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FoCS 1 > Pharmacology - Basic concepts > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Basic concepts Flashcards

1
Q

what a drug does to the body is known as

a. pharmacokinetics
b. pharmacodynamics

A

b.pharmacodynamics

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2
Q

what your body does to a drug is known as

a. pharmacokinetics
b. pharmacodynamics

A

a.pharmacokinetics

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3
Q

what is the correct order of events for pharmacokinetics

a. absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
b. absorption, metabolism, distribution , excretion
c. metabolism, absorption, distribution , excretion

A

a.absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

ADME

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4
Q

what two stages of pharmacokinetics make up the elimination

a. absorption and distribution
b. distribution and metabolism
c. metabolism and excretion

A

c.metabolism and excretion

ie eventual loss of the drug from the body

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5
Q

what two stages of pharmacokinetics make up the disposition

a. absorption and distribution
b. distribution and metabolism
c. metabolism and excretion
d. distribution and eliination

A

d.distribution and eliination

all proceses after absorption

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6
Q

reversible transfer of absorbed drug into and out of various tissues in the body from the blood stream is known as

a. distribution
b. metabolism
c. excretion
d. elimination
e. disposition

A

a.distribution

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7
Q

conversion of a drug to a usually more water soluble compound is known as

a. distribution
b. metabolism
c. excretion
d. elimination
e. disposition

A

b.metabolism

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8
Q

loss of unchanged drug from the body in the urine or faeces is known as

a. distribution
b. metabolism
c. excretion
d. elimination
e. disposition

A

c.excretion

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9
Q

what administration avoids the first pass effect?

a. oral
b. buccal
c. sublingual

A

c.sublingual

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10
Q

acids are ionised in which type of media

a. acidic
b. basic

A

b.basic

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11
Q

the first pass effect occurs in which stage of pharmacokinetics

a. absorption
b. distribution
c. metabolism
d. excretion

A

a.absorption

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12
Q

what type of drugs can cross the blood brain barrier

a. lipid soluble
b. water soluble
c. polar

A

a.lipid soluble

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13
Q

acidic drugs bind to

a. albumin
b. a1 acid glycoprotein

A

a.albumin

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14
Q

basic drugs bind to

a. albumin
b. a1 acid glycoprotein

A

b.a1 acid glycoprotein

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15
Q

which type of drug can exert pharmalogical action and distribute into tissues

a. bound to plasma proteins
b. free

A

b.free

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16
Q

volume of distribution =

A

drug dose/ drug conc

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17
Q

which type of drugs are readily excreted in the urine by the kidneys unchanged

a. polar water soluble
b. non polar lipid soluble

A

a.polar water soluble

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18
Q

which of these is phase 1 of metabolism of lipid soluble drugs

a. reactions uncover or add a chemical reactive sticky group , oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
b. reactions involve attachment of an additional chemical group (conjugation) - glucuronidation and sulphation

A

a.reactions uncover or add a chemical reactive sticky group , oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

19
Q

which of these is phase 2 of metabolism of lipid soluble drugs

a. reactions uncover or add a chemical reactive sticky group , oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
b. reactions involve attachment of an additional chemical group (conjugation) - glucuronidation and sulphation

A

b.reactions involve attachment of an additional chemical group (conjugation) - glucuronidation and sulphation

20
Q

the cytochrome p450 enzymes carry out the reactions of which phase of metabolism

a. phase 1
b. phase 2

A

a.phase 1

21
Q

the reaction drug-H + O2 -> drug + H2O is catalysed by which enzyme group

a. liporptein lipases
b. cytochorme p450

A

b. cytochorme p450

22
Q

pro drugs are mtabolised to….

a. less active metabolites
b. more active metabolites

A

b.more active metabolites

23
Q

pril -> prilat

A

metabolised to more active metabolites

24
Q

where does metabolism phase 2 (conjugation) occur

a. kidney
b. spleen
c. stomach
d. liver

A

d.liver

25
Q

glucuronide is inactive and polar so is excreted in…

A

bile or urine

26
Q

true or false one drug can effect the metabolism of another drug

a. true
b. false

A

a.true

27
Q

what type of drugs are reabsorbed at the kidneys and are poorly excreted

a. water soluble
b. lipid soluble

A

b.lipid soluble

28
Q

the excretion of ionised drugs can be increased by chaging the urinary pH ………………….. from the drugs pKa

a. closer to
b. away from

A

b.away from

eg for acidic drugs make the urine more alkaline

29
Q

when creatinine levels are elevated accumulation of a drug in the kidney is….

a. increased
b. decreased

A

a.increased

30
Q

the fraction of drug that reaches the systemic circulation is known as

a. first pass metabolism
b. bioavailability
c. apparent volume of distribution
d. elimination half life
e. clearance

A

b.bioavailability

31
Q

the volume of plasma a drug is dissolved in is known as

a. first pass metabolism
b. bioavailability
c. apparent volume of distribution
d. elimination half life
e. clearance

A

c.apparent volume of distribution

32
Q

the time taken for the amount of drug in the plasma /body to decrease by half is known as

a. first pass metabolism
b. bioavailability
c. apparent volume of distribution
d. elimination half life
e. clearance

A

d.elimination half life

33
Q

the volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time is known as

a. first pass metabolism
b. bioavailability
c. apparent volume of distribution
d. elimination half life
e. clearance

A

e.clearance

34
Q

in a first order reaction half life is …

a. halfed each time
b. variable
c. constant

A

c.constant

35
Q

in what model are the assumptions made that a drug is distributed instantaneously throughout all the tissues it will distribute and rates of change are the same in all tissues during elimination

a. one compartment model
b. two compartment model

A

a.one compartment model

36
Q

what is the simplest model for non instant distribution

a. one compartment model
b. two compartment model

A

b.two compartment model

37
Q

in what model is a drug lost from the plasma in two phases

a. one compartment model
b. two compartment model

A

b.two compartment model

38
Q

the rapid decline immediately after iv/absorption due to movement of a drug from central highly perfused to the poorly perfused tissue in the two compartment model is known as

a. distribution phase
b. elimination phase

A

a.distribution phase

39
Q

half life is inversely proportional to what

a. dose
b. drug conc
c. drug clearance

A

c.drug clearance

40
Q

how many half lives does it take for a drug to be essentially eliminated

a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6

A

c.5

41
Q

in what type of process is a drug cleared at a fixed rate regardless of plasma conc , being potentially more dangerous

a. first order
b. second order
c. zero order

A

c.zero order

42
Q

to calculate bioavailibilty from a graph

A

area under curve oral / area under curve iv

43
Q

a narrow thereapeutic ratio has a …………… therapeutic ratio between MTC and MEC

a. large
b. small

A

b.small

44
Q

dose rate =

A

drug conc x clearance

FoCS 1 (36 decks)

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