Anatomy: Circulatory System

Question 1

functions of the circulatory system

Answer 1

• distribute gases + other molecules for nutrition, growth and repair
• chemical signalling (hormones)
• thermoregulation
• mediate inflammation and host defence responses

Question 2

3 components of the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

• arterial
• heart
• venous

Question 3

2 main circulations

Answer 3

• pulmonary

- systemic

Question 4

route of pulmonary circulation

Answer 4

R side of heart -> lungs -> L side of heart

Question 5

route of systemic circulation

Answer 5

L side of heart -> capillary beds of tissues and organs -> R side of heart

Question 6

systole is

Answer 6

contraction

Question 7

diastole is

Answer 7

relaxation

Question 8

R side if heart contains _ blood

Answer 8

deoxygenated

Question 9

L side of heart contains _ blood

Answer 9

oxygenated

Question 10

3 layers of the heart

Answer 10

• epicardium (external)
• myocardium (middle)
• endocardium (internal)

Question 11

the epicardium is

Answer 11

visceral serous pericardium

Question 12

the myocardium is

Answer 12

cardiac muscle

Question 13

the endocardium is

Answer 13

continuous w/ blood vessels endothelium connecting with the heart

Question 14

what is the hearts normal conduction route

Answer 14

• spontaneous electrical impulse at SA node
• A contract
• travels to SA node at atrioventricular septum
• travels down L and R bundles in intraventricular septum
• spreads to myocardium through conducting fibres
• V contract

Question 15

3 layers of blood vessels

Answer 15

• tunica intima (internal)
• tunica media (middle)
• tunica adventitia (external)

Question 16

the tunica intima is

Answer 16

endothelium

Question 17

the tunica media is

Answer 17

smooth muscle and elastic fibres

Question 18

the tunica adventitia is

Answer 18

connective tissue

Question 19

arteries have a _ lumen and are _ than veins

Answer 19

round

deeper

Question 20

what is a neurovascular bundle

Answer 20

artery, nerve and vein

Question 21

arteries supply a _

Answer 21

territory

Question 22

what happens during vasodilation

Answer 22

artery smooth muscles relax and the lumen widens increasing blood flow

Question 23

what happens during vasoconstriction

Answer 23

artery smooth muscle contracts and the lumen narrows decreasing blood flow `

Question 24

anastamosis

Answer 24

arteries connect without intervening capillary network

Question 25

what is the purpose of anastamoses and what is this called

Answer 25

- provide alternative routes for blood flow in case of occlusion - collateral

Question 26

what is the Circle of Willis

Answer 26

arterial anastamosis in the Brain

Question 27

what is the purpose of the Circle of Willis

Answer 27

help prevent stroke

Question 28

end artery

Answer 28

only arterial blood supply to a given area of the body (no collaterals)

Question 29

what can an untreated occlusion cause

Answer 29

territory infarction

Question 30

infarction

Answer 30

irreversible cell death due to hypoxia caused by loss of arterial blood supply

Question 31

what vessel does all systemic blood enter first

Answer 31

aorta

Question 32

what feature of the aorta maintains peripheral flow during diastole

Answer 32

elastic recoil from elastic walls

Question 33

veins _ blood away from a _

Answer 33

- drain | - territory

Question 34

venous blood is 'pumped' back to the heart via

Answer 34

- venous valves - skeletal muscle pump - accompanying vessels

Question 35

venous valves ensure _ flow to heart

Answer 35

unidirectional

Question 36

how does the skeletal muscle pump help venous flow

Answer 36

contraction of skeletal muscles in lower limbs push the. blood through the veins and up the limb

Question 37

how do accompanying vessels help venous flow

Answer 37

as veins run in sheaths with an artery the pulsation of the artery pushes venous blood along

Question 38

2 main venous systems

Answer 38

- hepatic portal venous system | - systemic venous system

Question 39

describe the hepatic venous system

Answer 39

drains venous blood from absorptive parts of the GI tract and assoc. organs to liver for 'cleaning'

Question 40

describe the systemic venous system

Answer 40

drains venous blood from all other organs to SVC/IVC

Question 41

capillaries are lined with

Answer 41

a single endothelial layer

Question 42

capillaries allow _ exchange

Answer 42

gas, metabolite and waste product

Question 43

lymphatic tissues collect

Answer 43

tissue fluid - fluid that leaks out of capillary beds

Question 44

fluid in lymphatics is called _ and is carried through _

Answer 44

- lymph | - lymph nodes

Question 45

describe lymph nodes

Answer 45

contain WBCS to filter out foreign particles and fight infection/cancer

Question 46

lymph is returned to _ in the _ at the _

Answer 46

- central veins - root of the neck - venous angles

Question 47

when can lymph nodes be palpated

Answer 47

when fighting infection or being taken over by spreading cancer