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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of the discovery, properties, and uses of drugs

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2
Q

Pharmacologist

A

An MD or PhD who specializes in the study of drugs and medicines

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3
Q

Pharmacist

A

The specialist who prepares and dispenses drugs on written order from a physician

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4
Q

Pharmacy technician

A

Helps pharmacists provide medication and other health care products to patients

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5
Q

Pharmacy

A

The place where drugs are dispensed from

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6
Q

Prescription

A

The written order from a physician for drugs

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7
Q

Subdivisions of pharmacology

A

Medical chemistry
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Molecular pharmacology
Chemotherapy
Toxicology

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8
Q

Drugs

A

Substances used to prevent or treat a disease or condition
Derived from plants, molds, animals
Almost all synthesized in a lab for commercial production

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9
Q

Three names of drugs

A

Chemical
Generic
Brand name

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10
Q

Chemical name

A

Specifies the exact chemical makeup of the drug, long and complicated

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11
Q

Generic name

A

Identifies the drug legally and scientifically; shorter and less complicated; only one

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12
Q

Brand name

A

Trademark name and private property of the drug manufacturer; can be multiple names if multiple manufacturers are making it

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13
Q

Oral administration

A

Drugs given by mouth and slowly absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach or intestinal walls
Convenient, must be able to not be destroyed by digestive juices and able to pass thorough intestinal wall
Can take awhile to work

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14
Q

Sublingual administration

A

Drugs are placed under the tongue or absorbed by saliva
Rapid absorption

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15
Q

Rectal administration

A

Suppositories or aqueous solutions are inserted into the rectum
Used when oral administration isn’t possible due to nausea or vomiting
Sometimes used to reach the lower end of GI tract more effectively

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16
Q

Inhalation

A

Vapors or gasses taken into the nose or mouth are absorbed into the bloodstream through the thin walls of the alveoli in the lungs
Aerosols are particles of the drug suspended in the air
Used to treat asthma and other lung disorders
Used for anesthesia

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17
Q

Topical application

A

Drugs are applied locally to the skin or mucous membranes
Can be fast-acting or slow-release
Antiseptics, Antipruritic
Transdermal patches

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18
Q

Parenteral administration

A

The injection of drugs from a syringe through a hollow needle placed under the skin, into a muscle, into a vein, or into a body cavity

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19
Q

7 types of parenteral administration

A

Subcutaneous
Intradermal
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Intrathecal
Intracavitary

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20
Q

Syringe

A

Instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body

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21
Q

Intravenous injection (IV)

A

Drug is injected directly into the vein
Immediate effect

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22
Q

Intramuscular injection (IM)

A

Drug is injected directly into the muscle; usually the buttock or upper arm

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23
Q

Subcutaneous injection (subQ)

A

Drug is injected into the subcutaneous layer of the skin

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24
Q

Intradermal injection

A

A shallow injection into the upper layers of the skin
Often used for allergy testing

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25
Q

Intracavitary instillation

A

Drug is injected into a body cavity
Pleural cavity injections for effusions caused by malignant disease

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26
Q

Intrathecal instillation

A

Drug is injected into the space under the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord

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27
Q

Dose

A

The amount of the drug that is administered; usually measured in grams or lites

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28
Q

Schedule

A

The exact timing and frequency of drug administration

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29
Q

Response

A

This is the desired and beneficial effect of a drug

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30
Q

Drug toxicity

A

The unpleasant and potentially dangerous effect of a drug

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31
Q

Side effects

A

The unpleasant effects that routinely result from the use of a drug
Often tolerable and reversible if discontinued

32
Q

Contraindications

A

Factors in a patient’s condition that make the use of a particular drug dangerous or ill-advised

33
Q

Tolerance

A

The effects of a given dose diminish as treatment continues; increasing amounts are needed to produce the same effect

34
Q

Addiction

A

The physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug

35
Q

Drug resistance

A

The reduction in effectiveness of a drug; lack of a beneficial process
Unable to control the disease process, mutation in the disease

36
Q

Analgesics

A

Used to lessen pain

37
Q

Anesthetics

A

Used to reduce or eliminate sensation

38
Q

Antibiotic and antivirals

A

Used to treat infections caused by bacteria or viruses

39
Q

Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs

A

Used to prevent clotting or coagulation of blood or break up clots in blood vessels; preserve blood for transfusion

40
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

Prevents or reduces the frequency of convulsions in various types of seizure disorders

41
Q

Antidepressants

A

Treat the symptoms of depression

42
Q

Anti-alzheimer’s drugs

A

Treat the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

43
Q

Antidiabetics

A

Used to treat diabetes mellitus

44
Q

Antihistamines

A

Block the action of histamine released by the body during allergic reactions

45
Q

Antiosteoporosis drugs

A

Used to treat the progression of osteoporosis

46
Q

Cardiovascular drugs

A

Act on the heart to treat hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or arrhythmias

47
Q

Endocrine drugs

A

Act in the same manner as naturally occurring hormones

48
Q

Gastrointestinal drugs

A

Used to relieve uncomfortable and potentially dangerous symptoms

49
Q

Respiratory drugs

A

Used to treat asthma and chronic respiratory conditions

50
Q

Sedative-hypnotics

A

Depress the CNS and promote drowsiness and sleep

51
Q

Stimulants

A

Act on the brain to speed up vital processes in cases of shock and collapse

52
Q

Tranquilizers

A

Act to slow down the vital processes and can control anxiety

53
Q

Aer/o

A

Air

54
Q

Alges/o

A

Sensitivity to pain

55
Q

Chem/o

A

Drug

56
Q

Cutane/o

A

Skin

57
Q

Derm/o

A

Skin

58
Q

Esthes/o

A

Feeling, sensation

59
Q

Hist/o

A

Tissue

60
Q

Hypn/o

A

Sleep

61
Q

iatr/o

A

Treatment

62
Q

Lingu/o

A

Tounge

63
Q

Narc/o

A

Drug

64
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

65
Q

Pharmac/o

A

Drug

66
Q

Pruit/o

A

Itching

67
Q

Pyret/o

A

Fever

68
Q

Tox/o

A

Poison

69
Q

Toxic/o

A

Poison

70
Q

Vas/o

A

Vessel

71
Q

Ven/o

A

Vein

72
Q

Ana-

A

Upward, excessive, again

73
Q

Anti-

A

Against

74
Q

Contra-

A

Against, opposite

75
Q

Syn-

A

Together, with

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (20 decks)

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