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**Bank > Pharmacology Bank > Flashcards

Pharmacology Bank Flashcards

1
Q

Antitbiotics safe in breastfeeding

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Trimethoprim
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2
Q

Antibiotics to be avoided in breastfeeding

A
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Tetracycline
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Sulphonamides
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3
Q

Anti-epileptic drugs acceptable in breastfeeding

A
  • Sodium valproate

- Carbamazepine

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4
Q

Psychiatric drugs acceptable in breastfeeding

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

Antipsychotics

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5
Q

Pyschiatric drugs avoided in breastfeeding

A

Lithium

Benzodiazepines

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6
Q

Warfarin and heparin in breastfeeding?

A

Acceptable

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7
Q

Aspirin in breastfeeding?

A

Avoid

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8
Q

Carbimazole in breastfeeding

A

Avoid

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9
Q

Methotrexate/cytotoxics in breastfeeding

A

Aoid

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10
Q

Sulfonylureas in breastfeeding

A

Avoid

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11
Q

Digoxin in breastfeeding

A

Allowed

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12
Q

Beta-blockers in breastfeeding

A

Allowed

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13
Q

Amiodarone in breastfeeding

A

Avoid

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14
Q

Levothyroxine in breastfeeding

A

Allowed

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15
Q

Sodium valproate in pregnancy

A

Avoid - associated with neural tube defects

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16
Q

Carbamazepin in pregnancy

A

Avoid - teratogenic

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17
Q

Phenytoin in pregnancy

A

Avoid - associated with celeft palate

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18
Q

Lamotrigine in pregnancy

A

Allowed

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19
Q

Metformin and breastfeeding

A

Allowed

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20
Q

Methotrexate side effects

A

Myelosuppression
Liver cirrhosis
Pneumonitis

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21
Q

Sulfasalazine side effects

A

Rashes
Oligospermia
Heinz body anaemia
Interstitial lung disease

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22
Q

Leflunomide side effects

A

Liver impairment
Interstitial lung disease
Hypertension

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23
Q

Hydroxychloroquine side effects

A

Retinopathy

Corneal deposits

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24
Q

Prednisolone side effects

A 
Cushingoid
Osteoporosis
Impaired glucose tolerance
Hypertension
Cataracts
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25
Q

Gold side effects

A

Proteinuria

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26
Q

Penicillamine side effects

A

Proteinuria

Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis

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27
Q

Etanercept side effects

A

Demyelination

Reactivation of Tb

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28
Q

Infliximab side effects

A

Reactivation of Tb

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29
Q

Adalimumab side effects

A

Reactivation of Tb

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30
Q

Rituximab side effects

A

Infusion reaction

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31
Q

Common side effect of Amoxicillin

A

Rash with infectious mononucleosis

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32
Q

Common side effect of Co-amoxiclav

A

Cholestasis

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33
Q

Common side effect of Flucloxacillin

A

Cholestasis (usually develops several weeks after use)

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34
Q

Common side effect of Erythromycin

A

Gastrointestinal upset

Prolongs QT interval

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35
Q

Common side effect of Ciprofloxacin

A

Lowers seizure threshold

Tendonitis

36
Q

Common side effect of Metronidazole

A

Reaction following alcohol ingestion

37
Q

Common side effect of Doxycycline

A

Photosensitivity

38
Q

Common side effect of Trimethoprim

A

Rashes, including photosensitivity
Pruritus
Suppression of haematopoiesis

39
Q

Antibiotics harmful in pregnancy

A
  • Tetracyclines
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Sulphonamides and trimethoprim
  • Quinolones
40
Q

Non-antibiotic drugs which are harmful in pregnancy

A
  • ACEi, ARBs
  • Statins
  • Warfarin
  • Sulfonylureas
  • Retinoids (including topical)
  • Cytotoxic agents
41
Q

Statin monitoring

A

LFTs at baseline, 3 months and 12 months

42
Q

ACEi monitoring

A

U&E prior to treatement, after increasing dose, at least annually

43
Q

Amiodarone monitoring

A

TFT, LFT, U&E, CXR prior to treatment

TFT, LFT every 6 months

44
Q

Methotrexate monitoring

A

FBC, U&E, LFT prior to treatment.
Repeat weekly until stabilised.
Thereater every 2-3 months

45
Q

Azathioprine moniroting

A

FBC, LFT before treatment

FBC weekly for first 4 weeks

FBC, LFT every 3 months

46
Q

Lithium monitoring

A

TFT, U&E prior to treatment

Lithium levels weekly until stabilised, then every 3 months

TFT, U&E every 6 months

47
Q

Sodium Valproate monitoring

A

LFT, FBC before treatment

LFT periodically during first 6 months

48
Q

Glitazones monitoring

A

LFT before treatment and regularly during treatment

49
Q

Drugs which may cause urinary retention

A
  • TCAs
  • Anticholinergics
  • Opioids
  • NSAIDs
  • Disopyramide
50
Q

Common side effects of calcium channel blockers

A

Headache
Flushing
Ankle oedema

Verapamil also causes constipation

51
Q

Common side effects of beta-blockers

A

Bronchospasm
Fatigue
Cold peripheries
Sleep disturbance

52
Q

Common side effects of Nitrates

A

Headache
Postural hypotension
Tachycardia

53
Q

Common side effects of Nicorandil

A

Headache
Flushing
Anal ulceration

54
Q

Features of organophosphate poisoning

A

Accumulation of acetylcholine = SLUD

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation/diarrhoea

Hypotension, bradycardia, sall pupils, fasciculation

55
Q

Management of organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine

56
Q

Common side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Cough

Hyperkalaemia

57
Q

Common side effects of Bendroflumethiazide

A

Gout
Hypokalamia
Hyponatraemia
Impaired glucose tolerance

58
Q

Common side effects of Doxazosin

A

Postural hypotension

59
Q

Features of beta-blocker overodse

A

Bradycardia
Hypotension
Heart failure
Syncope

60
Q

Finasteride - mechanism of action

A

Inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase, and enzyme which metabolises testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

61
Q

Finasteride - adverse effects

A
  • impotence
  • decreased libido
  • ejaculation disorders
  • gynaecomastia and breast tenderness
62
Q

Metformin and contrast CT

A

Discontinue metforming for 48 hours following contrast CT

63
Q

Common side effects of rifampicin

A

Orange bodily fluids
Rash
Hepatotoxicity
Drug interactions

64
Q

Common side effects of Isoniazid

A

Peripheral neuropathy
Psychosis
Hepatotoxicity

65
Q

Common side effects of pyrazinamide

A

Arthralgia
Gout
Hepatotoxicity
Nausea

66
Q

Common side effects of Ethambutol

A

Optic neuritis

Rash

67
Q

Common side effects of metformin

A

GI upset

Lactic acidosis

68
Q

Common side effects of sulfonylureas

A

Hypoglycaemia
Increased appetite and weight gain
SIADH
Cholestasis

69
Q

Common side effects of glitazones

A

Weight gian
Fluid retention
Liver dysfunction
Fractures

70
Q

Common side effects of gliptins

A

Pancreatitis

71
Q

Side effect bleomycin

A

lung fibrosis

72
Q

Side effect doxorubicin

A

cardiomyopathy

73
Q

Side effect 5-FU

A

myelosuppression, mucositis, dermatitis

74
Q

side effect vincristine

A

peripheral neuropathy

paralytic ileus

75
Q

side effects cisplatin

A

ototoxicity
peripheral neuropathy
hypomagnenaemia

76
Q

Managemeny of beta-blocker overdose

A

If bradycardic then atropine

Glucagon in resistant cases

77
Q

Salicylate overdose management

A

haemodialysis

78
Q

Benzodiazepine overdose management

A

Mainly conservative as flumazenil increases risk of seizures

79
Q

TCA overdose management

A

IV bicarbonate may reduce risk of seizure and arrhythmia

80
Q

Lithium overdose management

A

Saline

Haemodialysis

81
Q

Digoxin overdose management

A

Digoxin-specific antibody fragments

82
Q

Lead overdose management

A

Dimercaprol, calcium edetate

83
Q

Cyanide overdose management

A

Hydroxocobalamin

84
Q

Additional ACS treatment in MI secondary to cocaine use

A

IV benzodiazepine

85
Q

Finasteride - indications

A

BPH

Male-pattern baldness

86
Q

Palliative care: hiccups

A

chlorpromazine

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