Biochemistry - Lipid formation and metabolism Flashcards by Jenna Dymond | Brainscape

Q

what lipid is a structural component of membranes and a precursor for bile acid and steroid synthesis

a. cholesterol
b. fatty acids
c. triglycerides
d. phospholipids
e. eicosanoids

A

a.cholesterol

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Q

what lipid effects blood coagulation, bronchial and vascular contractility and reproduction?

a. cholesterol
b. fatty acids
c. triglycerides
d. phospholipids
e. eicosanoids

A

e.eicosanoids

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Q

what lipid effects the central nervous system and blood group substances

a. cholesterol
b. fatty acids
c. sphingolipids
d. phospholipids
e. eicosanoids

A

c.sphingolipids

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Q

which of these vitamins is not fat soluble?

a.A
b.C
c.D
d. E
e,K

A

b.C

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Q

which vitamin is associated with vision?

a.A
b.C
c.D
d. E
e,K

A

a.A

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Q

which vitamin is associated with calcium homeostasis and maintenance of bone integrity?

a.A
b.C
c.D
d. E
e,K

A

c.D

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Q

which vitamin is associated with neural function and antioxidant?

a.A
b.C
c.D
d. E
e,K

A

d. E

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Q

which vitamin is associated with activation of clotting factors?

a.A
b.C
c.D
d. E
e,K

A

e,K

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Q

what is the major apolipoprotein in chylomicrons?

a. b -48
c. b 100
c. b100
d. b100
e. A-1

A

a.b -48

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Q

what is the major apolipoprotein in vldl?

a. b -48
c. b 100
c. b100
d. b100
e. A-1

A

c. b 100

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Q

what is the major apolipoprotein in ldl?

a. b -48
c. b 100
c. b100
d. b100
e. A-1

A

c.b100

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Q

what is the major apolipoprotein in idl?

a. b -48
c. b 100
c. b100
d. b100
e. A-1

A

d. b100

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Q

what is the major apolipoprotein in hdl?

a. b -48
c. b 100
c. b100
d. b100
e. A-1

A

e. A-1

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Q

which lipoprotein is apo-A containing

a. chylomicrons
b. vldl
c. ldl
e. HDL

A

e.HDL

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Q

where is fat broken down by enzymes initially in the exogenous lipid pathway

a.lower gi tract
b.stomach
c,upper gi tract

A

c,upper gi tract

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Q

after being broken down in the upper gi tract what do lipids form?

a. free cholesterol, monoglycerides, free fatty acids and glycerol
b. micelles
c. cholesterol esters and triglycerides
d. free fatty acids

A

a.free cholesterol, monoglycerides, free fatty acids and glycerol

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Q

following breakdow in the upper gi tract what are free cholesterol, mocoglycerides, glycerol and free fatty acids solubiized into by bile acids

a. free cholesterol, monoglycerides, free fatty acids and glycerol
b. micelles
c. cholesterol esters and triglycerides
d. free fatty acids

A

b.micelles

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Q

following formation of micelles and entrance to enterocytes by bile what do the lipids form

a. free cholesterol, monoglycerides, free fatty acids and glycerol
b. micelles
c. cholesterol esters and triglycerides
d. free fatty acids

A

c.cholesterol esters and triglycerides

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Q

what do the esterified cholesteryl esters and triglycerides form

a. free cholesterol, monoglycerides, free fatty acids and glycerol
b. micelles
c. cholesterol esters and triglycerides
d. free fatty acids
e. chylomicrons

A

e.chylomicrons

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Q

what are chylomicrons released into in the exogenous lipid pathway?

a. thoracic duct
b. upper GI tract
c. liver
d. lymphatics

A

d.lymphatics

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Q

following release into the lymphatics where are chylomicrons transported to?

a. thoracic duct
b. upper GI tract
c. liver
d. lymphatics

A

a. thoracic duct

Q

what do chylomicrons aquire when they leave the thoracic duct and enter the circulation

a. apo a100
b. abo b100
c. apo c II
d. apo b II

A

c.apo c II

Q

what interacts with lipoprotein lipase in the exogenous lipid pathway?

a. apo a100
b. abo b100
c. apo c II
d. apo b II

A

c.apo c II

Q

what does lipoprotein lipase hydrolyse triglycerides in chylomicrons to?

a. free cholesterol, monoglycerides, free fatty acids and glycerol
b. micelles
c. cholesterol esters and triglycerides
d. free fatty acids

A

d. free fatty acids

Q

after gradually reducing in size and becoming chylomicron remnants what do the remnants eneter?

a. thoracic duct
b. upper GI tract
c. liver
d. lymphatics

A

c.liver

Q

VLDL being secreted from the liver marks the start of which lipid pathway

a. exogenous
b. endogenous

A

b.endogenous

Q

after vldl is secreted from the liver apo c ii interacts with lipoprotein lipase again hydrolysing triglycerides to free fatty acids which enter cells and become smaller remnants
50% of this is hydrolysed to form ldl the other 50% is cleared by which organ

a. kidney
b. spleen
c. liver

A

c.liver

Q

what does the LDL receptor associated with PCSK9 interact with

a. apo c ii
b. apo a 100
c. apo b100

A

c. apo b100

Q

what does pcsk9 do?

a. signals the cell to reuse the receptor
b. signals the cell not to reuse the receptor

A

b. signals the cell not to reuse the receptor

Q

what is secreted from the liver and intestine at the start of reverse cholesterol transport

a. apo c ii
b. apo a 100
c. apo b100
d. apo a1

A

d. apo a1

Q

what does apo a1 from the liver combine with to form nascent HDL in reverse cholesterol transport

a. triglycerides
b. cholesterol
c. phospholipids

A

c.phospholipids

Q

what dos nascent HDL accept from cells

a. cholesterol
b. triglycerides
c. phospholipids
d. free fatty acids

A

a. cholesterol

Q

what is free cholesterol on the surface of nascent HDL esterified into cholesterol esters by?

a. lipoprotein lipase
b. LCAT

A

b. LCAT

Q

cholesterol esters esters move to the lipoprotein core forming what in reverse cholesterol transport

a. HDL 1
b. HDL 2
c. HDL 3
d. HDL 4

A

c. HDL 3

Q

transfer of lipids and apolipoproteins from other lipoproteins to HDL 3 in the reverse cholesterol transport leads to formation of what larger structure?

a,HDL - 1

b. HDL 4
c. HDL 2

A

c. HDL 2

Q

HDL 2 binds to liver cells scavenger receptor…

a. a1
b. b1
c. c1
d. d1

A

b.b1

Q

starvation leads to release of which substance that activates hormone sensitive lipase

a. adrenaline
b. glucagon
c. ACTH

A

c.ACTH

Q

fasting leads to release of which substance that activates hormone sensitive lipase

a. adrenaline
b. glucagon
c. ACTH

A

b.glucagon

Q

what is glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate for glycolysis/gluconeogensis formed from?

a. triglyceride
b. glycerol
c. fatty acids
d. cholesterol

A

b.glycerol

Q

how are fatty acids transported from the blood through the cell memrane

a. by albumin
b. by transferrin
c. by ferritin

A

a. by albumin

Q

after fatty acids enter the cytoplasm of the cell what do they become

a. fatty acyl coA and carnitine
b. fatty acyl carnitine and coA

A

a.fatty acyl coA and carnitine

Q

what state are fatty acids in in the intermembrane space

a. fatty acyl coA and carnitine
b. fatty acyl carnitine and coA

A

b.fatty acyl carnitine and coA

Q

what state are fatty acids in in the mitochondrial matrix

a. fatty acyl coA and carnitine
b. fatty acyl carnitine and coA

A

a.fatty acyl coA and carnitine

Q

oxidation of fatty acids forms …

a. triglycerides
b. esters
c. fatty acid and fatty acyl coa

A

c.fatty acid and fatty acyl coa

Q

how much shorter does the fatty acyl coa become after b oxidation

a. 1 carbon shorter
b. 2 carbons shorter
c. 3 carbons shorter

A

b. 2 carbons shorter

Q

acetyl coA is converted to ketone bodies in which organ

a. stomach
b. thyroid
c. kidney
d. liver

A

d.liver

Q

what organs are ketones useful for

a. stomach
b. thyroid
c. kidney
d. liver
e. brain

A

e.brain

Q

where does fatty acid byosynthesis occur?

a. mitochondrial matrix
b. liver cells
c. cytoplasm
d. nucleus

A

c.cytoplasm

Q

fatty acid biosynthesis allows nutrients to be stored as what

a. fatty acids
c. phospholipids
d. triglycerides

A

d.triglycerides

Q

in situations with excess citrate what is metabolised to malonyl coA

a. acoA
b. triglycerides
c. liporprotein lipase
d. LCAT

A

a.acoA

Q

what enzyme extends malonyl coA by 2 carbon chains

a. lipoprotein lipase
b. LCAT
c. acetyl coA
d. fatty acid synthase complex

A

d.fatty acid synthase complex