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Principles > Anatomy: Circulatory System > Flashcards

Anatomy: Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the circulatory system

A
  • distribute gases + other molecules for nutrition, growth and repair
  • chemical signalling (hormones)
  • thermoregulation
  • mediate inflammation and host defence responses
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2
Q

3 components of the cardiovascular system

A
  • arterial
  • heart
  • venous
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3
Q

2 main circulations

A
  • pulmonary

- systemic

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4
Q

route of pulmonary circulation

A

R side of heart -> lungs -> L side of heart

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5
Q

route of systemic circulation

A

L side of heart -> capillary beds of tissues and organs -> R side of heart

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6
Q

systole is

A

contraction

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7
Q

diastole is

A

relaxation

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8
Q

R side if heart contains _ blood

A

deoxygenated

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9
Q

L side of heart contains _ blood

A

oxygenated

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10
Q

3 layers of the heart

A
  • epicardium (external)
  • myocardium (middle)
  • endocardium (internal)
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11
Q

the epicardium is

A

visceral serous pericardium

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12
Q

the myocardium is

A

cardiac muscle

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13
Q

the endocardium is

A

continuous w/ blood vessels endothelium connecting with the heart

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14
Q

what is the hearts normal conduction route

A
  • spontaneous electrical impulse at SA node
  • A contract
  • travels to SA node at atrioventricular septum
  • travels down L and R bundles in intraventricular septum
  • spreads to myocardium through conducting fibres
  • V contract
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15
Q

3 layers of blood vessels

A
  • tunica intima (internal)
  • tunica media (middle)
  • tunica adventitia (external)
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16
Q

the tunica intima is

A

endothelium

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17
Q

the tunica media is

A

smooth muscle and elastic fibres

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18
Q

the tunica adventitia is

A

connective tissue

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19
Q

arteries have a _ lumen and are _ than veins

A

round

deeper

20
Q

what is a neurovascular bundle

A

artery, nerve and vein

21
Q

arteries supply a _

A

territory

22
Q

what happens during vasodilation

A

artery smooth muscles relax and the lumen widens increasing blood flow

23
Q

what happens during vasoconstriction

A

artery smooth muscle contracts and the lumen narrows decreasing blood flow `

24
Q

anastamosis

A

arteries connect without intervening capillary network

25
Q

what is the purpose of anastamoses and what is this called

A
  • provide alternative routes for blood flow in case of occlusion
  • collateral
26
Q

what is the Circle of Willis

A

arterial anastamosis in the Brain

27
Q

what is the purpose of the Circle of Willis

A

help prevent stroke

28
Q

end artery

A

only arterial blood supply to a given area of the body (no collaterals)

29
Q

what can an untreated occlusion cause

A

territory infarction

30
Q

infarction

A

irreversible cell death due to hypoxia caused by loss of arterial blood supply

31
Q

what vessel does all systemic blood enter first

A

aorta

32
Q

what feature of the aorta maintains peripheral flow during diastole

A

elastic recoil from elastic walls

33
Q

veins _ blood away from a _

A
  • drain

- territory

34
Q

venous blood is ‘pumped’ back to the heart via

A
  • venous valves
  • skeletal muscle pump
  • accompanying vessels
35
Q

venous valves ensure _ flow to heart

A

unidirectional

36
Q

how does the skeletal muscle pump help venous flow

A

contraction of skeletal muscles in lower limbs push the. blood through the veins and up the limb

37
Q

how do accompanying vessels help venous flow

A

as veins run in sheaths with an artery the pulsation of the artery pushes venous blood along

38
Q

2 main venous systems

A
  • hepatic portal venous system

- systemic venous system

39
Q

describe the hepatic venous system

A

drains venous blood from absorptive parts of the GI tract and assoc. organs to liver for ‘cleaning’

40
Q

describe the systemic venous system

A

drains venous blood from all other organs to SVC/IVC

41
Q

capillaries are lined with

A

a single endothelial layer

42
Q

capillaries allow _ exchange

A

gas, metabolite and waste product

43
Q

lymphatic tissues collect

A

tissue fluid - fluid that leaks out of capillary beds

44
Q

fluid in lymphatics is called _ and is carried through _

A
  • lymph

- lymph nodes

45
Q

describe lymph nodes

A

contain WBCS to filter out foreign particles and fight infection/cancer

46
Q

lymph is returned to _ in the _ at the _

A
  • central veins
  • root of the neck
  • venous angles
47
Q

when can lymph nodes be palpated

A

when fighting infection or being taken over by spreading cancer

Principles (65 decks)

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