Pharmacology Bank Flashcards by Jessica Radford

Antitbiotics safe in breastfeeding

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Trimethoprim

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Antibiotics to be avoided in breastfeeding

Ciprofloxacin
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
Sulphonamides

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Anti-epileptic drugs acceptable in breastfeeding

Sodium valproate

- Carbamazepine

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Psychiatric drugs acceptable in breastfeeding

Tricyclic antidepressants

Antipsychotics

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Pyschiatric drugs avoided in breastfeeding

Lithium

Benzodiazepines

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Warfarin and heparin in breastfeeding?

Acceptable

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Aspirin in breastfeeding?

Avoid

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Carbimazole in breastfeeding

Avoid

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Methotrexate/cytotoxics in breastfeeding

Aoid

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Sulfonylureas in breastfeeding

Avoid

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Digoxin in breastfeeding

Allowed

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Beta-blockers in breastfeeding

Allowed

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Amiodarone in breastfeeding

Avoid

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Levothyroxine in breastfeeding

Allowed

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Sodium valproate in pregnancy

Avoid - associated with neural tube defects

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Carbamazepin in pregnancy

Avoid - teratogenic

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Phenytoin in pregnancy

Avoid - associated with celeft palate

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Lamotrigine in pregnancy

Allowed

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Metformin and breastfeeding

Allowed

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Methotrexate side effects

Myelosuppression
Liver cirrhosis
Pneumonitis

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Sulfasalazine side effects

Rashes
Oligospermia
Heinz body anaemia
Interstitial lung disease

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Leflunomide side effects

Liver impairment
Interstitial lung disease
Hypertension

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Hydroxychloroquine side effects

Retinopathy

Corneal deposits

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Prednisolone side effects

Cushingoid
Osteoporosis
Impaired glucose tolerance
Hypertension
Cataracts

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Gold side effects

Proteinuria

Penicillamine side effects

Proteinuria | Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis

Etanercept side effects

Demyelination | Reactivation of Tb

Infliximab side effects

Reactivation of Tb

Adalimumab side effects

Reactivation of Tb

Rituximab side effects

Infusion reaction

Common side effect of Amoxicillin

Rash with infectious mononucleosis

Common side effect of Co-amoxiclav

Cholestasis

Common side effect of Flucloxacillin

Cholestasis (usually develops several weeks after use)

Common side effect of Erythromycin

Gastrointestinal upset | Prolongs QT interval

Common side effect of Ciprofloxacin

Lowers seizure threshold | Tendonitis

Common side effect of Metronidazole

Reaction following alcohol ingestion

Common side effect of Doxycycline

Photosensitivity

Common side effect of Trimethoprim

Rashes, including photosensitivity Pruritus Suppression of haematopoiesis

Antibiotics harmful in pregnancy

- Tetracyclines - Aminoglycosides - Sulphonamides and trimethoprim - Quinolones

Non-antibiotic drugs which are harmful in pregnancy

- ACEi, ARBs - Statins - Warfarin - Sulfonylureas - Retinoids (including topical) - Cytotoxic agents

Statin monitoring

LFTs at baseline, 3 months and 12 months

ACEi monitoring

U&E prior to treatement, after increasing dose, at least annually

Amiodarone monitoring

TFT, LFT, U&E, CXR prior to treatment TFT, LFT every 6 months

Methotrexate monitoring

FBC, U&E, LFT prior to treatment. Repeat weekly until stabilised. Thereater every 2-3 months

Azathioprine moniroting

FBC, LFT before treatment FBC weekly for first 4 weeks FBC, LFT every 3 months

Lithium monitoring

TFT, U&E prior to treatment Lithium levels weekly until stabilised, then every 3 months TFT, U&E every 6 months

Sodium Valproate monitoring

LFT, FBC before treatment LFT periodically during first 6 months

Glitazones monitoring

LFT before treatment and regularly during treatment

Drugs which may cause urinary retention

- TCAs - Anticholinergics - Opioids - NSAIDs - Disopyramide

Common side effects of calcium channel blockers

Headache Flushing Ankle oedema Verapamil also causes constipation

Common side effects of beta-blockers

Bronchospasm Fatigue Cold peripheries Sleep disturbance

Common side effects of Nitrates

Headache Postural hypotension Tachycardia

Common side effects of Nicorandil

Headache Flushing Anal ulceration

Features of organophosphate poisoning

Accumulation of acetylcholine = SLUD Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation/diarrhoea Hypotension, bradycardia, sall pupils, fasciculation

Management of organophosphate poisoning

Atropine

Common side effects of ACE inhibitors

Cough | Hyperkalaemia

Common side effects of Bendroflumethiazide

Gout Hypokalamia Hyponatraemia Impaired glucose tolerance

Common side effects of Doxazosin

Postural hypotension

Features of beta-blocker overodse

Bradycardia Hypotension Heart failure Syncope

Finasteride - mechanism of action

Inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase, and enzyme which metabolises testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

Finasteride - adverse effects

- impotence - decreased libido - ejaculation disorders - gynaecomastia and breast tenderness

Metformin and contrast CT

Discontinue metforming for 48 hours following contrast CT

Common side effects of rifampicin

Orange bodily fluids Rash Hepatotoxicity Drug interactions

Common side effects of Isoniazid

Peripheral neuropathy Psychosis Hepatotoxicity

Common side effects of pyrazinamide

Arthralgia Gout Hepatotoxicity Nausea

Common side effects of Ethambutol

Optic neuritis | Rash

Common side effects of metformin

GI upset | Lactic acidosis

Common side effects of sulfonylureas

Hypoglycaemia Increased appetite and weight gain SIADH Cholestasis

Common side effects of glitazones

Weight gian Fluid retention Liver dysfunction Fractures

Common side effects of gliptins

Pancreatitis

Side effect bleomycin

lung fibrosis

Side effect doxorubicin

cardiomyopathy

Side effect 5-FU

myelosuppression, mucositis, dermatitis

side effect vincristine

peripheral neuropathy | paralytic ileus

side effects cisplatin

ototoxicity peripheral neuropathy hypomagnenaemia

Managemeny of beta-blocker overdose

If bradycardic then atropine Glucagon in resistant cases

Salicylate overdose management

haemodialysis

Benzodiazepine overdose management

Mainly conservative as flumazenil increases risk of seizures

TCA overdose management

IV bicarbonate may reduce risk of seizure and arrhythmia

Lithium overdose management

Saline | Haemodialysis

Digoxin overdose management

Digoxin-specific antibody fragments

Lead overdose management

Dimercaprol, calcium edetate

Cyanide overdose management

Hydroxocobalamin

Additional ACS treatment in MI secondary to cocaine use

IV benzodiazepine

Finasteride - indications

BPH | Male-pattern baldness

Palliative care: hiccups

chlorpromazine