Pharmacology master

Question 1

epinephrine as glaucoma drug

Answer 1

decrease humor synthesis via a1 vasoconstriction.

s/e mydriasis, do not use in closed angle

Question 2

brimonidine use, mech

Answer 2

glaucome via a2 decreased aqueous humor production

Question 3

timolol, betazolol, cartelol use and mech

Answer 3

glaucoma, aquamous humor synthesis

Question 4

acetazolamide use and mech

Answer 4

glaucoma, decrease humor synthesis

Question 5

pilocarpine (good for), carbachol use and mech and s/e

Answer 5

glaucoma, direct

increase outflow through contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of meshwork

miosis and cyclospasm

pilocarpine used in emergencies

Question 6

physostigmine, echothiphate use, mech, s/e

Answer 6

glacoma

indirect

miosis and cyclspasm of ciliary muscles

Question 7

bimatoprost, latanoprost use, mech

Answer 7

glaucoma

increase outflow through uveoscleral tract

Question 8

meperidine s/e

Answer 8

metabolized to normeperidine and has long halg life

watch in renal failure -> anxeity, tremors, seizures

has anticholinergic properties so causes mydriasis

Question 9

pentazocine mech, s/e

Answer 9

k opiod agonist and u opiod antagonst weak

can cause withdraw in opiod abusers

k agonists cause dysphoria, less potential for abuse

Question 10

butorphanol mech, s/e

Answer 10

opiod agonist and u opiod antagonst weak

can cause withdraw in opiod abusers

k agonists cause dysphoria, less potential for abuse

Question 11

tramadol mech and s/e

Answer 11

5 ht and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and weak opiod agonist

decreases seizure threshold and can cause serotonin syndrome

Question 12

cyclobenzaprine s/e

Answer 12

anticholinergic - xerostomia, mydriasis, tachycardia

Question 13

dantrolene use

Answer 13

malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 14

succinylcholine mech and s/e

Answer 14

ach receptor agonist, flaccid paralysis, depolarizing

burk victoms hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, and malignant hyperthermia

Question 15

nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers action, and reversal

Answer 15

compete with ach receptors, causes flaccid paralysis

reverse with neostigmine (give with atropine to prevent muscarininc effects like bradycardia), edrophonium, and other cholinnestrase inhibitors

Question 16

local anesthetics - esters vs amides

Answer 16

esters = 1 I
amides = 2 I

Question 17

local anesthetic mech and why works bad in acidic tissue

Answer 17

tertiary diffuses through becomes quatenary and blocks na channels

in acidic tissue becomes quatenary

Question 18

local anesthetic can be given with

Answer 18

epinephrine or other vasconstrictor, enhances action

Question 19

local anesthetic order of loss

Answer 19

pain, temperature, touch, pressure

Question 20

iv anesthetics

Answer 20

barbituates (thiopental), benzos (midazolam), arylcyclohexylamines (ketamine), porpofol, opiods.

the might kind proposes to oprah (to not in pneumonic)

Question 21

inhaled anesthetic effects

Answer 21

myocardial depression (decreased bp), respiratory depression, nausease/emesis after waking up, increase cerebral blood flow (increased icp)

Question 22

inhaled anesthetics individual effects

Answer 22

halothane (hepatotoxic), nephrotoxicity (methooxyflurane), proconvulsant (enflurane, epileptogenic), expansion of trapped gas (n20)

Question 23

malignant hyperthermia

Answer 23

tx with dantrolene

fever, muscle rigidity and contractions, autosomal dominant usually with variable penetrance. voltage sensitive ryanodine receptor mutations. hyper k, ck, and myoglobin from rhabdo. rhabdo from heat and atp depletion. mixed acidosis from co2 hypercarbia and lactic acid

Question 24

memantine use and mech

Answer 24

nmda receptor antagnoist for alzhemiers

Question 25

donepil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine mech use and s/e

Answer 25

alzhemiers

ache inhibitors

nausea, dizziness, insomnia

Question 26

triptans mech, use, effects

Answer 26

5 ht1b/1d agonists. inhibit trigeminal nerve activation; prevent vasoactive peptide release. induce vasoconstriction

acute migraine, cluster headaches

coronary vasospasm (CI in patients with CAD or prinzmetal angina), mild paresthesia, serotonin syndrome (n combination with other 5-ht agonists)

Question 27

tetrabanazine and reserpine use and mach

Answer 27

huntington

vmat inhbitors decrease dopamine vesicle packaging and release

Question 28

haloperidol a use and mech

Answer 28

huntington disease, d2 receptor antagnoist

Question 29

riluzole use and mech

Answer 29

als

decrease glutamate toxicity somehow