Cardio

Question 1

An MI in which area of the heart is most likely to cause an AV block?

Answer 1

Inferior MI

Question 2

What are the common complications of an MI?

Answer 2

Cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, brady/tachycardias, pericarditis, dressler’s syndrome

Question 3

In which leads would you see changes in an inferior MI?

Answer 3

II, III and aVF

Question 4

What are the characteristic features of acute mitral regurgitation?

Answer 4

acute onset SOB, bibasal crackles, hypotension and a systolic murmur

Question 5

What are the presenting features of a left ventricular wall aneurysm?

Answer 5

Acute-onset SOB, bilateral infiltrates, S3 heart sound, persistent ST elevation

Question 6

What are the features of superior vena cava obstruction?

Answer 6

facial and upper limb swelling, with distended veins, breathlessness

Question 7

What is P mitrale?

Answer 7

A bifid P wave, due to left atrial hypertrophy e.g. in mitral valve stenosis

Question 8

What are the risk factors in the CHA2DS2VASc score acronym?

Answer 8

Congestive HF, Hypertension, Age >75 or age >65, diabetes, prior stroke/TIA/DVT, vascular disease, Sex (female)

Question 9

What chadvasc score requires anticoagulation?

Answer 9

> 2

Question 10

What are the signs of cardiac tamponade?

Answer 10

Beck’s triad: hypotension, elevated JVP, diminished heart sounds.
Pulsus paradoxus (drop in BP during inspiration)
Can be after trauma

Question 11

What is the management of aortic dissection?

Answer 11

ascending aorta - IV labetalol and surgery
descending aorta - IV labetalol

Question 12

When would you use unsynchronised cardioversion?

Answer 12

When the patient is in cardiac arrest or pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Question 13

When would you use synchronised cardioversion?

Answer 13

For haemodynamically unstable tachyarrhythmias

Question 14

What would classify as unstable signs?

Answer 14

hypotension <90 systolic, syncope, clammy etc, myocardial ischaemia, heart failure.