Pharmacology master Flashcards
epinephrine as glaucoma drug
decrease humor synthesis via a1 vasoconstriction.
s/e mydriasis, do not use in closed angle
brimonidine use, mech
glaucome via a2 decreased aqueous humor production
timolol, betazolol, cartelol use and mech
glaucoma, aquamous humor synthesis
acetazolamide use and mech
glaucoma, decrease humor synthesis
pilocarpine (good for), carbachol use and mech and s/e
glaucoma, direct
increase outflow through contraction of ciliary muscle and opening of meshwork
miosis and cyclospasm
pilocarpine used in emergencies
physostigmine, echothiphate use, mech, s/e
glacoma
indirect
miosis and cyclspasm of ciliary muscles
bimatoprost, latanoprost use, mech
glaucoma
increase outflow through uveoscleral tract
meperidine s/e
metabolized to normeperidine and has long halg life
watch in renal failure -> anxeity, tremors, seizures
has anticholinergic properties so causes mydriasis
pentazocine mech, s/e
k opiod agonist and u opiod antagonst weak
can cause withdraw in opiod abusers
k agonists cause dysphoria, less potential for abuse
butorphanol mech, s/e
opiod agonist and u opiod antagonst weak
can cause withdraw in opiod abusers
k agonists cause dysphoria, less potential for abuse
tramadol mech and s/e
5 ht and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and weak opiod agonist
decreases seizure threshold and can cause serotonin syndrome
cyclobenzaprine s/e
anticholinergic - xerostomia, mydriasis, tachycardia
dantrolene use
malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome
succinylcholine mech and s/e
ach receptor agonist, flaccid paralysis, depolarizing
burk victoms hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, and malignant hyperthermia
nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers action, and reversal
compete with ach receptors, causes flaccid paralysis
reverse with neostigmine (give with atropine to prevent muscarininc effects like bradycardia), edrophonium, and other cholinnestrase inhibitors
local anesthetics - esters vs amides
esters = 1 I amides = 2 I
local anesthetic mech and why works bad in acidic tissue
tertiary diffuses through becomes quatenary and blocks na channels
in acidic tissue becomes quatenary
local anesthetic can be given with
epinephrine or other vasconstrictor, enhances action
local anesthetic order of loss
pain, temperature, touch, pressure
iv anesthetics
barbituates (thiopental), benzos (midazolam), arylcyclohexylamines (ketamine), porpofol, opiods.
the might kind proposes to oprah (to not in pneumonic)
inhaled anesthetic effects
myocardial depression (decreased bp), respiratory depression, nausease/emesis after waking up, increase cerebral blood flow (increased icp)
inhaled anesthetics individual effects
halothane (hepatotoxic), nephrotoxicity (methooxyflurane), proconvulsant (enflurane, epileptogenic), expansion of trapped gas (n20)
malignant hyperthermia
tx with dantrolene
fever, muscle rigidity and contractions, autosomal dominant usually with variable penetrance. voltage sensitive ryanodine receptor mutations. hyper k, ck, and myoglobin from rhabdo. rhabdo from heat and atp depletion. mixed acidosis from co2 hypercarbia and lactic acid
memantine use and mech
nmda receptor antagnoist for alzhemiers
donepil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine mech use and s/e
alzhemiers
ache inhibitors
nausea, dizziness, insomnia
triptans mech, use, effects
5 ht1b/1d agonists. inhibit trigeminal nerve activation; prevent vasoactive peptide release. induce vasoconstriction
acute migraine, cluster headaches
coronary vasospasm (CI in patients with CAD or prinzmetal angina), mild paresthesia, serotonin syndrome (n combination with other 5-ht agonists)
tetrabanazine and reserpine use and mach
huntington
vmat inhbitors decrease dopamine vesicle packaging and release
haloperidol a use and mech
huntington disease, d2 receptor antagnoist
riluzole use and mech
als
decrease glutamate toxicity somehow
