Genetics: Guide to the Human Genome Flashcards
1
Q
how is DNA packaged when it’s not being transcribed
A
wound into chromosomes and associated with proteins including histones
2
Q
3 types of DNA damage
A
- chemical crosslinking
- strand breakage
- mismatched base
3
Q
what do defects in DNA repair mechanisms cause
A
disease
4
Q
when does DNA replication occur
A
S phase
5
Q
what happens during meiosis
A
one diploid cell becomes 4 haploid daughter cell
6
Q
how does variation occur in meiosis
A
- independent assortment
- crossing over of genes at chiasma
7
Q
describe the process of DNA replication generally
A
DNA transcribed -> pre-mRNA -> spliced -> mRNA translated -> protein
8
Q
what are SNPs
A
- single nucleotide polymorphisms
- changes in DNA sequence
9
Q
polymorphisms
A
genetic variations that dont cause disease but may predispose to one
10
Q
mutations
A
a heritable change in a gene that causes disease
