Anatomy - Tissue Types 2 : Connective tissue Flashcards
what are the two main types of ordinary CT
a. supportive and fluid
b. cartilage and bone
c. loose and dense
c.loose and dense
what is true for loose ct?
a. increased fibres, decreased cells
b. decreased fibres, increased cells
c. semisolid matrix
d. solid matrix
b.decreased fibres, increased cells
what is true for dense ct?
a. increased fibres, decreased cells
b. decreased fibres, increased cells
c. semisolid matrix
d. solid matrix
a.increased fibres, decreased cells
what are the two main types of specialised CT
a. supportive and fluid
b. cartilage and bone
c. loose and dense
a.supportive and fluid
what are the two types of supportive CT?
a. dense, loose
b. cartilage, bone
c. blood, lymph
d. ordinary and specialised
b.cartilage, bone
what are the two types of fluid CT?
a. dense, loose
b. cartilage, bone
c. blood, lymph
d. ordinary and specialised
c.blood, lymph
what are the 3 types of loose CT?
a. loose, adipose, reticular
b. irregular, regular, elastic
c. hyaline, fibrocartilage,elastic
d. compact, spongy
a.loose, adipose, reticular
what are the 3 types of dense CT?
a. loose, adipose, reticular
b. irregular, regular, elastic
c. hyaline, fibrocartilage,elastic
d. compact, spongy
b. irregular, regular, elastic
what are the types of cartilage
a. loose, adipose, reticular
b. irregular, regular, elastic
c. hyaline, fibrocartilage,elastic
d. compact, spongy
c.hyaline, fibrocartilage,elastic
what are the types of bone
a. loose, adipose, reticular
b. irregular, regular, elastic
c. hyaline, fibrocartilage,elastic
d. compact, spongy
d.compact, spongy
what two types of cells are found in the structural elements of CT?
a. rbc and wbc
b. fixed and wandering
c. mitotic and meiotic
b.fixed and wandering
which of these is not a component of the ground substance
a. highly hydrated gel
b. glycosaminoglycans
c. proteoglycans
d. glycoproteins
e. lipoproteins
e.lipoproteins
what makes up the extra cellular matrix?
a. fibres and ground substance
b. cells and fibres
c. cells and ground substance
a.fibres and ground substance
what is the main component of the connective tissue
a. cells
b. fibres
c. ground substance
d. extra cellular matrix
d.extra cellular matrix
what are epithelial , muscle and nerve tissue mostly made up of?
a. cells
b. fibres
c. ground substance
d. extra cellular matrix
a.cells
what type of cell are fibroblasts, reticular cells and adipocytes?
a. fixed
b. wandering
a. fixed
what type of cell are macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells and white blood cells
a. wandering
b. fixed
a. wandering
what is the role of mast cells
a. phagocytosis
b. antibody production
c. chemical mediators defence
d. defence
c. chemical mediators defence
what is the principal cell of ordinary CT
a. mast
b. macrophage
c. fibroblast
d. reticulocyte
c.fibroblast
what cell type has an abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm with extensive RER and developed golgi
a. fibroblast
b. mast
c. macrophage
d. fibroblast
a.fibroblast
which fibre is tough with high tensile strength and stretch resistant
collagen
elastic
reticular
collagen
which fibre is long, thin and allows for stretch
collagen
elastic
reticular
elastic
which fibre is branched and made up of thin collagenous fibres
collagen
elastic
reticular
reticular
what type of collagen is found in the dermis,ligaments tendons and bones and provides tensile strength
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII
a.I
what type of collagen is found in hyaline and elastic cartilage
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII
b.II
what type of collagen is found in wound healing, lymphoid organs
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII
c.III
reticular
what type of collagen is found in the basal lamina
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII
d.IV
what type of collagen is found in anchoring fibrils that anchor the basal lamina of the epidermis to underlying dermal fibres
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII
e.VII
what is procollagen formed from in the cell?
a. 3 individual collagen molecules
b. 3 alpha polypeptide chains combined with propeptides then cleaved by proteolytic enzymes
c. tropocollagen molecules aligned into linear arrays with a stagger
a.3 individual collagen molecules
what is tropocollagen formed from after procollagen is secreted from the cell?
a. 3 individual collagen molecules
b. 3 alpha polypeptide chains combined with propeptides then cleaved by proteolytic enzymes
c. tropocollagen molecules aligned into linear arrays with a stagger
b. procollagen with propeptides then cleaved by proteolytic enzymes
what are collagen fibrils formed from ?
a. 3 individual collagen molecules
b. 3 alpha polypeptide chains combined with propeptides then cleaved by proteolytic enzymes
c. tropocollagen molecules aligned into linear arrays with a stagger
c. tropocollagen molecules aligned into linear arrays with a stagger
whats the correct order of the formation of collagen fibre
a. procollagen, tropocollagen, collagen fibrils
b. tropocollagen , procollagen, collagen fibrils
c. collagen fibrils, procollagen, tropocollagen
a.procollagen, tropocollagen, collagen fibrils
what do fibrils join together to form
a. fibres
b. bundles
a.fibres
fibres join to form bundles
what fibre is found in the dermis, aorta and lung
a. collagen
b. elastic
c. reticular
b. elastic
which fibres require special stains to be seen
a. elastic
b. collagen
c. reticular
a.elastic
what type of collagen makes up reticular fibres
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII
c.III
what colour do collagen fibres stain with silver salts
a.pink
b.red
c.purple
d,black
d,black
what do reticular fibres form?
a. bundles
b. individual fibres
c. fibrils
b.individual fibres
what is ground substance primarily made up of
a. GAGs
b. proteoglycans
c. adhesive glycoproteinss
a.GAGs
GAGs are..
a. hydrophobic
b. hydrophillic
b.hydrophillic
attract water to form gels
which of these contains a large amount of GAGs and little collagen
a. eye vitreous
b. bones
c. tendons
a.eye vitreous
what are unbranched polysaccharide chains composed of repeating dissacharide units known as
a. proteoglycans
b. glycoproteins
c. glycosaminoglycans
c. glycosaminoglycans
what regulates the cell migration and movement through the ECM and binds and acts as a resevoir for growth factors that signal to cells
a. proteoglycans
b. glycoproteins
c. glycosaminoglycans
c. glycosaminoglycans
which group of GAGs is v hydratable and v large
a. hylauronic acid
b. keratan sulphate
c. chondroiton sulphate
d. heparan suphate
a.hylauronic acid
which group of GAGs is found in both cartilage and bone
a. hylauronic acid
b. keratan sulphate
c. chondroiton sulphate
d. heparan suphate
b.keratan sulphate
which group of GAGs is found in cartilage only
a. hylauronic acid
b. keratan sulphate
c. chondroiton sulphate
d. heparan suphate
c. chondroiton sulphate
which group of GAGs is found in basement membranes
a. hylauronic acid
b. keratan sulphate
c. chondroiton sulphate
d. heparan suphate
d.heparan suphate
what does a glycosamino glycan bind to to form a proteoglycan
a,lipid
b. chondroitin
c. protein core
d. linker protein
c.protein core
how are GAGs attached to the protein core to create a bottle brush formation
a. ionic bonds
b. covalent bonds
c. hydrogen bonds
b. covalent bonds
what are individual proteoglycans linked to to form a large macromolecular complex
a. hylauronic acid
b. keratan sulphate
c. chondroiton sulphate
d. heparan suphate
e. hylauron
e.hylauron
which type of CT , has no predominant element and is not very resistant to stress
a. loose
b. dense irregular
c. dense regular
a.loose
which type of CT is adpated to offer resistance and protection made up of mostly collagen
a. loose
b. dense irregular
c. dense regular
b.dense irregular
which type of CT offers resistance in one direction or plane and is made up of mostly aligned collagen
a. loose
b. dense irregular
c. dense regular
c.dense regular
what type of ordinary CT is found below epithelia , surrounding cappillaries and forming the lamina propria of a mucosa
a. loose areolar
b. dense irregular
c. dense regular
d. adipose
e. elastic
a.loose areolar
where is adipose tissue located?
a. below epithelia , surrounding cappillaries and forming the lamina propria of a mucosa
b. dermis, submucosa of digestive tract and fibrous capsules
c. under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen and breast
c.under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen and breast
where is dense irregular connective tissue located?
a. below epithelia, surrounding cappillaries and forming the lamina propria of a mucosa
b. dermis, submucosa of digestive tract and fibrous capsules
c. under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen and breast
b.dermis, submucosa of digestive tract and fibrous capsules
metabolism of which fat produces heat in a newborn ?
a. white
b. brown
b.brown
what ct runs in ligaments , tendons, and aponeuroses?
a. loose
b. dense irregular
c. dense regular
c.dense regular
a series of genetic diseases with faulty assembly of collagens (lysyl hydroxylase deficinecy) causes what syndrome?
a. conns
b. marfans
c. cushings
d. ehlers danlos
d.ehlers danlos
what happens to joints and skin on ehlers danlos syndrome
a. hypoextension
b. hyperextension
b.hyperextension
in what type of ehlers danlos syndrome is weakness in the blood vessels present
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
d.IV
a lack of fibrillin in elastic fibres leads to what syndrome
a. conns
b. marfans
c. cushings
d. ehlers danlos
b.marfans
people with big hands, sunken chests and prone to aortic rupture would most likely be diagnosed with which CT disorder
a. conns
b. marfans
c. cushings
d. ehlers danlos
b.marfans
what CT withstands compression forces but can also be bent?
a. cartilage
b. bone
c. reticular
d. elastic
a.cartilage
what CT is avascular
a. bone
b. dense
c. loose
d. cartilage
d.cartilage
what do chondroblasts form
a. bone
b. cartilage
c. ligaments
b.cartilage
what produces the ECM
a. chondroblasts
b. chondrocytes
c. osteeoblasts
b.chondrocytes
what cells are found within a matrix enclosed in lacunae
a. chondroblasts
b. chondrocytes
c. osteeoblasts
d. osteocytes
b.chondrocytes
what type of chondrocytes produce clusters/cell nests in the matrix
a. old
b. young
b.young
what type of cartilage is found on the surface of bones, trachea and bronchus, costal cartilages and nasal cavity?
a. hyaline
b. elastic
c. fibro
a. hyaline
what type of cartilage is found in the pinna of the ear and epiglottis
a. hyaline
b. elastic
c. fibro
b.elastic
what type of cartilage is found in tendon insertions, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs and articular menisci
a. hyaline
b. elastic
c. fibro
c.fibro
what type of cartilage has a glassy/pearly white appearance and pale blue/purple with H and E
a. hyaline
b. elastic
c. fibro
a. hyaline
in hyaline cartilage what type of fibres are found embedded in a firm hydrated gel of proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins
a. collagen I
b. reticular
c. elastin
d. collagen II
d.collagen II
high content of water bound to GAG in hyaline cartilage allows for?
a. sliding movement
b. shock absoprtion
c. support
a.sliding movement
what surrounds the cartilage?
a. perichondrium
b. epicondrium
c. endochondrium
a.perichondrium
what type of fibres are found in addition to elastic fibres
a. collagen I
b. reticular
c. elastin
d. collagen II
d.collagen II
fibrocartilage is an intermeduate between what type of CT and hyaline cartilage
a. loose adipose
b. dense regular
c. dense irregular
b. dense regular
what type of collagen fibres are found separating the long rows of chondrocytes in fibrocartilage
a. collagen I
b. reticular
c. elastin
d. collagen II
a.collagen I
what type of cartilage has combine tensile strength and shock absoprtion
a. collagen
b. elastic
c. fibro
c.fibro
what type of collagen fibres make up most the organic matrix
a. collagen I
b. reticular
c. elastin
d. collagen II
a.collagen I
what surrounds fibres in the bone matrix in the form of ca hydroxyapatite crystals
a. calcium
b. calcium oxide
c. calcium phosphate
d. calcium sulphate
c.calcium phosphate
what is the role of osteoblast
a. form bone ECM, located at surface of bone
b. maintain bone tissue , reside in lacunae , lacunae connect via cannaliculi
c. resorb bone,derived from monocytes, large multinucleated cells
a.form bone ECM, located at surface of bone
what is the role of osteocyte
a. form bone ECM, located at surface of bone
b. maintain bone tissue , reside in lacunae , lacunae connect via cannaliculi
c. resorb bone,derived from monocytes, large multinucleated cells
b. maintain bone tissue , reside in lacunae , lacunae connect via cannaliculi
what is the role of osteocytes
a. form bone ECM, located at surface of bone
b. maintain bone tissue , reside in lacunae , lacunae connect via cannaliculi
c. resorb bone,derived from monocytes, large multinucleated cells
c.resorb bone,derived from monocytes, large multinucleated cells
presence of what is required in order for osteoid material can be deposited
a. osteoblasts
b. osteoclasts
c. osteocyte
a.osteoblasts
what type of cell is exclusively located at the surface of bone tissue
a. osteoblasts
b. osteoclasts
c. osteocyte
a.osteoblasts
osteoblasts that become trapped in the matrix are known as..
a. osteoclasts
b. osteoid
c. osteocytes
c.osteocytes
what do osteoblasts form from?
a. osteoid
b. osteocytes
c. osteoclasts
d. osteoprogenitor
d.osteoprogenitor
what enzyme is released by osteoclasts to resorb bone
a. alkaline phosphotase
b. collagenase
c. calcium phosphotase
b.collagenase
which type of cell sits on the bone surface in a howships lacuna , with the cell surface forming a ruffled border due to the folds
a. osteoid
b. osteocytes
c. osteoclasts
d. osteoprogenitor
c.osteoclasts
what are the two types of bone
compact, spongy
what type of bone has dense areas without cavities
a. compact
b. spongy
a.compact
what type of bone is made up of areas with numerous interconnecting cavities
a. compact
b. spongy
b.spongy
what are collagen fibres in concentric lamellae arranged around in compact bone
a. lacuna
b. howships lacuna
c. concentric lamellae
d. haversion system
e. canal containing blood vessels and nerves
e.canal containing blood vessels and nerves (osteon system)
-what type of bone contains haversion /osteon canal systems
a. spongy
b. compact
b.compact
which type of bone is organised into trabeculae which surround red marrow spaces , with lamella arranged concentrically within the trabeculae
a. compact
b. spongy
b.spongy
what is the dense irregular connective tissue covering the outer surface of the bone known as]
a. periosteum
b. endosteum
a.periosteum
what is the single layer of osteoprogenitor cells and a v small amount of CT on the bone known as]
a. periosteum
b. endosteum
b.endosteum
what cells are found in the periosteum
a. osteoid
b. osteocytes
c. osteoclasts
d. osteoprogenitor
d.osteoprogenitor
bundles of which fibres penertrate the bone matrix and bind bone to the perosteum
a. collagen
b. reticular
c. elastin
a.collagen
whats the main function of the periosteum and endosteum
a. structure and support
b. provision of nutrients and osteoclasts
c. provision of nutrients and osteoblasts
c.provision of nutrients and osteoblasts
