Biochemistry: Catabolism of Glucose Flashcards
which is a reduction/oxidation reaction
- anabolism
- catabolism
- anabolism, reductive
- catabolism, oxidative
what type of molecules are (mono/di/polysaccharides)
- glucose
- glycogen
- monosaccharides
- polysaccharides
what are the 4 fates of glucose
- storage
- pyruvate
- lactate
- ribose - 5 - phosphate
what is glucose stored as
- starch
- glycogen
- converted to lipids
how is glucose made in ribose - 5 - phosphate and what is it used for
- oxidation via pentose phosphate pathways
- precursor for nucleotide synthesis, cell growth
how is glucose made into lactate and what is it used for
- fermentation via anaerobic glycolysis
- inefficient but rapid ATP synthesis
how is glucose made into pyruvate and what is it used for
- oxidation via aerobic glycolysis
- efficient ATP synthesis via TCA cycle
types of glucose transporters
- Na+/glucose symport
- GLUT 1-5
where are each of the GLUT transporters
- 1, brain
- 2, liver and B cells
- 3, brain
- 4, muscle and adipose tissue
- 5, gut
how do the GLUT transporters work
- glucose binds and a conformational changes faces the binding site inward
- gluce is released in side the cell and another conformational change faces the binding site outwards
draw the diagram for glycolysis
**
what are the 3 control points of glycolysis
- hexokinase - substrate entry
- phosphofructokinase - rate of flow
- pyruvate kinase - product exit
what is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis
phosphofructokinase
what does each enzymes do
- hexokinase
- phosphofructokinase
- pyruvate kinase
- phosporylates glucose
- phosphorylates fructose - 6 - phosphate
- phosphorylates ADP to make pyruvate and ATP
how does phosphofructokinase slow glycolysis
- ATP, citrate and H+ inhibit glycolysis
- ATP as there is excess energy so slows
- citrate is a TCA cycle intermediate and slows pyruvate entry as excess energy
- H+ too much lactate and so slows
