Pharmacology - Basic concepts Flashcards
what a drug does to the body is known as
a. pharmacokinetics
b. pharmacodynamics
b.pharmacodynamics
what your body does to a drug is known as
a. pharmacokinetics
b. pharmacodynamics
a.pharmacokinetics
what is the correct order of events for pharmacokinetics
a. absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
b. absorption, metabolism, distribution , excretion
c. metabolism, absorption, distribution , excretion
a.absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
ADME
what two stages of pharmacokinetics make up the elimination
a. absorption and distribution
b. distribution and metabolism
c. metabolism and excretion
c.metabolism and excretion
ie eventual loss of the drug from the body
what two stages of pharmacokinetics make up the disposition
a. absorption and distribution
b. distribution and metabolism
c. metabolism and excretion
d. distribution and eliination
d.distribution and eliination
all proceses after absorption
reversible transfer of absorbed drug into and out of various tissues in the body from the blood stream is known as
a. distribution
b. metabolism
c. excretion
d. elimination
e. disposition
a.distribution
conversion of a drug to a usually more water soluble compound is known as
a. distribution
b. metabolism
c. excretion
d. elimination
e. disposition
b.metabolism
loss of unchanged drug from the body in the urine or faeces is known as
a. distribution
b. metabolism
c. excretion
d. elimination
e. disposition
c.excretion
what administration avoids the first pass effect?
a. oral
b. buccal
c. sublingual
c.sublingual
acids are ionised in which type of media
a. acidic
b. basic
b.basic
the first pass effect occurs in which stage of pharmacokinetics
a. absorption
b. distribution
c. metabolism
d. excretion
a.absorption
what type of drugs can cross the blood brain barrier
a. lipid soluble
b. water soluble
c. polar
a.lipid soluble
acidic drugs bind to
a. albumin
b. a1 acid glycoprotein
a.albumin
basic drugs bind to
a. albumin
b. a1 acid glycoprotein
b.a1 acid glycoprotein
which type of drug can exert pharmalogical action and distribute into tissues
a. bound to plasma proteins
b. free
b.free
volume of distribution =
drug dose/ drug conc
which type of drugs are readily excreted in the urine by the kidneys unchanged
a. polar water soluble
b. non polar lipid soluble
a.polar water soluble
which of these is phase 1 of metabolism of lipid soluble drugs
a. reactions uncover or add a chemical reactive sticky group , oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
b. reactions involve attachment of an additional chemical group (conjugation) - glucuronidation and sulphation
a.reactions uncover or add a chemical reactive sticky group , oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
which of these is phase 2 of metabolism of lipid soluble drugs
a. reactions uncover or add a chemical reactive sticky group , oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
b. reactions involve attachment of an additional chemical group (conjugation) - glucuronidation and sulphation
b.reactions involve attachment of an additional chemical group (conjugation) - glucuronidation and sulphation
the cytochrome p450 enzymes carry out the reactions of which phase of metabolism
a. phase 1
b. phase 2
a.phase 1
the reaction drug-H + O2 -> drug + H2O is catalysed by which enzyme group
a. liporptein lipases
b. cytochorme p450
b. cytochorme p450
pro drugs are mtabolised to….
a. less active metabolites
b. more active metabolites
b.more active metabolites
pril -> prilat
metabolised to more active metabolites
where does metabolism phase 2 (conjugation) occur
a. kidney
b. spleen
c. stomach
d. liver
d.liver
glucuronide is inactive and polar so is excreted in…
bile or urine
true or false one drug can effect the metabolism of another drug
a. true
b. false
a.true
what type of drugs are reabsorbed at the kidneys and are poorly excreted
a. water soluble
b. lipid soluble
b.lipid soluble
the excretion of ionised drugs can be increased by chaging the urinary pH ………………….. from the drugs pKa
a. closer to
b. away from
b.away from
eg for acidic drugs make the urine more alkaline
when creatinine levels are elevated accumulation of a drug in the kidney is….
a. increased
b. decreased
a.increased
the fraction of drug that reaches the systemic circulation is known as
a. first pass metabolism
b. bioavailability
c. apparent volume of distribution
d. elimination half life
e. clearance
b.bioavailability
the volume of plasma a drug is dissolved in is known as
a. first pass metabolism
b. bioavailability
c. apparent volume of distribution
d. elimination half life
e. clearance
c.apparent volume of distribution
the time taken for the amount of drug in the plasma /body to decrease by half is known as
a. first pass metabolism
b. bioavailability
c. apparent volume of distribution
d. elimination half life
e. clearance
d.elimination half life
the volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time is known as
a. first pass metabolism
b. bioavailability
c. apparent volume of distribution
d. elimination half life
e. clearance
e.clearance
in a first order reaction half life is …
a. halfed each time
b. variable
c. constant
c.constant
in what model are the assumptions made that a drug is distributed instantaneously throughout all the tissues it will distribute and rates of change are the same in all tissues during elimination
a. one compartment model
b. two compartment model
a.one compartment model
what is the simplest model for non instant distribution
a. one compartment model
b. two compartment model
b.two compartment model
in what model is a drug lost from the plasma in two phases
a. one compartment model
b. two compartment model
b.two compartment model
the rapid decline immediately after iv/absorption due to movement of a drug from central highly perfused to the poorly perfused tissue in the two compartment model is known as
a. distribution phase
b. elimination phase
a.distribution phase
half life is inversely proportional to what
a. dose
b. drug conc
c. drug clearance
c.drug clearance
how many half lives does it take for a drug to be essentially eliminated
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
c.5
in what type of process is a drug cleared at a fixed rate regardless of plasma conc , being potentially more dangerous
a. first order
b. second order
c. zero order
c.zero order
to calculate bioavailibilty from a graph
area under curve oral / area under curve iv
a narrow thereapeutic ratio has a …………… therapeutic ratio between MTC and MEC
a. large
b. small
b.small
dose rate =
drug conc x clearance
