Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles > Histology: Diversity of Cells and Their Functions > Flashcards

Histology: Diversity of Cells and Their Functions Flashcards

1
Q

how is a tissue fixed and preserved

A

a chemical that cross-links proteins i.e. formalin is used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the process of creating a tissue slide

A
  • tissue is thinly sliced
  • tissue dehydrated and put in organic solvent and hot wax
  • microtome cuts thin slices
  • tissue put on slides, wax is washed out, tissue rehydrated and stains are put in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are artefacts

A

distortions/changes from original tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the most common stains

A

Haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Haematoxylin is _ and stains _ molecule turning them _

A

basic, acidic, blueish-purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Eosin is _ and stains _ molecules turning them _

A

acidic, basic, pinkish-red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what usually stains with eosin

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 4 basic tissue types

A
  • epithelium
  • muscle
  • connective
  • nervous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do epithelial cells do

A

cover body surfaces/line hollow organs and form many glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the roles of connective tissue

A
  • development, growth and homeostasis of tissues

- energy storage (i.e. fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the role of muscle cells

A

generate force by contracting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does nervous tissue consist of

A

neurons and supporting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the role of nervous tissue

A

control function and allow rapid communication wihtin the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a basal lamina

A

layer of extracellular matrix components that epithelial cells are attached to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are epithelial cells vascular or non-vascular

A

non-vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where do epithelial cells get their nutrients

A

from capillaries in underlying tissues - nutrients diffuse across basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the functions of epithelial cells (8)

A
  • chemical barrier
  • locomotion
  • absorption
  • secretion.
  • mechanical barroer
  • containment
    minor - sensation and contractility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the 3 epithelial cell shapes

A
  • columnar
  • squamous
  • cuboidal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many layers of epithelial cells in a:

  • simple
  • stratified
  • pseudostratified epithelium
A
  • simple - 1
  • stratified - 2+
  • pseudostratified - looks like multiple but all cells are in contact with basal lamina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 3 specialisations of epithelium

A
  • keratinised
  • villi
  • microvilli (brush border)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what specialised cell may appear in epithelium and what is its function

A
  • goblet cell - single cell, mucous gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does glandular epithelium do

A

produce secretions i.e. milk, mucous, hormones, enzymes, oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe an endocrine gland

A
  • product secreted towards basal end of the cell
  • ductless
  • product distributed in vascular system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe an expcrine gland

A
  • product secreted towards apical end of cell
  • into lumen of an internal space, a duct or a body surface
  • ducted
25
Q

what are the 2/3 types of connective tissue and examples of each

A
  • soft - dermis of skin, tendons, ligaments, mesentry
  • hard - bone and cartilage
  • lymph and blood - specialised form
26
Q

what does connective tissue consist of (2)

A
  • cells

- extracellular matrix

27
Q

what is the extracellular matrix of connective tissues made of

A
  • fibres
  • ground substance
  • tissue fluid
28
Q

describe ground substance

A

jelly like substance with no particular shape containing glycosaminoglycosides (GAGs) - most are bound to protein cores making glycoproteins

29
Q

what types of cells may be a part of connective tissue

A
  • osteocytes
  • adipose
  • fibroblasts
  • chondrocytes
30
Q

where would you find

  • adipose cells
  • chondrocytes
  • osteocytes
A
  • adipose cells - in many tissues particularly adipose
  • chondrocytes - cartilage
  • osteocytes - bone
31
Q

what is the type of connective tissue determined by

A

type and amount of the two components (cells and extracellular matrix)

32
Q

what are the two types of soft connective tissue

A

loose and dense

33
Q

describe loose connective tissue

A

loosely packed fibres seperated by lots of ground substance with many cells

34
Q

decsribe dense connective tissue

A

densely packed collagen bundles, can be regular (fibres run the same way) or irregular (fibres run opposite ways)

35
Q

what are the 2 types of hard connective tissue

A
  • cartilage

- bone

36
Q

desrcibe cartilage

A
  • strong, flexible, compressible, semi-rigid as highly hydrated with ground substance
  • non-vascular, gets nutrients from adjacent tisses, diffuse through matrix
37
Q

what are the 3 types of cartilage

A
  • hyaline
  • elastic
  • fibrocartilage
38
Q

where is hyaline cartilage found

A
  • articular surfaces
  • tracheal rings
  • costal cartilages
  • epiphyseal growth plates
39
Q

what are the 2 types of bone

A
  • outer shell

- ends

40
Q

describe the outer shell of bones

A

dense cortical bone, makes diaphysis

41
Q

describe the epiphysis of bones

A

cancellous with trabecular - fine meshwork or red bone marrow with supporting rods

42
Q

what are haversan canals

A

penetrate bone for blood vessels and nerves

43
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue

A
  • smooth
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
44
Q

describe smooth muscle

A

involuntary/non-striated, mainly found in organs, elingated and spindle shaped fibres with a cigar shaped nucleus

45
Q

describe skeletal muscle

A

voluntary/striated, giant, multinucleated - elongated and at periphery, cylindrical,

46
Q

what is the cell memebrane of a muscle cell called

A

sarcolemma

47
Q

describe cardiac muscle

A

less prominent striations, form majority of heart chamber walls, branch to form networks, single nucleus at centre, shorter than skeletal, contain intercalated discs

48
Q

what are intercalated discs and why does cardiac muscle contain many

A
  • sites of attachment between adjacent cells

- many for mechanical integrity

49
Q

what is nervous tissue surrounded by and what is this called in the

  • CNS
  • PNS
A

connective tissue coat

  • CNS - meninges
  • PNS - epineurium
50
Q

what are the 3 types of neurons

A
  • multipolar
  • bipolar
  • pseudounipolar
51
Q

describe a multipolar neurone

A

one axon, many dendrites

52
Q

describe a bipolar neruone

A

one axon, one dendrite

53
Q

describe a pseudounipolar neurone

A

short process with and axon in both directions

54
Q

what glial cells are in the CNS

A
  • astrocytes
  • oligodendocytes
  • microglia
55
Q

what glial cells are in the PNS

A
  • schwann cells
56
Q

what are astrocytes function

A

support, allow ion movement, induce BBB

57
Q

function of oligodendrocytes

A

produce myelin in the brain and spinal cord

58
Q

function of microglia

A

immune surveillance

59
Q

function of schwann cells

A

produce myelin and support axons

Principles (65 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions