Histology: Organisation of Tissues and Cells

Question 1

3 major salivary glands

Answer 1

• parotid
• sub-lingual
• sub-mandibular

Question 2

what type of glands are in the oral mucosa

Answer 2

serous and mucous secreting glands

Question 3

what are striated ducts

Answer 3

excrete salt fluid with saliva to ensure its hypotonic to blood

Question 4

what are basal striations

Answer 4

infoldings in the basal end of the cell, accompanied by mitochondria to power pumps

Question 5

what are the 4 major layers of the digestive tract (in to out)

Answer 5

• mucosa
• submucosa
• muscularis externae
• serosa

Question 6

what are the layers of the mucosa in the digestive tract

Answer 6

• epitheium
• basal lamina, loose connective tissue
• muscularis mucosa - thin smooth muscle layer

Question 7

what is a submucosa

Answer 7

loose connective tissue

Question 8

what are the two layers of the muscularis externa

Answer 8

• inner circular
• outer longitudinal
  thick smooth muscle

Question 9

what is the serosa of the digestive tract

Answer 9

outer connective tissue that either suspends the digetsive tract or attaches it to other organs

Question 10

what is protective mucosa and where in the digestive tract is it found

Answer 10

• non-keratinised, squamous epithelium

- oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, anal canal

Question 11

what is absorptive mucosa and where in the digestive tract is it found

Answer 11

• simple columnar with villi and tubular glands

- small intestine

Question 12

what is secretory mucosa and where in the digestive tract is it found

Answer 12

• simple columnar with extensive tubular glands

- stomach

Question 13

what is protective and absorptive mucosa and where in the digestive tract is it found

Answer 13

• simple columnar with tubular glands

- large intestine

Question 14

what is the digestive tracts own nervous system called

Answer 14

enteric nervous system

Question 15

how does the enteric nervous system work

Answer 15

recieves autonomic input but can co-ordinate gut motility locally

Question 16

where do neurones of the enteric nervous system reside

Answer 16

between the two layers of the muscularis externa

Question 17

what are the layers of the trachea (in to out)

Answer 17

• respiratory epithelium
• lamina propria
• hyaline cartilage of tracheal rings

Question 18

describe bronchi

Answer 18

large diameter, lined by cartilage

Question 19

describe bronchioles

Answer 19

small diamter, lined by smooth muscle

Question 20

what happens to columnar cells as you go down the respiratory tree

Answer 20

they get smaller

Question 21

what are alevoli lined by

Answer 21

simple squamous epithelium

Question 22

what is the liver made up of and what shape are they

Answer 22

hexagonal lobules

Question 23

what is at the corner of each liver lobule

Answer 23

• a branch of hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein supplying the lobule with blood
• branch of the bile duct
• portal triad

Question 24

what is in the centre of a lobule and what does it do

Answer 24

central vein - drains portal triad blood to hepatic vein

Question 25

how does blood from the portal triad get to the central vein

Answer 25

via sinusoids (spaces for blood to flow)

Question 26

what are liver cells called

Answer 26

hepatocytes

Question 27

what does the exocrine pancreas secrete

Answer 27

digestive juices

Question 28

what do the digestive juices of the pancreas contain

Answer 28

• proteases to breakdown protein
• nucleases to breakdown nucleic acids
• lipases to breakdown lipids

Question 29

where do digestive juices from the exocrine pancreas enter and via what

Answer 29

duodenum via the pancreatic duct

Question 30

what does the endocrine pancreas

Answer 30

small, scattered island of langerhans (islands of tissue)

Question 31

what does the endocrine pancreas secrete

Answer 31

hormone (insulin included)