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Pharmacology > hematology and oncology > Flashcards

hematology and oncology Flashcards

1
Q

what does multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) code for?

A

p-glycoprotein (atp dependent efflux pump)

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2
Q

where is p glycoprotein found?

A

intestine, renal tubules, BBB

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3
Q

p glycoprotein features

A

upregulated in cancer cells and has broad specificity for hydrophobic compounds

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4
Q

mechanism of 6 mercaptopurine and azathioprine

A

they are purine (thiol analogs) they get combined with PRPP and made into thioinosinic acid (aka thioinsonic monophosphate) -> inhibition of multiple steps of purine sythesis -> decreased IMP/AMP/GMP

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5
Q

how are 6 mercaptopurine and azathioprine related?

A

azathioprine is a prodrug of 6 mercaptopurine

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6
Q

what is azathioprine mainly used for?

A

immunosuppression

lupus

ra, chrons, uc, kidney transplant rejection prevention

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7
Q

what is 6 mercaptopurine mainly used for?

A

cancner and immnusuprresion

all, cll, chron’s, uc

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8
Q

other uses of 6 mercaptopurine and azathioprine

A

use to wean people off steroid in chronic disease and to treat steroid refractory chronic disease

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9
Q

sided effects of 6 mercaptopurine and azathioprine

A

myelosuppression, gi, liver.

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10
Q

azathioprine and 6 mp metabolism

A

activated by HGPRT

inactivated by either xanthine oxidase or TPMT (polymorphisms)

increased toxicity with allopurional or febuxostat

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11
Q

folic acid metabolism

A

417

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12
Q

methotraxate mechnism

A

folic acid analog (anatagonist (u)) competitievly inhibits dihydrofolate reducatase

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13
Q

what happens to methotrexate once inside the cells?

A

417

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14
Q

methotrexate side effects

A

417

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15
Q

methotrexate side effects

A

417

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16
Q

5-fluorouracil mechanism

A

417

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17
Q

f-fluorouracil what does leucovorin do?

A

417

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18
Q

f-fluorouracil side effects

A

417

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19
Q

cladrabine mech

A

417

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20
Q

cladrabine use

A

417

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21
Q

cladrabine side effects

A

417

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22
Q

cytarabine (arabinofuranosyl cytidine) mech

A

417

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23
Q

cytarabine (arabinofuranosyl cytidine) use

A

417

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24
Q

cytarabine (arabinofuranosyl cytidine) side effects

A

417

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25
Q

antimetabolies work in what cycle?

A

s phase

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26
Q

bleomycin cell cycle

A

g2

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27
Q

bleomycin mec

A

418

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28
Q

dactinomycin (actinomycin d) mech

A

418

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29
Q

dactinomycin (actinomycin d) side effects

A

418

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30
Q

doxorubicin, daunorubicin cycle (athracyclines)

A

uworld said g2

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31
Q

dactinomycin (actinomycin d) mech

A

418

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32
Q

dactinomycin (actinomycin d) side effects

A

418

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33
Q

dactinomycin (actinomycin d) side effects

A

418

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34
Q

busulfan mech

A

418

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35
Q

busulfan use

A

418

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36
Q

busulfan side effects

A

418

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37
Q

busulfan side effects

A

418

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38
Q

cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide mech

A

418

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39
Q

cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide side effects

A

418

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40
Q

nitrosureas (carmustine) mech

A

418

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41
Q

nitrosureas (carmustine) use

A

418

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42
Q

nitrosureas (carmustine) use

A

418

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43
Q

nitrosureas (carmustine) side effect

A

419

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44
Q

microtubule inhibitors cell cycle

A

m phase specific

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45
Q

taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel, and other taxols) mech

A

419

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46
Q

taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel, and other taxols) side effects

A

419

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47
Q

vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine) mech

A

419

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48
Q

vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine) side effects

A

419

49
Q

vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine) side effects

A

419

50
Q

etoposide, teniposide cell cycle

A

s g2

51
Q

cisplatin, carboplatin mech

A

419

52
Q

cisplatin, carboplatin side effect

A

419

53
Q

etoposide, teniposide cell cycle

A

s g2

54
Q

etoposide, teniposide mech

A

419

55
Q

etoposide, teniposide side effects

A

419

56
Q

irinotecan, topotecan cell cycle

A

s1 g2

57
Q

irinotecan, topotecan mech

A

419

58
Q

irinotecan, topotecan use

A

419

59
Q

irinotecan, topotecan side effect

A

419

60
Q

hydroxyurea cell cycle

A

419

61
Q

hydroxyurea mech

A

419

62
Q

hydroxyurea use

A

419

63
Q

hydroxyurea side effect

A

419

64
Q

bevacizumab mech

A

420

65
Q

bevacizumab side effect

A

420

66
Q

erlotinib mech

A

420

67
Q

erlotinib use

A

420

68
Q

erlotinib side effect

A

420

69
Q

cetuximab mech

A

420

70
Q

cetuximab use

A

420

71
Q

cetuximab side effect

A

420

72
Q

imatinib mech

A

420

73
Q

imatinib use

A

420

74
Q

imatinib side effect

A

420

75
Q

rituximab mech

A

420

76
Q

rituximab use

A

420

77
Q

rituximab sid effect

A

420

78
Q

bortezomib, carfilzomib mech

A

420

79
Q

bortezomib, carfilzomib use

A

420

80
Q

bortezomib, carfilzomib side effect

A

420

81
Q

tamoxifen, raloxifene mech

A

421

82
Q

tamoxifen, raloxifene use

A

421

83
Q

tamoxifen, raloxifene effects

A

421

84
Q

trastuzumab (herceptin) mech

A

421

85
Q

trastuzumab (herceptin) use

A

421

86
Q

trastuzumab (herceptin) side effect

A

421

87
Q

vemurafenib mech

A

421

88
Q

vemurafenib clinical use

A

421

89
Q

tumor lysis syndrome

A

421

90
Q

rasburicase

A

421

91
Q

LMWH

A

enoxaparin, tinzaparin, dalteparin

92
Q

half life of heparin vs half life of LMWH

A

heparin has a short half life, LMWH have longer half life

93
Q

advantage and drawback of LMWH

A

subcutaneous and without lab monitoring, drawback is not easily reversible

94
Q

name the direct thrombin inhibitors

A

bivalirudin, argatroban, lepirudin, dabigatran (only noac)

95
Q

direct thrombin inhibitor uses

A

venous thromboembolism (DVT), atrial fibrillation , pci

96
Q

direct thrombin inhibitor advatage

A

no lab monitoring

97
Q

direct thrombin inhibitor adverse effects

A

bleeding; can reverse dabigatran with idarucizumab.

98
Q

other ways to reverse direct thrombin inhibtors

A

pcc and/or antifibrinolytics (tranexamic acid) if no reversal available (idarucizumab)

99
Q

heparin route of administratoin

A

IV, SC

100
Q

name of factor Xa inhibitors

A

apiXaban, rivaroXaban

101
Q

thrombolytics mech

A

convert plasminogen to plasmin, cleaves fibrin and thrombin.

102
Q

thrombolytics labs

A

increase PT and PTT, no change in platelet count

103
Q

thrombolytics uses

A

early MI, early ischemic stroke, direct thrombolytics for PE

104
Q

thrombolytics CI

A

pts with active bleeding, history of intracranial bleed, recent surgery, known bleeding diathesis, or sever HTN.

105
Q

thrombolytics adverse effect

A

bleeding

106
Q

thrombolytics reversal

A

415

107
Q

adp receptor blocker names

A

415

108
Q

adp inhibitors mech

A

415

109
Q

adp inhibitors use

A

415

110
Q

adp inhibitors effects

A

415

111
Q

phosphdieasterse ihnibtors

A

cilostazol, dipyridamole (used for cardiac stress test (look for ekg abnormalaity))

112
Q

phosphdieasterse ihnibtors mech

A

415

113
Q

phosphdieasterse ihnibtors use

A

415

114
Q

phosphdieasterse ihnibtors adverse

A

415

115
Q

glycoprotein 2b/IIIa ini=hibtors names

A

415

116
Q

glycoprotein 2b/IIIa ini=hibtors mech

A

415

117
Q

glycoprotein 2b/IIIa ini=hibtors use

A

415

118
Q

glycoprotein 2b/IIIa ini=hibtors side effects

A

415

Pharmacology (33 decks)

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