Anaesthetics Flashcards
What medication can be used to counter the local effects of adrenaline?
Phentolamine - alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonist
When would you use an oropharyngeal airway?
Short procedures with no paralysis
When would you use a laryngeal mask?
Does not usually require paralysis, poor control against reflux, not able to be used for high pressure ventilation
When would you use a tracheostomy as an airway?
reduces dead space, used to slowly wean off ventilation
When would you use an endotracheal tube?
Provides optimal control of airway when cuff is inflated, can be used to ventilate, paralysis is often required
What is hyponatraemic encephalopathy?
Headache, confusion, and ataxia due to low sodium
When would you use bupivicaine vs lignocaine?
lignocaine is shorter acting
Bupivicaine lasts longer but is cardiotoxic so cannot be used for regional blocks
Which anaesthetic is used for regional blocks?
Prilocaine
How does propofol work?
GABA receptor agonist, causes rapid onset anaesthesia
Which anaesthetic agent is usually used for rapid sequence induction?
sodium thiopentone - very rapid onset of action
What are the names of some muscle relaxants?
rocuronium, atracurium
When would you use a sliding-scale insulin infusion?
During long operations or emergency procedures in insulin dependant diabetics
What are the ASA classifications?
Anaesthetics
1= fit, non-smoker, minimal alcohol
2=mild disease/smoker/drinker/obesity/pregnant
3=severe systemic disease
4=severe systemic disease, recent CV
5=not expected to survive the op
6=brain-dead
Do you take metformin on the day of surgery?
Yes, if they only miss one meal
What are the features of a keloid scar?
extension beyond the boundaries of the incision, shiny red scary
