Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Finals passmed > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cocaine?

A

Blocks uptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the first line management of cocaine induced MI?

A

Benzodiazepines + GTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sildenafil?

A

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (enzyme that regulates blood flow in the penis and lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What medications can cause hyperkalaemia if given with potassium-sparing diuretics?

A

ACE-I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of medication is amiloride?

A

Potassium-sparing diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What immune changes can clozapine cause?

A

Neutropenia due to agranulocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What immune cell changes can prednisolone cause?

A

Neutrophilia (promotes neutrophil maturation), reduced eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give an example of a natural and a pharmacological mineralocorticoid

A

Aldosterone
fludrocortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give an example of a natural and pharmacological glucocorticoid

A

Cortisol
Hydrocortisone, prednisolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the features of a tricyclic overdose?

A

Convulsions, altered mental state, widened QRS, dilated pupils, dry, hot skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can be given in a TCA overdose?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can be given in a benzodiazepine overdose?

A

Flumazenil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the features of an benzodiazepine overdose?

A

hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression and coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What medication can be used to reverse the effects of DOACs?

A

Andexanet alfa (modified factor Xa protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which antibiotics lower the seizure threshold?

A

Quinolones - cipro and levofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the side effects of rifampicin?

A

Hepatitis, orange secretions, flu-like symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the side effects of isoniazid?

A

Peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis, agranulocytosis

18
Q

What are the side effects of ethambutol?

A

optic neuritis - and colour blindness (stop meds if this occurs)

19
Q

What are the side effects of pyrazinamide?

A

hyperuricaemia, arthralgia, myalgia, hepatitis

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metoclopramide?

A

dopamine agonist (reduces nausea), crosses BBB and causes hyperprolactinaemia

21
Q

How do vasopressin analogues help in bleeding?

A

They cause vasoconstriction and increased systemic vascular resistance

22
Q

What tests should be done before starting amiodarone?

A

TFT, LFT, U&E and CXR

23
Q

What is the management of anaphylactic reaction to blood transfusion?

A

Transfusion termination, IM adrenaline, antihistamines, corticosteroids, bronchodilators and supportive care

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of alendronate?

A

It decreases osteoclastic bone resorption by binding to hydroxyapatite and causing apoptosis of osteoclasts

25
Q

What is the action of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors?

A

block conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, can take time to improve prostate symptoms
(example - finasteride)

26
Q

When does renal impairment occur in patients starting rampiril?

A

In those with bilateral renal artery stenosis

27
Q

Give examples of some vitamin D analogues

A

Calcitriol and tacalcitol

28
Q

Why are vitamin D analogues used in psoriasis?

A

They decrease cell division and differentiation, which decreases epidermalproliferation

29
Q

Can you use topical vitamin D analogues in pregnant women?

A

NO

30
Q

Which antiemetic is best for vertigo and dizziness?

A

Prochlorperazine

31
Q

Which antiemetic is used to treat nausea and motion sickness?

A

Cyclizine or promethazine

32
Q

What do TNF-alpha inhibitors do?

A

Immunosuppression

33
Q

What side effect are you mainly worried about in those taking hydroxychloroquine?

A

Bull’s eye (central) retinopathy

34
Q

Which medications commonly cause gingival hyperplasia?

A

phenytoin, ciclosporin, CCB (nifedipine)

35
Q

What is the action of infliximab and etanercept?

A

TNF alpha inhibitor - for crohns or rheumatoid

36
Q

What is the action of imatinib?

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor - For GI tumours and CML

37
Q

How long after taking digoxin should you measure blood concentration levels?

A

At least 6 hours after last dose

38
Q

How long after taking lithium should you measure blood concentration levels?

A

12 hours post-dose

39
Q

Which medications cause urinary retention?

A

opioids, tricyclics, anti-cholinergics and NSAIDs

40
Q

What are the side effects of ciclosporin?

A

^ fluid, BP, K+, hair, gums, glucose
nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity

41
Q

What is the characteristic symptom of digoxin toxicity?

A

yellowing of vision - xanthopsia, and reduced acuity (can get confusion, nausea and lethargy) and gynaecomastia

42
Q

What is the main adverse effect of hydroxychloroquine?

A

Bull’s eye retinopathy

Finals passmed (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions