Passmed February Flashcards
What is the long-term management of a provoked PE?
1st line: Apixaban for 3 months
2nd: LMWH
What is the long-term management of an unprovoked PE?
Apixaban/rivaroxaban for 6 months
What is the management of PE with haemodynamic instability?
Thrombolysis
What is the first line drug used to manage COPD?
SABA (salbutamol, terbutaline) or SAMA (ipratropium)
What are the NICE criteria for determining if a COPD patient has asthmatic features?
previous asthma
high eosinophil count
variation in FEV1
diurnal variation in PEF
What is the second line treatment for COPD in someone without asthmatic features?
Add LABA and LAMA (switch SAMA to SABA)
What is the second line treatment for COPD in someone with asthmatic features?
Add LABA and ICS (switch SAMA to SABA)
Give an example of a LABA
salmeterol, formoterol
Give an example of a LAMA
Tiotropium
What is the first line treatment of hypertension in diabetics?
ACE-I (prils) or ARBs (sartans)
What enzyme levels are elevated following an anaphylaxis episode?
tryptase (take baseline sample, then second sample after 1-2 hrs)
How much adrenaline do you give an adult in anaphylaxis?
500ug (0.5ml 1 in 1000)
What are the two main causes of hypercalcaemia?
primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancy (myeloma, bone mets)
What are the common signs of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord?
distal sensory loss/tingling, absent ankle jerk, gait abnormalities, brisk knee jerk
What causes subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord?
B12 deficiency - can be from recreational NO ingestion
How do you tell if it is type one diabetes of the young vs DMT2
c peptide is low in type 1 because 1 is lower than 2
c peptide is high in type 2 because 2 is higher than 1
How is C-peptide involved in diabetes
C-peptide is a precursor of insulin, and because there’s basically no insulin in type 1 the C-peptide would be low, and vice versa?
What are the four parts to the centor criteria?
- temperature > 38
- tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
- absence of a cough
- exudate on tonsils
(TATE)
What antibiotics are used for a strep throat?
- phenoxymethylpenicillin
- (clarithromycin if pen allergic)
7 or 10 days
At what age would the average child start to say ‘mama’ and ‘dada’?
9-10 months
At what age do children ask ‘what’ and ‘who’ questions?
3 years
At what age do children ask ‘why’, ‘when’ and ‘how’ questions?
4 years
