Pathology - Neoplastic and None neoplastic growth disorders Flashcards
what is an increase in the size of a cell/tissue without cell division known as?
a. hypertrophy
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia
a.hypertrophy
what does hypertrophy often occur in conjunction with?
a. hypertrophy
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia
b.hyperplasia
in systemic hypertension, increased afterload and aortic stenosis what happens to the cardiac muscle of the left ventricle
a. hypertrophy
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia
a.hypertrophy
what is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue as a consequence of cell division known as?
a. hypertrophy
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia
b.hyperplasia
adaptive increase in erythrocyte production in high altitude is an example of which change?
a. hypertrophy
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia
b.hyperplasia
where is eryhtropoeitin released from?
a. liver
b. bone marrow
c. kidney
c.kidney
psoriasis (too many keratinocytes) and enlarged prostate are caused by which change ?
a. hypertrophy
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia
b.hyperplasia
enlarged prostate putting pressure on which organ in benign prostatic hyperplasia causes difficulty urinating, frequent need to urinate and difficulty emptying the bladder?
a. ureter
b. bladder and urethra
c. urethra
b.bladder and urethra
a decrease in the size of an organ that can be due to a decrease in cell size or number is known as?
a. hypertrophy
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia
c.atrophy
increased apoptosis/reduced proliferation
what happens to the brain in alzheimers disease?
a. hypertrophy
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia
c.atrophy
A 75 year old male presents with urinary retention. PR examination shows symmetrical enlargement of the prostate. He is electively admitted for a TURP. The resected prostatic tissue is most likely to show A. Atrophy of the prostatic glandular tissues B. Benign nodular hyperplasia C. Hypertrophy of bladder neck smooth muscle D. Prostatic adenocarcinoma E. Squamous Metaplasia
B. Benign nodular hyperplasia
the replacement with one type of mature differentiated cell type with another as an adaptive response to insult or injury is known as?
a. hypertrophy
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia
d.metaplasia
cigarette smoke converts the normal pscc epithelium of the bronchi to what other type (metaplasia)
a. squamous
b. columnar
a. squamous
bladder stones converts the normal transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder to what other type (metaplasia)
a. squamous
b. columnar
a. squamous
gastrooesophageal reflux converts the normal squamous epithelium of the oesophagus to what other type (metaplasia)
a. transitional
b. columnar
b.columnar
in barrets oesophagus theres metaplasia from native squamous to what
a. glandular mucosa
b. transitional
c. cuboidal
a.glandular mucosa
a reversible condition in which epithelial cells require some features of malignant cells but without the capacity for invasion is known as..
a. hypertrophy
b. hyperplasia
c. atrophy
d. metaplasia
e. dysplasia
e.dysplasia
A 52 year old obese Caucasian male presents with severe heartburn and waterbrash.
At endoscopy, the oesophageal lining is abnormal in the distal 1/3 and shows a large irregular red flat area.There are no nodules or ulcers
Biopsies of the abnormal area are likely to show:
A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Barrett’s oeophagus
C. Dysplastic squamous epithelium
D. Herpes Simplex
E. Squamous cell carcinoma
B. Barrett’s oeophagus
an abnormal mass of tissue due to genetic alterations the growth of which is uncoordinated with that of normal tissues and persists after removal of the evoking stimulus is known as..
a. tumour
b. neoplasm
b.neoplasm
what type of tumour is usually well circumsised/encapsulated with few mitoses?
a. benign
b. malignant
a. benign
what type of tumour is usually poorly defined or irregular with many mitoses?
a. benign
b. malignant
b. malignant
in which type of tumour is nuclear morphology variable, along with resemblance to tissue of origin and common necrosis
a. benign
b. malignant
b. malignant
adeno-
glandular epithelium
papillo-
non glandular epithelium
lipo-
fat
osteo-
bone
chondro-
cartilage
angio-
blood vessel
rhabdo-
skeletal muscle
leiomyo-
smooth muscle
what cancer has keratin pearls
a. adenocarcinoma
b. squamous cell carcinoma
c. squamous cell metaplasia
b.squamous cell carcinoma
a low grade, well differentiated tumour has a..
a. less aggresive course
b. more aggressive course
a.less aggresive course
a high grade, poorly differentiated tumour has a..
a. less aggresive course
b. more aggressive course
b.more aggressive course
stage of a tumour refers to..
a. resemblance to presumed normal counterpart
b. size of a tumour
c. extent of spread of a tumour
c. extent of spread of a tumour
what is the most common pathway of spread for carcinomas and melanomas
a.transcoelemic
b.lymphatic spread
c,haemotogenous spread
b.lymphatic spread
what type of cancer does not usually spread by lymph
a. carcinoma
b. melanoma
c. sarcomas
c.sarcomas
what spread is typical of sarcomas
a.transcoelemic
b.lymphatic spread
c,haemotogenous spread
c,haemotogenous spread
which of these organs are not involved frequently in haemotogenous spread
a,liver
b. lungs
c. spleen
c. spleen
Which of the following tumours is most likely to show lymphatic invasion? A. Breast Carcinoma B. Breast Fibroadenoma C. Follicular Lymphoma D. Well differentiated liposarcoma E. Uterine Leiomyoma
A. Breast Carcinoma
