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FoCS 1 > Anatomy - Tissue Types 2 : Connective tissue > Flashcards

Anatomy - Tissue Types 2 : Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two main types of ordinary CT

a. supportive and fluid
b. cartilage and bone
c. loose and dense

A

c.loose and dense

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2
Q

what is true for loose ct?

a. increased fibres, decreased cells
b. decreased fibres, increased cells
c. semisolid matrix
d. solid matrix

A

b.decreased fibres, increased cells

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3
Q

what is true for dense ct?

a. increased fibres, decreased cells
b. decreased fibres, increased cells
c. semisolid matrix
d. solid matrix

A

a.increased fibres, decreased cells

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4
Q

what are the two main types of specialised CT

a. supportive and fluid
b. cartilage and bone
c. loose and dense

A

a.supportive and fluid

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5
Q

what are the two types of supportive CT?

a. dense, loose
b. cartilage, bone
c. blood, lymph
d. ordinary and specialised

A

b.cartilage, bone

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6
Q

what are the two types of fluid CT?

a. dense, loose
b. cartilage, bone
c. blood, lymph
d. ordinary and specialised

A

c.blood, lymph

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7
Q

what are the 3 types of loose CT?

a. loose, adipose, reticular
b. irregular, regular, elastic
c. hyaline, fibrocartilage,elastic
d. compact, spongy

A

a.loose, adipose, reticular

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8
Q

what are the 3 types of dense CT?

a. loose, adipose, reticular
b. irregular, regular, elastic
c. hyaline, fibrocartilage,elastic
d. compact, spongy

A

b. irregular, regular, elastic

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9
Q

what are the types of cartilage

a. loose, adipose, reticular
b. irregular, regular, elastic
c. hyaline, fibrocartilage,elastic
d. compact, spongy

A

c.hyaline, fibrocartilage,elastic

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10
Q

what are the types of bone

a. loose, adipose, reticular
b. irregular, regular, elastic
c. hyaline, fibrocartilage,elastic
d. compact, spongy

A

d.compact, spongy

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11
Q

what two types of cells are found in the structural elements of CT?

a. rbc and wbc
b. fixed and wandering
c. mitotic and meiotic

A

b.fixed and wandering

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12
Q

which of these is not a component of the ground substance

a. highly hydrated gel
b. glycosaminoglycans
c. proteoglycans
d. glycoproteins
e. lipoproteins

A

e.lipoproteins

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13
Q

what makes up the extra cellular matrix?

a. fibres and ground substance
b. cells and fibres
c. cells and ground substance

A

a.fibres and ground substance

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14
Q

what is the main component of the connective tissue

a. cells
b. fibres
c. ground substance
d. extra cellular matrix

A

d.extra cellular matrix

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15
Q

what are epithelial , muscle and nerve tissue mostly made up of?

a. cells
b. fibres
c. ground substance
d. extra cellular matrix

A

a.cells

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16
Q

what type of cell are fibroblasts, reticular cells and adipocytes?

a. fixed
b. wandering

A

a. fixed

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17
Q

what type of cell are macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells and white blood cells

a. wandering
b. fixed

A

a. wandering

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18
Q

what is the role of mast cells

a. phagocytosis
b. antibody production
c. chemical mediators defence
d. defence

A

c. chemical mediators defence

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19
Q

what is the principal cell of ordinary CT

a. mast
b. macrophage
c. fibroblast
d. reticulocyte

A

c.fibroblast

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20
Q

what cell type has an abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm with extensive RER and developed golgi

a. fibroblast
b. mast
c. macrophage
d. fibroblast

A

a.fibroblast

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21
Q

which fibre is tough with high tensile strength and stretch resistant

collagen
elastic
reticular

A

collagen

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22
Q

which fibre is long, thin and allows for stretch

collagen
elastic
reticular

A

elastic

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23
Q

which fibre is branched and made up of thin collagenous fibres

collagen
elastic
reticular

A

reticular

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24
Q

what type of collagen is found in the dermis,ligaments tendons and bones and provides tensile strength

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII

A

a.I

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25
Q

what type of collagen is found in hyaline and elastic cartilage

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII

A

b.II

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26
Q

what type of collagen is found in wound healing, lymphoid organs

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII

A

c.III

reticular

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27
Q

what type of collagen is found in the basal lamina

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII

A

d.IV

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28
Q

what type of collagen is found in anchoring fibrils that anchor the basal lamina of the epidermis to underlying dermal fibres

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII

A

e.VII

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29
Q

what is procollagen formed from in the cell?

a. 3 individual collagen molecules
b. 3 alpha polypeptide chains combined with propeptides then cleaved by proteolytic enzymes
c. tropocollagen molecules aligned into linear arrays with a stagger

A

a.3 individual collagen molecules

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30
Q

what is tropocollagen formed from after procollagen is secreted from the cell?

a. 3 individual collagen molecules
b. 3 alpha polypeptide chains combined with propeptides then cleaved by proteolytic enzymes
c. tropocollagen molecules aligned into linear arrays with a stagger

A

b. procollagen with propeptides then cleaved by proteolytic enzymes

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31
Q

what are collagen fibrils formed from ?

a. 3 individual collagen molecules
b. 3 alpha polypeptide chains combined with propeptides then cleaved by proteolytic enzymes
c. tropocollagen molecules aligned into linear arrays with a stagger

A

c. tropocollagen molecules aligned into linear arrays with a stagger

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32
Q

whats the correct order of the formation of collagen fibre

a. procollagen, tropocollagen, collagen fibrils
b. tropocollagen , procollagen, collagen fibrils
c. collagen fibrils, procollagen, tropocollagen

A

a.procollagen, tropocollagen, collagen fibrils

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33
Q

what do fibrils join together to form

a. fibres
b. bundles

A

a.fibres

fibres join to form bundles

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34
Q

what fibre is found in the dermis, aorta and lung

a. collagen
b. elastic
c. reticular

A

b. elastic

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35
Q

which fibres require special stains to be seen

a. elastic
b. collagen
c. reticular

A

a.elastic

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36
Q

what type of collagen makes up reticular fibres

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. VII

A

c.III

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37
Q

what colour do collagen fibres stain with silver salts

a.pink
b.red
c.purple
d,black

A

d,black

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38
Q

what do reticular fibres form?

a. bundles
b. individual fibres
c. fibrils

A

b.individual fibres

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39
Q

what is ground substance primarily made up of

a. GAGs
b. proteoglycans
c. adhesive glycoproteinss

A

a.GAGs

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40
Q

GAGs are..

a. hydrophobic
b. hydrophillic

A

b.hydrophillic

attract water to form gels

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41
Q

which of these contains a large amount of GAGs and little collagen

a. eye vitreous
b. bones
c. tendons

A

a.eye vitreous

42
Q

what are unbranched polysaccharide chains composed of repeating dissacharide units known as

a. proteoglycans
b. glycoproteins
c. glycosaminoglycans

A

c. glycosaminoglycans

43
Q

what regulates the cell migration and movement through the ECM and binds and acts as a resevoir for growth factors that signal to cells

a. proteoglycans
b. glycoproteins
c. glycosaminoglycans

A

c. glycosaminoglycans

44
Q

which group of GAGs is v hydratable and v large

a. hylauronic acid
b. keratan sulphate
c. chondroiton sulphate
d. heparan suphate

A

a.hylauronic acid

45
Q

which group of GAGs is found in both cartilage and bone

a. hylauronic acid
b. keratan sulphate
c. chondroiton sulphate
d. heparan suphate

A

b.keratan sulphate

46
Q

which group of GAGs is found in cartilage only

a. hylauronic acid
b. keratan sulphate
c. chondroiton sulphate
d. heparan suphate

A

c. chondroiton sulphate

47
Q

which group of GAGs is found in basement membranes

a. hylauronic acid
b. keratan sulphate
c. chondroiton sulphate
d. heparan suphate

A

d.heparan suphate

48
Q

what does a glycosamino glycan bind to to form a proteoglycan

a,lipid

b. chondroitin
c. protein core
d. linker protein

A

c.protein core

49
Q

how are GAGs attached to the protein core to create a bottle brush formation

a. ionic bonds
b. covalent bonds
c. hydrogen bonds

A

b. covalent bonds

50
Q

what are individual proteoglycans linked to to form a large macromolecular complex

a. hylauronic acid
b. keratan sulphate
c. chondroiton sulphate
d. heparan suphate
e. hylauron

A

e.hylauron

51
Q

which type of CT , has no predominant element and is not very resistant to stress

a. loose
b. dense irregular
c. dense regular

A

a.loose

52
Q

which type of CT is adpated to offer resistance and protection made up of mostly collagen

a. loose
b. dense irregular
c. dense regular

A

b.dense irregular

53
Q

which type of CT offers resistance in one direction or plane and is made up of mostly aligned collagen

a. loose
b. dense irregular
c. dense regular

A

c.dense regular

54
Q

what type of ordinary CT is found below epithelia , surrounding cappillaries and forming the lamina propria of a mucosa

a. loose areolar
b. dense irregular
c. dense regular
d. adipose
e. elastic

A

a.loose areolar

55
Q

where is adipose tissue located?

a. below epithelia , surrounding cappillaries and forming the lamina propria of a mucosa
b. dermis, submucosa of digestive tract and fibrous capsules
c. under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen and breast

A

c.under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen and breast

56
Q

where is dense irregular connective tissue located?

a. below epithelia, surrounding cappillaries and forming the lamina propria of a mucosa
b. dermis, submucosa of digestive tract and fibrous capsules
c. under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen and breast

A

b.dermis, submucosa of digestive tract and fibrous capsules

57
Q

metabolism of which fat produces heat in a newborn ?

a. white
b. brown

A

b.brown

58
Q

what ct runs in ligaments , tendons, and aponeuroses?

a. loose
b. dense irregular
c. dense regular

A

c.dense regular

59
Q

a series of genetic diseases with faulty assembly of collagens (lysyl hydroxylase deficinecy) causes what syndrome?

a. conns
b. marfans
c. cushings
d. ehlers danlos

A

d.ehlers danlos

60
Q

what happens to joints and skin on ehlers danlos syndrome

a. hypoextension
b. hyperextension

A

b.hyperextension

61
Q

in what type of ehlers danlos syndrome is weakness in the blood vessels present

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV

A

d.IV

62
Q

a lack of fibrillin in elastic fibres leads to what syndrome

a. conns
b. marfans
c. cushings
d. ehlers danlos

A

b.marfans

63
Q

people with big hands, sunken chests and prone to aortic rupture would most likely be diagnosed with which CT disorder

a. conns
b. marfans
c. cushings
d. ehlers danlos

A

b.marfans

64
Q

what CT withstands compression forces but can also be bent?

a. cartilage
b. bone
c. reticular
d. elastic

A

a.cartilage

65
Q

what CT is avascular

a. bone
b. dense
c. loose
d. cartilage

A

d.cartilage

66
Q

what do chondroblasts form

a. bone
b. cartilage
c. ligaments

A

b.cartilage

67
Q

what produces the ECM

a. chondroblasts
b. chondrocytes
c. osteeoblasts

A

b.chondrocytes

68
Q

what cells are found within a matrix enclosed in lacunae

a. chondroblasts
b. chondrocytes
c. osteeoblasts
d. osteocytes

A

b.chondrocytes

69
Q

what type of chondrocytes produce clusters/cell nests in the matrix

a. old
b. young

A

b.young

70
Q

what type of cartilage is found on the surface of bones, trachea and bronchus, costal cartilages and nasal cavity?

a. hyaline
b. elastic
c. fibro

A

a. hyaline

71
Q

what type of cartilage is found in the pinna of the ear and epiglottis

a. hyaline
b. elastic
c. fibro

A

b.elastic

72
Q

what type of cartilage is found in tendon insertions, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs and articular menisci

a. hyaline
b. elastic
c. fibro

A

c.fibro

73
Q

what type of cartilage has a glassy/pearly white appearance and pale blue/purple with H and E

a. hyaline
b. elastic
c. fibro

A

a. hyaline

74
Q

in hyaline cartilage what type of fibres are found embedded in a firm hydrated gel of proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins

a. collagen I
b. reticular
c. elastin
d. collagen II

A

d.collagen II

75
Q

high content of water bound to GAG in hyaline cartilage allows for?

a. sliding movement
b. shock absoprtion
c. support

A

a.sliding movement

76
Q

what surrounds the cartilage?

a. perichondrium
b. epicondrium
c. endochondrium

A

a.perichondrium

77
Q

what type of fibres are found in addition to elastic fibres

a. collagen I
b. reticular
c. elastin
d. collagen II

A

d.collagen II

78
Q

fibrocartilage is an intermeduate between what type of CT and hyaline cartilage

a. loose adipose
b. dense regular
c. dense irregular

A

b. dense regular

79
Q

what type of collagen fibres are found separating the long rows of chondrocytes in fibrocartilage

a. collagen I
b. reticular
c. elastin
d. collagen II

A

a.collagen I

80
Q

what type of cartilage has combine tensile strength and shock absoprtion

a. collagen
b. elastic
c. fibro

A

c.fibro

81
Q

what type of collagen fibres make up most the organic matrix

a. collagen I
b. reticular
c. elastin
d. collagen II

A

a.collagen I

82
Q

what surrounds fibres in the bone matrix in the form of ca hydroxyapatite crystals

a. calcium
b. calcium oxide
c. calcium phosphate
d. calcium sulphate

A

c.calcium phosphate

83
Q

what is the role of osteoblast

a. form bone ECM, located at surface of bone
b. maintain bone tissue , reside in lacunae , lacunae connect via cannaliculi
c. resorb bone,derived from monocytes, large multinucleated cells

A

a.form bone ECM, located at surface of bone

84
Q

what is the role of osteocyte

a. form bone ECM, located at surface of bone
b. maintain bone tissue , reside in lacunae , lacunae connect via cannaliculi
c. resorb bone,derived from monocytes, large multinucleated cells

A

b. maintain bone tissue , reside in lacunae , lacunae connect via cannaliculi

85
Q

what is the role of osteocytes

a. form bone ECM, located at surface of bone
b. maintain bone tissue , reside in lacunae , lacunae connect via cannaliculi
c. resorb bone,derived from monocytes, large multinucleated cells

A

c.resorb bone,derived from monocytes, large multinucleated cells

86
Q

presence of what is required in order for osteoid material can be deposited

a. osteoblasts
b. osteoclasts
c. osteocyte

A

a.osteoblasts

87
Q

what type of cell is exclusively located at the surface of bone tissue

a. osteoblasts
b. osteoclasts
c. osteocyte

A

a.osteoblasts

88
Q

osteoblasts that become trapped in the matrix are known as..

a. osteoclasts
b. osteoid
c. osteocytes

A

c.osteocytes

89
Q

what do osteoblasts form from?

a. osteoid
b. osteocytes
c. osteoclasts
d. osteoprogenitor

A

d.osteoprogenitor

90
Q

what enzyme is released by osteoclasts to resorb bone

a. alkaline phosphotase
b. collagenase
c. calcium phosphotase

A

b.collagenase

91
Q

which type of cell sits on the bone surface in a howships lacuna , with the cell surface forming a ruffled border due to the folds

a. osteoid
b. osteocytes
c. osteoclasts
d. osteoprogenitor

A

c.osteoclasts

92
Q

what are the two types of bone

A

compact, spongy

93
Q

what type of bone has dense areas without cavities

a. compact
b. spongy

A

a.compact

94
Q

what type of bone is made up of areas with numerous interconnecting cavities

a. compact
b. spongy

A

b.spongy

95
Q

what are collagen fibres in concentric lamellae arranged around in compact bone

a. lacuna
b. howships lacuna
c. concentric lamellae
d. haversion system
e. canal containing blood vessels and nerves

A

e.canal containing blood vessels and nerves (osteon system)

96
Q

-what type of bone contains haversion /osteon canal systems

a. spongy
b. compact

A

b.compact

97
Q

which type of bone is organised into trabeculae which surround red marrow spaces , with lamella arranged concentrically within the trabeculae

a. compact
b. spongy

A

b.spongy

98
Q

what is the dense irregular connective tissue covering the outer surface of the bone known as]

a. periosteum
b. endosteum

A

a.periosteum

99
Q

what is the single layer of osteoprogenitor cells and a v small amount of CT on the bone known as]

a. periosteum
b. endosteum

A

b.endosteum

100
Q

what cells are found in the periosteum

a. osteoid
b. osteocytes
c. osteoclasts
d. osteoprogenitor

A

d.osteoprogenitor

101
Q

bundles of which fibres penertrate the bone matrix and bind bone to the perosteum

a. collagen
b. reticular
c. elastin

A

a.collagen

102
Q

whats the main function of the periosteum and endosteum

a. structure and support
b. provision of nutrients and osteoclasts
c. provision of nutrients and osteoblasts

A

c.provision of nutrients and osteoblasts

FoCS 1 (36 decks)

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