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Principles > Pharmacology: Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology: Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what does the ANS mediate

A

all output from the CNS (barr skeletal muscle)

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2
Q

what involuntary functions does the ANS mediate

A
  • heartbeat
  • immune system mediation
  • metabolism
  • all exocrine and some endocrine functions
  • smooth muscle
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3
Q

what is the sympathetic response

A
  • stress and energy consumption

- fight or flight

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4
Q

what is the parasympathetic response

A
  • restorative and energy conserving

- rest and digest

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5
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the ANS

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric

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6
Q

what is always the transmitter for pre-ganglionic fibres

A

ACh

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7
Q

describe the conduction of an AP in a sympathetic neurone

A
  • thoracolumbar outflow from CNS
  • AP arrives in pre-synaptic terminal and triggers Ca2+ entry via VGICs
  • ACh released by exocytosis and travels along the neurone
  • ACh binds and opens LGICs in the post-ganglionic neurone
  • depolarisation and AP initiation to pre-synaptic terminal where NA is released
  • NA activated ADR GPCRs in effectors cells and induces a cellular response
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8
Q

describe the conduction of an AP in a parasympathetic neurone

A
  • craniosacral outflow from CNS
  • AP arrives in pre-synaptic terminal and triggers Ca2+ entry via VGICs
  • this triggers ACh release by exocytosis and this travels along the neurone
  • ACh then binds to LGICs in the post-ganglionic neurone again triggering Ca2+ entry
  • depolarisation and ACh is released travelling to and binding to the M GPCRs in effector cells triggering a cellular response
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9
Q

neurones with ACh as an effector are called

A

cholinergic

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10
Q

neurones withe NA as an effector are called

A

adrenergic

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11
Q

what other class of transmitter is there and when is this released

A

non-agrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC), usually released as a co-transmitter with ACh or NA

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12
Q

what are the sympathetic co-transmitters

A

ATP or neuropeptide Y (NPY)

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13
Q

what are the parasympathetic co-transmitters

A

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or nitric oxide (NO)

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14
Q 
which transmitters induce a 
- rapid 
- intermediate 
- slow 
response
A
  • ATP and ACh
  • NA and NO
  • NPY and VIP
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15
Q

ACh is an endogenous agonist to what 2 of cholinergic receptors

A
  • muscarinic

- nicotinic

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16
Q

where are nicotinic receptors found and what type of receptors are they

A
  • ganglia and neuroskeletal muscular junctions

- LGICs

17
Q

where are muscarinic receptors found and what type of receptors are they

A
  • effector cells

- GPCRs

18
Q

NA and A are endogenous agonists to what 2 of adrenergic receptors

A
  • alpha-ADR

- beta-ADR

19
Q

where are adrenergic receptors found and what type of receptors are they

A
  • in differing tissue types

- GPCRs

20
Q

for alpha and beta ADR what is the order of their effectors in order of most potent to least

A
  • alpha - NA > A > isoprenaline

- beta - isoprenaline > A > NA

21
Q

describe cholinergic transmission

A
  • choline uptake via transporter
  • ACh synthesis from choline and acetyl CoA, and stored in vesicle alongside ATP and cations
  • AP depolarisation
  • Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ induced release of ACh via exocytosis
  • muscarinic/nicotinc receptor activation and cellular response
  • degradation, reuptake and reuse
22
Q

describe the formation of a nicotinic receptor

A

5 subunits form a central cation channel

23
Q

what are nicotinic receptor subtypes

A
  • ganglionic, skeletal muscles in the PNS

- alpha subtypes in CNS

24
Q

describe cholinergic transmission at ganglia

A
  • ACh binds opening Na+ channels
  • depoarisation causes further Na+ influx
  • AP generated
25
Q

describe parasympathetic cholinergic transmission

A
  • choline uptake via transporter
  • ACh synthesis from choline and acetyl CoA, and stored in vesicle alongside ATP and cations
  • AP depolarisation
  • Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ induced release of ACh via exocytosis
  • muscarinic receptor activation and cellular response
  • degradation and reuptake
26
Q

what do M1 receptors do

A

stimulate PLC

- increase gastric acid secretion

27
Q

what do M2 receptors do

A

inhibit adenyl cyclase and open K+ channles

- decrease HR

28
Q

what do M3 receptors do

A

stimulate PLC

- increase salivary secretion, visceral SM contraction in lungs and indirect relaxation of vascular SM (NO)

29
Q

describe NA transmission

A
  • NA synthesised and stored
  • AP depolarisation
  • Ca2+ influx via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels stimulates NA release
  • ADR stimulation and cellular response
  • NA reuptake via transporters and NA metabolism
30
Q

what do beta1 receptors do and what is there G protein

A

stimulate adenyl cyclase, Gs

- increase HR and force of contraction

31
Q

what do beta2 receptors do and what is there G protein

A

stimulate adenyl cyclase, Gs

- bronchial and vascular relaxation

32
Q

what do alpha1 receptors do and what is there G protein

A

PLC stimulation, Gq

- vascular SM contraction

33
Q

what do alphaw receptors do and what is there G protein

A

inhibit adenyl cyclase, Gi

- inhibition of NA release

34
Q

describe the -ve feedback loop of pre-synaptic receptors and transmitter release

A
  • stimulation by agonist would decrease transmitter release

- inhibition by antagonist would increase transmitter release

Principles (65 decks)

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