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Finals passmed > infectious diseases > Flashcards

infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

How long does a full course of tetanus last for?

A

10 years from last dose

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2
Q

What do you do if someone has a high risk wound and their last tetanus jab was >10 years ago?

A

tetanus booster
tetanus IgG

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3
Q

How many doses of tetanus injections do you require for life-long protection?

A

5

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4
Q

What is the treatment for latent TB?

A

3 months of isoniazid, pyridoxine and rifampicin
or
6 months of isoniazid with pyridoxine

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5
Q

What should you do before getting a BCG vaccine?

A

a Mantoux test - if they may have been exposed

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6
Q

What are contraindications to the BCG vaccine?

A

Previous vaccine, past TB, HIV, pregnancy

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7
Q

What is the causative organism of lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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8
Q

What is the management of confirmed lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline or amoxicillin if pregnant
if disseminated disease - ceftriaxone

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9
Q

When can someone go back to school after scarlet fever?

A

24hrs after starting antibiotics

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10
Q

Do all contacts of meningococcal meningitis need abx prophylaxis?

A

Yes, irrespective of vaccine status, should have a single dose of ciprofloxacin

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11
Q

What is the management of shingles?

A

Acyclovir within 72 hours of onset in most patients, unless mild and under 50

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12
Q

What is the first line management for chicken-pox exposure in pregnancy?

A

Check maternal blood for varicella zoster antibodies.
If none, oral aciclovir at day 7 to 14 after exposure

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13
Q

What are the features of foetal varicella zoster?

A

skin scarring, micropthalmia, limb hypoplasia, microcephaly and learning disabilities

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14
Q

What should be assessed before starting TB treatment?

A

Visual acuity

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15
Q

What are the common side effects of rifampicin?

A

hepatitis, orange secretions, flu-like-symptoms

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16
Q

What are the common side effects of isoniazid?

A

peripheral neuropathy (take with B6 to prevent), hepatitis, agranulocytosis, lupus

17
Q

What are the common side effects of Pyrazinamide?

A

hyperuricaemia (gout), arthralgia, myalgia, hepatitis (painful things)

18
Q

What are the side effects of ethambutol?

A

optic neuritis

19
Q

How do you diagnose C.Diff?

A

C.Diff toxin in the stool

20
Q

What is the first line management of C.Diff?

A

Oral vancomycin for 10 days

21
Q

What is the management of a life-threatening C.Diff infection?

A

Oral vancomycin and IV metronidazole

22
Q

What drugs should be given in someone with a CD4 count less than 200?

A

Co-trimoxazole - for pneumocystitis jiroveci prevention

23
Q

What is the first-line test for HIV?

A

Viral antibodies and antigens

24
Q

What are the features of diptheria?

A

recent travel abroad, sore throat with ‘diptheric membrane’ - grey membrane on tonsils and pharynx, lymphadenopathy, neuritis

25
Q

What is the management of diptheria?

A

IM penicillin (caused by corynebacterium diptheriae), diptheria antitoxin

26
Q

What are the common travel related conditions?

A

Malaria, Typhoid, Arbovirus

27
Q

How do you know a fever in a returning traveller is not malaria?

A

There is no rash in malaria
(test too)

28
Q

How is typhoid spread?

A

Faeco-oral - through contaminated food or water

29
Q

What are the clinical features of typhoid?

A

gradual onset of fever (rose spots on trunk), malaise, headache, dry cough
week 2: persistent high fever, abdominal pain and diarrhoea or constipation. hepatosplenomegaly

30
Q

What are the complications of typhoid?

A

GI perforation

31
Q

How do you diagnose typhoid?

A

Blood culture

32
Q

How do you treat typhoid?

A

IV ceftriaxone if complex
PO azithromycin if uncomplicated

33
Q

What do you see on blood film with malaria?

A

Ring trophozoites

34
Q

What causes malaria?

A

P.falciparum (much worse) and non-falciparum malaria (can present months to years after but not as bad)

35
Q

What is the treatment for malaria?

A

IV artesunate

36
Q

Give some examples of viral haemorrhagic fevers?

A

Lassa, Ebola, Marburg
- person-to-person transmission

37
Q

What are the features of lymphogranuloma venerium?

A

Caused by chlamydia
a painless genital lesion which then forms an ulcer, painful inguinal lymphadenopathy and proctitis

38
Q

What causes Chancroid?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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