Genetics - DNA : The basics Flashcards
2 DNA strands run..
a.parallel
b.anti parallel
c.opposite
d.
b.anti parallel
what bonds are present between bases
a. hydrogen
b. disulphide
c. covalent
d. ionic
a.hydrogen
what makes up a nucleotide
a. sugar and nucleotide
b. sugar and phosphate
c. sugar and base
d. sugar,phosphate and base
d.sugar,phosphate and base
what is a sugar and a base known as
a. nucleotide
b. nucleoside
c. nucleic acid
b.nucleoside
RNA is ..
a. double stranded
b. single stranded
b.single stranded
what base becomes uracil in RNA
a. adenine
b. guanine
c. cytosine
d. thymine
d.thymine
which of these bases make up the pyrimidines
a. adenine and guanine
b. cytosine and thymine
c. cytosine, thymine and uracil
d. guanine and cytosine
c.cytosine, thymine and uracil
TCU
what is found on the 5’ end of DNA
a. cooh
b. oh
c. o
d. coh
e. opooo 2-
e.opooo 2-
what is found on the 3’ end of DNA
a. cooh
b. oh
c. o
d. coh
e. opooo 2-
b.oh
which direction are DNA strands written in?
a. 5-3
b. 3-5
a.5-3
the 5-3 strand of DNA is known as the..
a. coding strand
b. template strand
a.coding strand
the 3-5 strand of DNA is known as the..
a. coding strand
b. template strand
b. template strand
which strand is converted to RNA
a. template strand
b. coding strand
a.template strand
3-5 strand
bottom strand
how many chromosomes does a human have
a. 23
b. 46
b.46
which histone has a higher order of folding for chromatin
a. H2A
b. H2B
c. H3
d. H4
e. H1
e.H1
How are chromatin modifications inherited
a. autosomal recessive
b. sex linked
c. epigentic
c.epigentic
what is the correct order of the stages of DNA replication
a. unwinding of helix ,building complementary strand in 5-3 direction from eacg strand and join fragments on lagging strand
b. join fragments of lagging strand, unwind helix, building of complementary strand in 5-3 direction from each strand
a.unwinding of helix ,building complementary strand in 5-3 direction from eacg strand and join fragments on lagging strand
DNA replication is..
a. conservative
b. semi conservative
b.semi conservative
where does DNA unwind
a. replication origin
b. replication forks
c. codons
d. primer
a.replication origin
where does DNA synthesis begin
a. replication origin
b. replication forks
c. codons
d. primer
e. nucleus
b.replication forks
which proteins open th double helix and unwind it at the replication origin
a. chaperone proteins
b. histones
c. initiator proteins
d. DNA helicase
c.initiator proteins
what is the basis of pcr reaxtions
a. semi conservative replication
b. exponential expansion
b.exponential expansion
which direction is DNA synthesised in?
a. 3-5
b. 5-3
b.5-3
what strand determines what bases are added to a new strand
a. template
b. coding
a.template
each new base is linked by a….. to the 3’ OH of the growing strand
a. hydrogen bond
b. covalent bonds
c. ionic bond
d. phosphate group
d.phosphate group
what is released when each base is added to the 3 OH of the growing strand
a. phosphate
b.pi
c,pyrophosphate
d.adp
c,pyrophosphate
p2o7 4-
what catalyses the addition of nucleotides to the growing end (3OH) of a new DNA molecule
a. DNA helicase
b. DNA polymerase
c. Initiator proteins
b.DNA polymerase
true or flase DNA polymerase is attached to the end of DNA when adding new bases
a. true
b. false
a.true
DNA synthesis is ..
a. symmetrical
b. asymmetrical
b.asymmetrical
which strand of the original DNA becomes the leading strand
a. 5-3
b. 3-5
a.5-3
which strand of the original DNA becomes the lagging strand
a. 5-3
b. 3-5
a.5-3
which direction are the short strands known as okazaki fragments formed in
a. 3-5
b. 5-3
b.5-3
okazaki fragments are made as small pieces discontinuously , which enzyme is responsible for joining them together via backstitching ?
a. DNA helicase
b. DNA polymerase
c. Initiator proteins
d. DNA ligase
d.DNA ligase
true or false DNA polymerase can check and repair its own mistakes (proofreading and mismatch repair )
a. true
b. false
a. true
when does DNA polymerase check the previously added base and fixes any mistakes
a. before adding a new base
b. after adding a new base
c. at the end of the strand formation
a.before adding a new base
what is the tmeplate for protein synthesis
a. dna
b. rna
b.rna
what is the present in thymine and not uracil
a. H
b. CH3 group
b.CH3 group
isntead of H found in deoxyribose sugar what os found in ribose sugars?
a. COOH
b. CH3
c. OH
c.OH
where does the copying of DNA into RNA begin?
a. transcription start site
b. TATA box
c. promoter
d. terminator
e. start site
a.transcription start site
what signals for the start of transcription?
a. transcription start site
b. TATA box
c. promoter
d. terminator
e. start site
b.TATA box
where do transcription factors bind to regulate transcription
a. transcription start site
b. TATA box
c. promoter
d. terminator
e. start site
c.promoter
what is the signal for RNA polymerase to stop copying the DNA into template RNA
a. transcription start site
b. TATA box
c. promoter
d. terminator
e. start site
d.terminator
what is the correct order of sections of a gene from 5-3
a.promoter, Transcription start site,exons and introns, termination sequence
a.promoter, Transcription start site,exons and introns, termination sequence
splicing of mRNA removes..
a. introns
b. exons
a.introns
addition of polyA tail and what cap to RNA allows for stability and export from the nucleus
a. 3 cap
b. 5 cap
b.5 cap
true or false some RNAs used different combinations of of exons to form different proteins
a. true
b. false
a.true
how do different tissues express different vesions of the same RNA
a. splicing
b. alternative splicing
c. maintaining introns
b.alternative splicing
VEGFA splicing determines what
a. protein structure
b. protein size
c. bioavailbility
d. number of replications
c. bioavailbility
what is used in proliferative eye disease and cancer therapy
a. anti VEGFA
b. VEGFA
a.anti VEGFA
alternatively spliced exons by vegfa splicing encode basic residues which bind to what substance and therefore remian associated with the extra cellular matrix
a. warfarin
b. collagen
c. elastin
d. heparin
d. heparin
a codon determines an amino acid what makes up a codon
a. 3 dna bases
b. 3 rna bases
b. 3 rna bases
what do all proteins start with
a. Met (AUG)
b. UGA
c. UAA
d. UAG
a.Met (AUG)
which of these is not a stop codon
a. UGA
b. UAA
c. UAG
d. AUG
d.AUG
due to reading frames each genetic code can be read in how many different versions
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
c.3
tay sachs disease is caused by a hexoaminidase A defficiency this leads to fame shifts. How is this inherited
a. sex linked
b. epigenetic
c. autosomal recessive
c. autosomal recessive
which part of the ribosome translocates in translation
a. small sub unit
b. large sub unit
b.large sub unit
where are proteins transported to after translation
a. cytoplasm
b. rer
c. golgi
c.golgi
post translational modification can take many forms eg phosphorylation, acetylation what does it do to the protein?
a. changes structure
b. builds protein
c. fixes mistakes
d. polishing
d.polishing
what drugs target protein synthesis
a. antibiotics
b. corticosterioids
c. beta blockers
a.antibiotics
