Temporal Patterning Tests

A

Looks at:

  • Feature detection abilities
  • Frequency or duration discrimination
  • Acoustical pattern contour
24
Q

Language-Based Testing

A
  • to identify the specific strengths and weaknesses of the individual client.
  • necessary to probe those learning areas that a CAPD usually affects.
25
Q

Target Words

A
  • Instruct the listener to respond as soon as the word is heard
  • At the end of the session tally their responses against the number of times the word occurred
26
Q

Improving Listening Skills

A

Technique: training listener to focus auditory attention on different aspects of the incoming message.

27
Q

Identifying Phonemes

A
  • Always begin with consonants.
  • Look for accuracy of about 85%
  • Add vowels once client can do initial and final consonants
28
Q

Identifying Missing Sounds

A

-What sound can hear in the first word that is missing in the second word
(Small–mall)
(Soak–so)
Etc

29
Q

Normal Central Auditory Processing

A

all operations executed on peripheral auditory inputs, and which are required for the successful and timely generation of auditory precepts, their resolution, differentiation, and identification.

30
Q

Central Auditory Processes

A

sound localization/lateralization, auditory discrimination and pattern recognition, temporal aspects of audition, auditory performance with competing and degrading acoustic signals.

31
Q

A deficit in 1 or more auditory processes may interfere with…

A

the accurate perception of auditory information and result in a CAPD

32
Q

CAPD

A

a deficit in the processing of information that is specific to the auditory modality in the presence of normal hearing

33
Q

CN VIII

A

Auditory Nerve. Receptive fields: tuning curve from hair cell. Exits the IAC near CPA

34
Q

Pathway to the Brain

A 
VSLIM - bilateral
Ventral & Dorsal Cochlear nucleus 
superior olivary complex 
lateral lemniscus 
inferior colliculus 
medial geniculate
35
Q

Broca’s v. Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

B: understanding language but unable to speak or write

W: • speaks but cannot understand

36
Q

Cortical Plasticity

A

damage to hair cells in cochlea (remaps neighboring frequencies in cortex).

37
Q

Medial Geniculate

A

thalamus. Function: fight or flight; limbic system.

38
Q

Superior Olivary Complex

A

medulla. Ipsilateral and contralateral input. Function: Locates sound sources, shuts down parts of basilar membrane, efferent, acoustic reflex.

39
Q

Lateral Lemniscus

A

pons. Pathway for impulses from ipsilateral lower brainstem. Function unknown.

40
Q

Inferior Colliculus

A

midbrain

41
Q

Medial Geniculate

A

thalamus. Function: fight or flight; limbic system.

42
Q

Hearing Pathway

A

cochlea - brainstem - cortex

43
Q

Role of the Central Auditory Nervous System

A
  • “Processing” rapid signals
  • Alerting to incoming information
  • Communication between the two hemispheres of the brain
    Coordinating or “teaming” between the two ears
44
Q

Redundancy (intrinsic)

A

Built into the auditory system (both peripheral and central)…multiple representations of the signal throughout the CANS. Certainly can be impacted by disorder of auditory system, such as tumor, demylinating disease, etc

45
Q

Redundancy (external)

A

Built into the signal (syntax, morphology, semantics, etc) which enhance comprehension of the signal. Can be impacted by issues such as cognitive impairment (e.g. Alzheimer’s)

46
Q

Issues with listening issues related to processing

A
  • hearing in noisy environments
  • lack of music appreciation
  • difficulty following conversations, directions, taking notes, learning foreign language
  • pragmatics
  • spelling/reading/writing
  • organization
47
Q

Normal Auditory Processing

A

listener identifies linguistic units from acoustic stream using melodic components (prosody) and recognizing word boundaries.

CSUS Speech-Language Pathology (23 decks)

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